PLANNING PERMIT

Client shall make available all site layouts and boundaries to the Project Manager
(Contractor). These layouts shall be endorsed by a licensed surveyor and approved by
the head of survey. Investigations shall be carried on to confirm the land title deed.

POSSESSION OF SITE
These are the works that we carry out when site has been officially handed over to us.
All activities are properly documented since this has contractual implications.
The site is deemed to be formally handed over if the following conditions are met:
 The ENERGOPROJEKT is giving full or partial access to the site.
 A formal notice is given from the client to ENERGOPROJEKT saying so.
 In the absence of a formal letter by the client’s representative, the project QS
would write a letter confirming official possession of the site by the contractor.
 From the day the contractor takes over, we are liable to any damages that may be
caused to persons or property on the site.

SITE SURVEY
On the date we formally get possession of the site, a detailed site survey is carried out
by the surveying team. These are done BEFORE any permanent works are carried and
mobilization is starts.
The surveying is done to ascertain the following.
 Natural features on the site
 Existing structures on site
 Materials on site.
The survey includes a physical measurement of all visible features. These features are
then transferred onto drawings. A detailed photographic record of the site is also kept.
All utilities, both overhead and underground shall be identified and recorded. If any such
utilities or structures are in the way of the construction, we shall inform the client about
it and a way to go around it would be discussed and agreed on by all parties.
TEMPORAL POWER AND WATER CONNECTIONS
The estimated power requirements and loading for the operation of the site should be
estimated by the Electrical Engineer with consultation with the contactor. A joint survey
is done with the ECG team to determine the nearest connection to the main grid and the
location of the temporal meter. Once the quotation of such a temporal meter is
received from ECG, approval is given by the Electrical Engineer and the Project manager
if the costs are deemed right.
Same procedure is done for the approval and installation of the water meter, this time
with the Mechanical Engineer.

INTERNET CONNECTION
Whether the site needs internet or not is a decision to be made by the Client’s
representative and the project manager. This could also be stated in the Tender.
What amount is deemed adequate is the decision of all teams involved on site, this
would be agreed on during a site meeting.

CHAIN OF COMMAND
ENERGOPROJEKT shall make available to the Client and all parties involved its chain of
command and what works each person on the team is required to do. This would help
consultants know who to address their various issues and concerns to. The Client is also
required to do likewise for smooth communication and the speed of the work.

MOBILIZATION
This refers to all activities that takes place to prepare the site for the commencement of
the work.
SITE SET UP
This is the putting up of physical structures (temporal) on the site. These include a site
office for the supervisors and consultants. Workers shed/ resting area. Work shop for
the various artisans. Securing the site and limiting access to the site to only approved or
specified areas. Allocation of Plant positions.
SITE QUALITY ASSURANCE SET UP- This addresses the quality control facilities that would
be implemented on site to make sure quality is monitored and best practices are
implemented.
CRANE SET-UP
If a crane is to be used, the setting up and inspection of the crane is done. A certified
consultant would come on site to inspect the crane and the documents before approval
to be used on site is given if it passes all quality tests.

Site Safety Set-up

Signage Provision
Generally all sites should have an adequate number of signs to inform workers and
visitors of a) potential hazards and b) any safety measures that need to be complied
with.
• The proposed site requirement for the number and type of signs should be prepared
by the safety officer assigned to the site and should be selected from one of the
standard messages
• Signs will be of two sizes either A3 (30cm x 42cm) or A4 (21cm x 30cm) format. If a
larger size is required this should be agreed beforehand with the contractor and
the project manager
• A site requisition should be submitted from the site with the requirements attached
and duly completed specifically requesting the quantity, the message and the size
of the sign.
• This requisition should be approved by PM
• The construction of the signs will consist of an A3 or A4 sheet printed with the
relevant message and laminated. This will then be stuck with drawing pins onto a
board of the same size which has been fabricated by the carpentry workshop.

Provide Appropriate PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

All personnel working on sites are required to wear the appropriate PPE. This is
generally enforceable by law and so is compulsory and any persons not complying with
this requirement should be disciplined in accordance with the company rules and
regulations. It’s the duty of the safety officer and the site security
• HARD HATS OR SAFETY HELMETS - The Company will provide these for all directly
employed personnel and there are provisions in the domestic ‘labour only’
subcontract agreements to provide helmets to these subcontractors. Other
subcontractors are also required to comply with these safety PPE requirements but
they are solely responsible for the purchase, allocation and control of their own PPE
• REFLECTIVE VESTS AND JACKETS - The Company will provide these for all directly
employed personnel. Other subcontractors are also required to comply with
these safety PPE requirements but they are solely responsible for the purchase,
allocation and control and their own PPE
• SAFETY BOOTS – Workers are expected to provide their own safety boots/closed
footwear for working on the site. Any person wearing open foot-ware or sandals
MUST and SHALL be refused access/entry to the site.
• PROTECTIVE EYE-WARE/GOGGLES – Persons operating drilling, cutting, grinding,
planning, and spraying equipment are required to wear the appropriate safety eye-
ware while operating the equipment
• SAFETY BELTS – All persons working at heights more than 3.0m above a firm
support/floor are required to wear safety belts which should be clipped to an
appropriate safety cable or stable structure.
• NOSE MASKS - Nose masks should be worn by workers who are operating spraying
equipment, handling toxic materials and working in an extremely dusty
environment such as loading cement at the batching plant and manual backfilling
• GLOVES – Gloves are not considered as PPE, however gloves will be issued to those
steel benders who are cutting and bending reinforcement, and loading and
offloading reinforcement

Establish Fire/ Emergency Assembly Point

• The location of a fire/emergency assembly point should be identified and agreed
during the first technical committee meeting. The agreed location of this assembly
point should be clearly indicated and made aware to all personnel on site.
• This assembly point shall be selected such that it is at least 10 meters away from any
large buildings or other significant obstacles and the space should be large enough
to accommodate all persons on the site (i.e. the workforce at its peak)
• The designated site safety officer should erect a sign at or near the assembly point
clearly marked ‘Emergency Assembly Point’ so that it is clearly visible to anyone
within 10 meters of the point
• The location of the emergency assembly point should be demonstrated regularly at
the daily tool box talks so that all workers on the site are familiar with its location.
 • For large buildings (in particular high rise buildings) periodic drills (say quarterly)
should be undertaken so that all workers are familiar with the evacuation
procedure

Provision of Fire Extinguishers

• Two sets of fire extinguishers should be provided on each site
• A set of fire extinguishers comprises one carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguisher and one
dry powder chemical extinguisher
• The site safety officer shall ensure that a set of extinguishers are mounted on the
wall outside the Contractor’s office. The other set shall be mounted close to the
workers resting area.
• The site safety officer shall notify all persons of the location of the extinguishers and
they should also receive instructions on how to use the extinguishers in the event
of a fire:
• Above the fire extinguishers, the site safety officer should place a notice (on A4
sheet) which states instructions for use and which extinguisher is to be used with
which type of fire
• Standard or Multi-Purpose Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers are safe to use on most
kinds of fire, (Class A, B & C).E.g. Fires caused by petrol, oil, fat, paint, solvents,
grease, propane, butane and natural gas, as well as electrical equipment

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) based fire extinguishers are generally used for fighting electrical fires
Provision of Siren
A siren will only be considered under the following circumstances:
 Projects that are spread out over a wide area and a siren is the only means of
alerting personnel in the event of an emergency
 High rise building construction (more than 5 floors) so as to help in case of
emergency evacuation or sending information

First Aid Box

All sites must have a first aid box with the following items being standard in them.
 Adhesive plasters – in a variety of shapes and sizes
 Small, medium and large sterile gauze dressings
  Sterile Eye Pads
 Triangular bandages
 Crepe rolled bandages
 Safety Pins
 Disposable sterile gloves
 Scissors
 Tweezers
 Sticky tape
 Alcohol free cleansing wipes
 Thermometer
 Cream or spray to relieve insect bites and stings
 Distilled water for cleansing wounds
 Antihistamine tablets
 Wound Dressings – Sterile Un-medicated
 Wound Disinfectant - 5 liters
 Eye Baths/Cups
 Paracetamol and asprin
First Aid Guide – 1 no.
• The person responsible for keeping the first aid box is the First Aid Officer if
any or the Safety Officer on site
• The person responsible for administering first aid is the First Aid Officer if any
or the Safety Officer on site
• The person responsible for ordering more supplies when the supplies are
running low is the First Aid Officer or the Safety Officer on site

4.4.9 Identify a First Aid Officer and or Safety Personnel

• The first aid officer shall ideally be someone who has a basic knowledge of first aid
and who has undertaken a course in the administering of first aid
• Within the first week of formal appointment to this position, the site first aid officer
and/or safety personal shall receive an induction from Safety Officer who shall brief
this person on the Companies Safety Procedures and issue them with a copy of the
companies health and safety policy
• The Safety Officer shall also assess the first aid officer and determine if they need to
undergo any further training to execute their responsibilities under this role
effectively
The primary roles and responsibilities of the first aid officer/safety personnel are as
follows:
 To control the first aid box and administer treatment for minor injuries or
ailments that occur on site
 To be aware of and monitor compliance of the safety procedures on the site
 To coordinate daily tool box talks with the general foreman and site supervisor,
who are responsible for ensuring that site workers are present for these tool
box meeting. Topics for discussion at these talks should be raised by the first
aid officer e.g. wearing PPE, site cleanliness, working at height, etc
 To conduct regular inspections around the site highlighting unsafe practices or
areas of safety concern
 To report back to senior management when there is repeated non-compliance
with respect to the safety procedures that have been put in place on site,
despite instructions to the contrary
 In the event of an emergency evacuation, to coordinate a roll call at the agreed
emergency evacuation point.
 To provide the relevant safety statistics to the Site Supervisor for the
preparation of monthly progress reports
Formal Testing of Crane Slings
• Crane slings and chains are to be inspected for wear and tear by the relevant crane
operator on a daily basis and by the site mechanic on regular basis (preferably
weekly)
• Any visible defects are to be notified immediately to the Site Supervisor and
subsequently the Transport Manager and the sling/chain should be removed from
use until it can be tested and verified as being safe
• Formal testing of crane slings shall be done on an annual basis or as stated in the
contract.
• The slings and chains to be tested should be uniquely identified. Testing would be
done with the Ghana Standards Board
• From a regulatory and legal perspective, testing and certification can only be done
by the Ghana Standards Board, hence this requirement
The operators keep a copy of their certificate and the site supervisor also keeps the
original copy of the results and the certificates. It’s the duty of both
ENERGOPROJEKT and the Operator to make sure the operator’s certificates are not
expired as this would be a breach of contract
Crane Set-up
The decision on whether to use a tower crane and the type of crane to use shall be taken
at the technical committee meeting. This decision too can be made by either the client
after suggestions from ENERGOPROJEKT, based on the specific job to be done.
Set out Tower Crane Position
• The marked up site plan showing both the lay-out of the permanent structure and the
position of the agreed temporary structures and works areas such as position of batching
plant, lay-down areas, steel bending workshop and carpentry workshop would be used.
• Project Manager shall locate the position of the tower crane base on this marked up
site plan clearly indicating the turning circle of the crane and the respective loading limits
The position of the tower crane shall be selected by Project manager using the following
criteria:
 It has a wide reach as possible to the permanent work areas, which
require a form of mechanical lift
 It can access all those areas which will be inaccessible to other forms of
lifting equipment
 It’s position minimizes obstruction to other forms of vehicle movement
around the site
  It has free access to the working area without obstacles (i.e. trees, power
lines, buildings, etc)
The required height of the crane is decided on based on the height and width of the
building.

Obtain Tower Crane Information and Manuals

• The master copy of manuals for the tower cranes including the erection and
dismantling instructions are to be kept by Project manager
• A copy of the tower crane manuals and instructions should be kept by the transport
manager and another by the relevant tower crane operator (who should have this
on site at all times)
Construct Tower Crane Base
• The tower crane bases shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the
guidance stated in its manuals
• All calculations and designs must be checked by another in house competent person
and crosschecked by an independent company
• After an independent check to ensure compliance, these drawings shall be formally
issued to the site manager.
• A copy of these drawings shall be retained in the master copy of tower crane
manuals.
• The base shall be constructed such that it drains quickly and is not susceptible to
flooding
• Generally the level of the base will be below the natural ground level (or better still
below the proposed new level in that area) so that there is no requirement for
demolition and removal of this base after the tower crane has been removed

• The routing and size of the electrical supply to feed the crane shall be agreed
between the electrical engineer and the site supervisor. A sleeve provision shall be
made during the construction of the base for this supply as required

• The concrete base shall be allowed to cure for a minimum of 14 days before the
tower crane is erected

Erection of Tower Crane

• The tower crane shall be erected and dismantled by our mechanical team who
have experience in erecting cranes. When erection is done, the standard
 board is called in to inspect the crane and give an approval certificate for it
to be used.
Mobile Crane
A mobile crane shall also be used on site. The size and tonnage would be decided
on by the Site manager and Project manager.
Documentation of Confirmation of Verbal Instructions (CVI’s)
• All verbal instructions from the Employer or Employer’s Representative shall
be confirmed in writing within 24 hours after the verbal instruction is given
• A site instruction book shall be kept on the site to allow any authority (i.e. one
of the authorized Employer Body) issuing instructions to write their
instruction into the book
• The person responsible for ordering, keeping the site instruction book on the
site and distributing the signed instructions to the relevant parties is the site
quantity surveyor, however in their absence the site supervisor is responsible
• The site Supervisor and site quantity surveyor should be immediately notified
of any instruction given in respect of the project, if either of them is not
present when the instruction is given
• If the client does not issue a written instruction to cover the verbal instruction
then the site quantity surveyor shall prepare a Confirmation of Verbal
Instruction CVI form and ensure that all relevant parts of the form are
completed and signed by
• If a verbal instruction incurs a cost or constitutes a variation, then the instruction
should be valued as soon as is practically possible so that the Employer can be
advised of the implications of their instruction
 Documentation of Requests for Information (RFI’s)
• ‘Requests for Information’ to the Employer or Employer’s Representatives or
consultants shall be sent either by mail or a hard copy would be given in person.
This depends on if the consultant is available on site or not and the parties that
would be involved in such an RFI.
• RFI shall follow up to ensure a feedback on an RFI is received within 5 working days
(latest).
• RFIs shall be given so consultants have at least a 24hour notice.
Documentation of Progress Reports
• The ‘Project Progress Report’ is a more detailed report which is submitted to the
Employer and all stakeholders of the project on a monthly basis and shall include
the following information:
 Progress Summary
 Work Outputs
 Activities to be undertaken within the next few months
 Quality Assurance and Control
 Risk Lot
 Safety Statistics and Reportable Incidents
 Resources Employed
 Drawing Issues and Instructions/CVI’s received
 Miscellaneous
 Progress Photos

Subcontracting
All persons/parties working on the site who are NOT direct employees (either
casual or permanent) should have been appointed by either the Employer or
Energoprojekt. We have three different types of subcontracting as follows:
• Supply and Install subcontracting
• Labour only subcontracting
• Supply Contracts

Supply and Install Subcontracting occurs when a fully defined trade works package is
assigned to an external party or company (it will generally include material supply
 Documentation of Requests for Information (RFI’s)
• ‘Requests for Information’ to the Employer or Employer’s Representatives or
consultants shall be sent either by mail or a hard copy would be given in person.
This depends on if the consultant is available on site or not and the parties that
would be involved in such an RFI.
• RFI shall follow up to ensure a feedback on an RFI is received within 5 working days
(latest).
• RFIs shall be given so consultants have at least a 24hour notice.
Documentation of Progress Reports
• The ‘Project Progress Report’ is a more detailed report which is submitted to the
Employer and all stakeholders of the project on a monthly basis and shall include
the following information:
 Progress Summary
 Work Outputs
 Activities to be undertaken within the next few months
 Quality Assurance and Control
 Risk Lot
 Safety Statistics and Reportable Incidents
 Resources Employed
 Drawing Issues and Instructions/CVI’s received
 Miscellaneous
 Progress Photos

Subcontracting
All persons/parties working on the site who are NOT direct employees (either
casual or permanent) should have been appointed by either the Employer or
Energoprojekt. We have three different types of subcontracting as follows:
• Supply and Install subcontracting
• Labour only subcontracting
• Supply Contracts

Supply and Install Subcontracting occurs when a fully defined trade works package is
assigned to an external party or company (it will generally include material supply
and/or fabrication, design (in some cases), shop drawings (if necessary), delivery,
supervision, installation, quality control, testing and commissioning and handover in the
form of Operation and Maintenance Manuals and As-Built Drawings)
 Labour only Subcontracting occurs when only the installation aspect of a works
package is assigned to an external party or company (it will generally include receipt and
handling of materials supplied by others, supervision, installation, quality control)
Supply Contract occurs when only the material or equipment supply aspect of the
defined trade works package is assigned to an external party or company. It normally
relates to complex material supply items that require a significant design, fabrication
and testing input on the part of the supplier (it will therefore generally include design,
material supply and fabrication, shop drawings, delivery (sometimes), quality control,
testing and fabrication certificates, Operation and Maintenance Manuals in the case of
equipment, Installation Instructions and Drawings, Warranties).
 Supply and Install Subcontractors
Supply and Install Subcontracting occurs when a fully defined trade works package is
assigned to an external party or company (it will generally include material supply
and/or fabrication, design (in some cases), shop drawings (if necessary), delivery,
supervision, installation, quality control, testing and commissioning and handover
in the form of Operation and Maintenance Manuals and As-Built Drawings). This
section outlines procedures for Supply and Install Subcontractors with respect to
the following areas:
• Selection of Subcontractors – Criteria
• Preparation of a Subcontract Agreement
• Implementation of a Subcontract Agreement
• As- Built Drawings
• Testing and Commissioning

A decision to use a Supply and Install Subcontractors to undertake a work package

would normally be taken when one or more of the following conditions apply:
• The works are technically specialist and the company do not have the skills or
experience to do the works. We know of local companies who can do the work
better than us
• We want greater cost certainty on a particular package and would rather pass the
risk of material wastage, labor supervision and control, warranty, etc to a third
party
• The works are supervision intensive and we do not have the required supervision
available to undertake a part of the works
• The warranties and guarantees of the installed services are interlinked. This is
generally valid for plant and equipment items such as air-conditioning, pumps,
scoreboards, fire detection and alarm systems, etc
Selection and Appointment of Subcontractors
Coordinating the selection and appointment of supply and install subcontractors is the
responsibility of the Project manager.
• Prequalification and Short-listing of Potential Companies
• Preparation of Subcontract Bid Document and Inviting Short-listed Companies
• Review of Submissions, Evaluation and Selection of Subcontractor
• Nominated Subcontractors
For complex and one-off subcontract packages the guidelines shall be fully followed
unless the package satisfies one or more of the following conditions:
• The works described in the subcontract package are simple works which have been
undertaken by a preferred subcontractor on numerous occasions
• The works are highly specialized and there is only one or two known companies in Ghana
who are capable of doing these works

In the above instances it may only be necessary to get one quotation rather than inviting
three companies to price.
Sub- Structure

Setting out
Setting out shall be preceded by a meeting of the site technical committee to agree
on all benchmark locations and spot heights. This meeting shall comprise of all the
consultants and the Clients representative, along with the site and project managers
and the surveyor.
Levels would be decided based on the sea level and the existing road and ground
levels, so that cut and fill is reduced as much as possible.

Setting out information

• Acquire Copies (hardcopy and/or electronic copy) of Consultant’s setting out
points/coordinates
• Surveyor shall check and verify that, all setting out coordinates are referenced to
the national grid
• Surveyor shall check and transfer setting out data to the survey equipment (Total
Station or Theodolite) with an appropriate software that is compatible to the latest
version of CAD interface used in the design office.
• • Surveyor shall check and verify that, dimension units and reference datum are
consistent with the approved setting out coordinate point.
• Surveyor in collaboration with the Consultants and project manager shall discuss
and agree on the provision of benchmarks in lieu of and/or in addition to the existing
ones.
• Permanent survey control points shall be established as soon as possible and such
permanent points shall be preserved and protected during construction operations.
• If not already in existence, a minimum of 2 permanent bench marks shall be
established for each major structure, and referenced to data established by survey
control points
• From the primary survey control points the construction surveys shall be performed
as required to locate, set-out and construct each portion of the Works.
• Horizontal distances shall normally be measured with optical or electronic distance
measuring instruments. Chaining (measuring tape) shall be restricted to measuring
of short distances and will not be used in survey of traverse nets.
• Elevations and angles shall be measured by using an appropriate electronic or optical
instrument.
• Leveling shall be checked by closing the loop to the initial bench mark.
• Pegs shall be used for levels for blinding. These pegs shall me off-cut iron rods.
Survey points
•All survey benchmark well protected from traffic and any other obstructions
• Surveyor shall ensure that, the benchmarks are visible across the entire site.
• The site team shall keep all survey pillars barricaded with reflective tapes and
wooden supports
• Surveyor shall ensure the survey benchmarks (pillar) are clearly referenced and
captured in all subsequent drawings of the site general arrangement.
•Established survey benchmarks shall be indicated on the as-built general
arrangement drawings
Excavated Material
• The technical committee shall identify an area within the site for the stockpile of spoil
material.
• Excavated materials which are not suitable for, or are in excess of the construction
requirements, shall be disposed of in the spoil areas.
• The spoil areas shall be located where they will not interfere with the natural flow of
drains, culverts, streams or sewer manholes.
• The material obtained from outdoor excavation shall be disposed of in the designated
areas separating crushed material from common and/or clayey material and topsoil.
• Permanent deposits of the excavated material shall be graded in such a way to have a
neat appearance.
• Foundation excavation shall be kept well drained and free of standing water. The
Subcontractor shall provide all necessary drains, ditches and sumps, and use pumps when
necessary; in order to ensure that foundation surfaces are not harmed by water. When
foundations are so affected, the affected material shall be removed and replaced with
approved backfill.
• All suitable materials from the excavations shall be utilized to the fullest practicable
extent as construction materials in the permanent works.
• Laterite shall be imported to site if the excavated material is deemed as not adequate
enough for backfills.
• This laterite would have to be approved by the Geotechnical consultant before material
is used on site.

Temporal sumps and wedges

• Site manager shall ensure proper dewatering system during excavations by providing
reasonable temporal drains and sumps. Sump positions must be such that, they do
not interfere with any structural positions or earth movement activities.
• Depending on the conditions encountered during the excavation works, we may
select the temporary protection and supports we deem most convenient and
suitable to support and stabilize the excavation material and to facilitate the
installation of permanent protection and supports.
• Temporary protection and supports shall be removed by the contractor either shortly
before placing the concrete or after the work is completed and it shall be the
 contractor's responsibility to conduct his operations during excavation so that no
temporary protection or supports are installed, which cannot be removed when
required.
Transport of materials in and out of site
• Whenever possible, the excavated material shall be sent directly to the final location
set for dumping of unsuitable materials.
• All excavated material leaving the site shall be accompanied by a waybill. No
material without a waybill shall be allowed to leave site. The security shall inspect
each waybill and book them before the truck moves out.
• A Back-Hoe and trucks shall be used for removal of pilled-up materials from the site.
A Payloader may or shall be used if the volumes involved are large.
• All imported material shall be delivered alongside the waybill. The waybills shall be
crosschecked at the gate and an officer would sign receipt upon verification of the
volume and quality of the material. Copies are made and given to interested
parties.
Blinding
• Concrete mixes for the blinding shall be as per the design specifications.
• Instances where there are no specifications on drawings, the site engineer shall ensure
that, the concrete class used for blinding is between C10-C20. Usually C20 to be on the
safer side.
• The site engineer shall seek clarification from the external consultant on the concrete
class to be used for blinding. This shall be done subsequently with a signing of a CVI and
issued for consultant’s signature and approval. The signed copy shall be entered into the
CVI file.
• Blinding levels shall be agreed by the technical team or consultant’s representative if
not already stated in the drawings
• Blinding levels shall be done by pegs or spacers or off-cut iron rods. The fixing of the
pegs or off-cut iron shall be regulated with the help of a level instrument.
• The levels of the blinding shall be strictly based on approved drawing. Blinding shall not
commence until all discrepancies on drawings are checked and cleared.

Concreting
• On no occasion shall the blinding level be more than 100mm. Surveyor shall ensure that,
the prepared ground is relatively level, clean and neat to receive blinding concrete.
• Unless otherwise stated, samples of concrete shall not be taking for any test. However,
slump test shall be carried throughout the process.
• Blinding concrete shall not be done in bad conditions like rain, ponding of prepared
ground, dirty ground, unleveled ground etc.
• Concrete pours shall be leveled with the help of tempering wood or rod by the masons.
Receipt of raw materials in the Yard
• STEEL BENDER FOREMAN shall immediately notify the Store Keeper when a delivery
of reinforcement reaches the yard before any offloading takes place.
• While the reinforcement is on the truck (or once the first bars have been offloaded)
Steel bender foreman shall measure the length of each different bar diameter and
notify the Store Keeper of any discrepancies in the actual length of the bars and the
length stated on the waybill (i.e. greater than 20cm).
• The steel bender foreman shall assist the store keeper to count the reinforcement
bars as they are offloaded and cross check the final count with the Suppliers waybill.
• The steel bender foreman shall ensure that the received bars are neatly packed onto
the reinforcement racks specifically allocated for this use. Each size of bar diameter
should be stored in a separate rack and all reinforcement should be placed above
the ground. Thus reinforcements are stacked on wood or pallets.
General management of material, equipment and labor
• Steel Bender Foreman is directly responsible for the allocation of the steel bending
workforce to ensure that production targets are met.
• Steel Bender Foreman shall undertake roll calls at the beginning and end of each day
to record which of his workforce is present
• Steel Bender Foreman shall check the cutting and bending machines on a daily basis
for signs of wear and tear and notify the Mechanical Workshop of any problems.
The mechanical workshop should be reminded to undertake maintenance checks
on the equipment on regular basis.
• Steel Bender Foreman shall ensure that, the steel bending yard and its immediate
surrounding area are neat and tidy and free of any waste
• Steel Bender Foreman shall store all off-cuts in prepared wooden boxes. When these
boxes are full, the Site manager shall be made aware and a decision on the disposal
of the materials are made.
Bending schedule
• All structural drawings (both in house and/or from external consultants) shall have
appropriate reinforcement bending schedules. Prior to usage, the bending schedule
shall be checked and approved by Site engineer and Project manager.
• Bending schedules shall clearly identify all reinforcement bars for the relevant drawings.
Reinforcement dimensions in the bending schedules shall be clear and unambiguous. The
Site manager and Site engineeer shall be responsible for the conformance of all bending
schedules to relevant drawing details.
• All in-house bending schedules shall be prepared according to BS Codes standard shapes
and shall reference drawing details. All schedules shall clearly indicate reinforcement
quantity, bar mark, and reinforcement types in diameter and in appropriate labels as
designated for yield strength classes; and shall be in the reinforcement bending schedule.
• Bending schedules received from external consultants shall be reviewed together with
attached drawings by the site engineer.

Checking and Control of Rebars

• Testing of the reinforcement bars shall be done periodically when large quantities
are received. Testing shall also be done as and when it is requested by the
consultants.
• Reinforcement test certificates shall be reviewed by the Site Engineer, and shall be
filed in the reinforcement general quality assurance folder.
• All reinforcement procured shall be checked for acceptable variance in sizes.
Standard testing of reinforcement shall be arranged for major reinforcement
stocks.
• Lengths of not less 500mm of each bar type and diameter shall be cut for testing.
The sample should not exceed 3bars per type.
 Ordering rebar on site
• Site order for rebars shall be placed as per approved bending schedule form In the
rare event of unavailability of bending schedules on site, the Site manager and site
engineer shall order a small quantity to facilitate work whilst the bending schedule
is being generated.
• No reinforcement shall be loaded onto trucks or delivered to sites without the
relevant delivery sheet attached to the waybill.
• Delivery sheets for any particular order shall be generated and copies made available
to the Store keeper and the logistics department
• Each sheet of shall clearly indicate the site of destination of the reinforcement.
Storing of Rebars

• Reinforcement received on site shall be packed as per labels for easy identification.
Reinforcement shall be reasonably arranged on planks, and shall not have direct
contact with the ground.
• Off-loading of reinforcement on site shall be done in a reasonable manner as to
prevent damage to reinforcement labels, and shall be under the supervision of the
site manager or his representative.
• All reinforcement to be returned from site shall be accompanied by a print which will
have all necessary detail, equivalent to the descriptions in the delivery sheet, and
shall be signed by the site manager or the operations manager.
Spacer Blocks
• Spacer blocks shall be prepared based on the required cover needed for the
structural component to be constructed.
The cover of the reinforcement shall be as shown on the Drawings or as indicated
below:
• In-situ concrete: Concrete cast directly against soil or rock and being permanently
exposed to it 60 mm Formed concrete permanently exposed to backfill or water 50
mm. Outside exposure 40 mm Inside exposure 30 mm
• Spacer blocks shall be constructed with C20 concrete and cast on a clean prepared
oiled surface with adequate binding wire embedded.
• Spacer blocks shall be prepared with pvc pipe as formwork, depending on the agreed
shape of spacer block required..
 • Spacer blocks shall be cured as in normal concrete practice by sprinkling water on
the spacer blocks every evening.
Fixing Of Rebars (Reinforcement)
• Fixing of rebars shall only commence when all the relevant drawings have been
confirmed by the Structural consultant and the site engineer.
• The center-to-center distance between parallel bars shall be as shown on the
Drawings, with a tolerance of +/- 20 mm.
• In placing reinforcement steel, the tolerance from indicated protective cover shall
be:

a) For 30mm cover and less ± 4 mm b) For 40 mm cover and less: ± 5 mm

• Fixing of rebar shall further include the furnishing and installation of all binding wire,
clips, supports, seats, spacers, and other appurtenances necessary to produce
finished concrete structures.
• Wire for tying reinforcement shall be smooth wire conforming to ASTM Specification
A82

Kickers
• Concrete Kickers shall be 100mm thick and of the same concrete grade as the
structural element

Checks & Control of Rebar Placements

• The Site engineer and manager shall check the initial stages of rebar fixing, to
ensure is in conformity with the specification in the drawings. The check shall
include the spacing, lap length, anchorage, and bar size.
• Checks shall be carried out from time to time by the site manager to ensure
there are no last minute surprises. Prior to the concrete pour, site engineer
conducts final check with the drawings.
Sign-off and approval of rebars
• The quantity surveyor shall send a Request For Inspection notice to the consultants
( usually just the structural consultant ), with a 24hour notice to come and inspect
the rebars and approve the work done.
 • Rebar placement is considered approved and confirmed when all two parties (i.e the
site engineer and the consultant’s rep) have appended their signatures on the RFI.
• A copy of the signed RFI shall be filed.
Design of formwork
• Formwork shall be designed to withstand the full hydrostatic pressure of concrete

Selection of appropriate formwork

• The Operation’s Manager in conjunction with the Head office shall determine the
standard (local and/or imported) of formwork to be used.
• The Operation’s Manager in conjunction with the site Supervisor shall determine the
appropriate type of bracing to be used in each area where formworks are required.
• The forms may be of wood, plywood, steel, or equivalent material. All timber brought
to the site for use in forms; shoring and bracing shall be new except if otherwise
approved by the Operation’s Manager
Placing Of Formwork
• All forms shall be true to the required shape and size, shall conform to the established
alignment and grade, and shall be of sufficient strength and rigidity to maintain their
position and shape under the loads and operations incident to placing and vibrating the
concrete.
• Suitable and effective means shall be provided on all forms for holding adjacent edges
and ends of panels and sections tightly together, and in accurate alignment so as
to prevent the formation of ridges, offsets, or similar surface defects in the
finished concrete. Forms shall be tight so as to prevent the loss of water, cement
and fines during placing and vibrating of the concrete.
• Forms which are unsafe or inadequate in any respect may, at any time, should be
properly removed from the Works and replaced.
• An adequate number of temporary clean-out holes or short pipes shall be provided
in the forms to secure the draining of rainwater.
• When a second lift is placed on hardened concrete, the number, location and
tightening of ties at the top of the old lift and bottom of the new shall be such as to
prevent any damage to concrete.
 • Forms for sloping concrete surfaces shall permit their placing board-by-board or
panel-by-panel immediately ahead of concrete placement so as to enable access for
placement, vibration, and inspection of the concrete.

Bracing Of Formwork
• The type, number and positions of internal formwork supports and ties shall be
carefully selected
• The whole or part of such formwork supports and ties shall be removed without
damage to the concrete so as to leave no part embedded nearer the surface of the
concrete than the designed cover of the reinforcement or 50 mm in the case of un-
reinforced concrete. Only metal portions of formwork supports and ties shall be
allowed to remain in place.
• Through-bolts will not be permitted in water retaining walls. Special form spacers
and tie rods shall be requested by the site manager in special concrete structures
like basements and water retaining structures..
• Holes left after the removal of supports and ties shall be filled as described hereinafter
in "Repair of Defective Concrete", and shall be finished off neatly to the standard
of the concrete surface. Such filling shall be adequately cured.

Striking of Formwork
• Removal of forms shall be performed with care so as to avoid injury to the concrete
and damage to the material and as soon as permissible in order to avoid delay in
curing and repair of surface imperfections.
• Forms shall not be removed until the concrete has attained sufficient strength to
prevent damage to concrete. Damaged concrete shall be repaired or treated at the
expense of site management

• The minimum period before the removal of formwork shall be in accordance with
the following table:
 Type of Formwork Days % of 28-day cOperation’s
managerpressive
strength
Vertical formwork to 1 40%
columns, walls Large
beams
Ceiling formwork to slab 12 70%
Props to slabs 15 85%
Ceiling formwork to 10 80%
beams
Props to beams 20 90%

The minimum periods in days are only indicative. The governing rule to be observed is
the percentage of the required 28-day compressive strength, which shall be
determined by the cube test in addition to those required by the provisions as
described. When in doubt, the site Agent shall seek approval from the Operation
Manager prior to start any removal of forms
• When fixing the minimum period for formwork removal, the shrinkage and creep of
the concrete shall be taken in to consideration. All the above and the minimum
period for removing the formwork shall not apply to steam cured elements.
Set out Cast-ins
• Surveyor shall carry out all setting out relating to cast-in items at all times. Depending
on the type of cast-in item, Surveyor shall execute the setting out process with an
instrument of acceptable tolerance.
• Measurements shall be carried out using steel tape or laser beam device mechanism.
Tolerances shall not exceed 5mm.
• Cross checks shall be done. Projects of limited tolerances like mechanical
installations, prefabricated installations and mining, shall be cross checked by
external surveyors.
• Final inspection of cast-in items shall be conducted alongside the client’s
representative, consultants and Site manager.
Concrete pours shall only be carried out when all parties are satisfied
Fixing of Box outs
• All required box-outs shall be clearly and precisely dimensioned. All dimensions and
shapes shall be cross checked and signed-off.
• Box-outs shall be prepared of wood or pvc pipes depending on the shape and location.
Positioning of the box-outs shall be based on an approved drawing layout by the
consultant. Box-outs shall not be placed without the prior notice of the structural
designer unless members receiving the box-out are non-structural member.
• Project manager shall check and initiate the signing –off relating to box-out
dimensions, locations and quantity.
Fixing Casts in Plates
• The Engineer shall verify the quantity of cast-in plates required for a particular
structural element. The size, thickness, shape and quantity shall be drawn for
production.
• Cast-in plates shall only be delivered to site upon receipt of a requisition order
confirming the date required on site and an order signature by the Site Manager
• Prepared cast – in plates shall be stored on pallets if possible and shall be on a clean
surface. No cast – in plates shall be stored on the bare ground or mud.
• Placing of cast-in plates shall be based on approved shop drawing by the designer.
Drawings shall indicate clearly the offset distances, grid reference and levels if
possible of the cast-in plates

Inspection and Sign off of Cast in Members

• A site inspection team is responsible for the final checks of all cast-in items.
• Each component shall have a separate inspection form and shall not use one form
for the entire exercise. The inspection shall be structured according to grids, levels,
sections; structural member and/or concrete pour sequence. Confirmation of
acceptable inspection shall be the benchmark for commencement of concrete
works.
 CONCRETE
Preparation of mix design
• As soon as practicable, the Subcontractor/Authorized Personnel (under the
supervision of the Design Office), shall start the testing of materials, propose the
composition of concrete mixes and prepare trial mix of each of the proposed
concrete class. The Authorized Person/Subcontractor shall prepare the trial mixes
using the cement, water, aggregates and admixtures intended for the work and
which conform to the requirements specified in this Section.
• This preliminary test program shall include the determination of following
parameters:
 Cement properties
 Characteristics of aggregates
 Mix water properties
 Admixture properties
 Proportion of aggregate ranges in the mix
 Proportion of un-crushed to crushed aggregates
 Cement dosage
 Water-cement ratio (W/C)
 Workability of concrete mixes
 Compressive and tensile strength
 Density

• These tests shall be carried out until the concrete mixes show appropriate strength,
workability, density, without the use of excessive cement.

Cement
• Cement: Portland Type I and Type II, in accordance with ASTM specifications shall be
used or appropriate equivalent standard test (e.g. Ghana Standards Board). Cement
shall be sampled and tested for strength and physical properties. Chemical analysis
and conformity certificates from suppliers shall be documented in the site QC file.

Aggregates
• Aggregates shall be sampled and tested as set out in GHA Specification.
 • All aggregate shall come from a reliable source, approved by the head office, and
able to guarantee timely delivery throughout the duration of the project.
• Tests shall be made on samples that are representative of the grading that will be
used in the concrete.
• Ordering of aggregate shall follow the approved procedure.
• If reference on aggregate is given, it would show when to use river sand or pit sand)
Water
• The suitability of the water for concrete shall be evaluated and the permissible amount
of silt or suspended solids established.
• Water which quality is questionable or suspected of having detrimental amounts of
sulfates shall be chemically analyzed in a specialized laboratory at CSIR. Samples for
testing would be carried out by our Quality Assurance team.

Admixtures
• Admixtures proposed by the Mix Designers shall be tested for their suitability with the
cement and materials to be used in the Works and under proposed construction
conditions.
• Admixtures shall be sampled and tested as set out in ASTM Specification C494 or
equivalent BS.
• Air-Entraining admixtures shall be tested in accordance with ASTM Test Method C233
or equivalent BS
Trial tests
• Concrete test cubes shall be made and cured in accordance with BS 5600. Test cubes
shall be made from each mix proposed for the different classes of concrete.
Compressive strength of concrete shall be tested on three test cubes at 7, 14 and 28
days in accordance with BS 5600.
• Splitting tensile strength of concrete shall be tested in accordance with BS 5600.
• The consistency of the proposed mixes shall be tested by means of slump test in
accordance ASTM Test Method C143 or equivalent BS method. Specimen for slump tests
shall be taken from each batch of concrete used to make the test cubes and beams.
• Air content shall be determined in accordance with ASTM Test Methods C173 or C 231
or equivalent BS method.
• Static modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of concrete in compression shall be
determined in accordance with ASTM Test Method C 469 or equivalent, as and when
requested for by the Consultants.
• The final approval of the required mix ratios shall be communicated by the QC team or
external consultant officially in writing to the site agent and copies sent to the head office
and operations manager for filing. Copies of this formal approval shall also be made
available to the client or employer’s representative. A confirmation notice shall be
requested from the client or employer’s representative before the commencement of
major concrete pours.

Checklist sign off

• Final checks using the Checklist form shall be carried out prior to concrete orders or
placing. The site QC team commences the checks with the assistance of the site foreman.
• The checklist on shall be strictly adhered to and all parties involved in signing must do
so before any concrete placing. After the check, a copy of the final checklist shall be given
to the site agent for his/her necessary action, especially for areas that are found to need
rectification.
• A copy of the confirmed checklist with signatories of all the relevant parties stating
acceptance of preparedness for the concrete works shall be sent to the batching team
before concrete production starts.
• Copies of the signed checklist shall be filed in the QC file. The signed checklist form shall
be reused during the removal of formwork for the concrete pour area in question; before
it will be fully completed. Any forms of defects like honeycombs, exposed rebars etc, shall
be stated in the final stages of completing form (i.e after striking the formwork) and sent
back to the site agent for his/her necessary action.

Mixing and placing of concrete

Production of concrete will be on the site by a batching plant (Simi 30m³/hour),
transported by self-loading DIECI 3.5m³ concrete mixer truck.
 From our experience, when pre-mixed concrete is transported over a distance of
10km, it loses its strength, quality, wetness and waste’s time. For this reason, a
batching plant will be located on site to help reduce these challenges and allow
more control on quality of ready-mixed concrete
• They shall be kept clean and in proper working order. The mixing blades in the drum
shall be replaced when worn to 10% of their design dimensions.
• Concrete mixing equipment shall be capable of combining the aggregate, cement,
admixture and water into a uniform mixture within the time limit specified
hereafter and of discharging this mixture without segregation. If more than one
liquid admixture is used, these shall be discharged separately into the batch. The
plant assembly shall be such as to facilitate the inspection of all operations at all
times.
• Components shall be fed into the mixing drum so as to ensure the most efficient use of
the mixing period and to avoid any loss of material.

Note: Uniformity in concrete consistency from batch to batch will be required.

• In no case shall the mixers be overloaded by more than their rated capacity
recommended by the manufacturer.
• Mixing is considered to have started when all solid materials are in the mixer drum,
provided that all the mixing water is introduced within one fourth of the mixing
time. The further addition of water shortly before completion of mixing and
excessive over-mixing, requiring addition of water to preserve the required
concrete consistency, shall be avoided.
• Mixing of concrete shall not commence without ensuring that the stocks of materials
are adequate, with a reasonable safety margin, for the completion of the particular
pour of concrete.
• Each mixer shall be equipped with a mechanically operated timing and signaling
device which will indicate and ensure the completion of the required mixing period
and will count the batches if possible. Otherwise, the QC personnel in-charge shall
do the tracking.
• Prior to any Permanent Works concreting, the batch team shall carry out a trial
concrete production run not exceeding 0.5m3.
• The QC team leader shall make all adjustments necessary to produce
concrete of the quality of the agreed trial mixes of each class.
Transport of concrete
• The method and facilities for concrete handling shall be selected by the Site agent
within the limitations of these Specifications, and shall be responsible for adequacy
and suitability of the transporting system. The time elapsing between mixing and
the initial set of the concrete shall be taken into consideration.
• The concrete transporting methods and facilities shall be such to prevent segregation
of coarse aggregate, excessive loss of slump, and loss of ingredients. All equipment
shall be kept clean and in good working condition.
• Concrete mixed in central stationary mixers and transported by equipment (eg head-
pans or wheelbarrows) other than truck mounted agitators, shall be placed within
30 minutes (of loading into the transport equipment) in its final position.
• The capacity of bucket haulers shall be of the concrete batch size or a multiple
thereof in order to prevent the splitting of batches. The dumping mechanism shall
permit discharge of small portion of concrete in one place. Buckets shall be capable
of prompt discharge of low-slump, lean-mix concrete with maximum aggregate size
to be used.
• If concrete is to be poured by tipping, chutes shall be used to keep it coherent, their
ends being placed just above the placing point. The slopes of chutes for conveying
fresh concrete shall be chosen so that the concrete with minimum water content
flows in a steady stream without segregating. Effective end control that will
produce a vertical drop and prevent segregation of ingredients shall be provided.

Ready mix from outside source

• Orders for ready mix concrete are acceptable provided a minimum of 48 hour notice
is given to the Operations Manager and the Procurement Manager prior to the
expected concrete pour.
• The requisition shall be very clear and concise using the requisition form. The
required class of concrete, slump, arrival time, and quantity shall be stated in the
requisition.
• Effective communication for the successive delivery of the ready mix concrete shall
be enforced at all times with the use of telephones and/or emails. A constant
update between the site needs and the suppliers’ batching team shall be
 maintained at all times. The telephone numbers of all drivers involved in the
delivery of the ready mix concrete shall be copied to the site agent.
• Transportation and delivery of ready mix concrete shall be planned to avoid peak
hours or days of traffic.
• The travel time for any ready mix concrete ordered shall not exceed 1hour from the
time of batching. Ordered ready mix concrete shall be discharged within 90mins
from the time of batching. Adequate measures shall be put in place to avoid mixer
trucks waiting for more than 15mins on site before discharge.
• Slump test shall be carried out on all batches upon arrival. Samples for cube testing
shall also be collected for each batch. Water shall not be added to any pre mix
concrete on arrival nor shall it be added during transport.
• Positive displacement pumping or other appropriate methods may be used to place
concrete where necessary.
• Concrete pumps and auxiliary equipment shall be in good condition and shall be
maintained as such throughout the duration of the work. Thorough washing down
of all parts that come in contact with concrete shall be performed after each
concreting operation.

Placing/pouring of concrete
• Concrete shall not be placed until all formwork, installation of embedded parts,
reinforcing steel, and surfaces against which concrete is to be cast have been
inspected in accordance with the Quality Control system (checklist form)
• All surfaces of forms and embedded items that have become encrusted with dried
material from concrete previously placed shall be cleaned of all such material
before the surrounding or adjacent concrete is placed.
• Concrete shall not be placed in any structure until all water entering the space to be
filled with concrete has been properly cut off or diverted by pipes, or by other means, and
carried out of the forms clear of the work. Water shall not be allowed to stand on any
concrete surface until it has settled on its own.
• Water flow over the concrete, which may injure the surface finish, will not be allowed.
• Where excavated surfaces which are to form the foundations for structural concrete,
are absorptive or likely to become otherwise unsuitable, or where shown on the
Drawings, the Subcontractor shall place a 'blinding course' consisting of a layer of
Class C10 or C15 concrete 50 to 100 mm thick, uniformly over the foundation such
that the upper surface is at grade elevation, EXCEPT otherwise stated in the design
specifications.
• Immediately before concreting, the forms and all other surfaces which will be in
contact with the fresh concrete shall be cleaned of all loose material and debris
including shavings, wood chips, sawdust, pieces of wire, nails, fragments of
hardened concrete and mortar. Clean-out holes which may be needed for this
purpose shall subsequently be securely closed in order to obtain the required
surface finish.
• The use of compressed air for cleaning will be allowed only if adequate precautions
are taken to avoid the deposition of suspended oil on construction joint surfaces,
reinforcement or other items which are to be bonded to concrete.
• The transporting and placing equipment shall be clean and in good condition,
adequate, and properly arranged to proceed with the placing without undue
delays. The number and condition of vibrators for use and standby shall be
ample for the requirements during placement. The lighting system shall be
sufficient to illuminate the inside of the forms when concrete is placed at
night.
• Concrete shall be carefully placed in position. Where dense reinforcement or
deep forms may cause segregation of concrete while placing, chutes shall be
used to prevent segregation. The free fall of concrete shall not exceed 3.0 m.
• Concrete shall be placed directly in its permanent position and shall not be
worked along the forms to that position.
• The addition of water into concrete after batching shall not be permitted.
• All concrete shall be placed in continuous approximately horizontal layers. The
thickness of the layers shall not exceed 40 cm for mass concrete, and 50 cm
for structural and all other concrete. Placement shall be carried out at such
a rate that no concrete surface can reach an initial set, before additional
concrete is placed thereon. Each layer shall be soft when a new layer is placed
upon it so that no seams or planes of weakness can form within the section,
and the two layers shall be made monolithic by penetration of vibrators. The
maximum height of pour shall not exceed 3.0m.
 • While being placed, each layer of concrete shall be compacted by mechanical
vibration to form a dense, homogeneous material free from voids. The
concrete shall be worked up hard against adjoining surfaces. Each concrete
layer shall be vibrated completely before another layer of concrete is placed
upon it.
• Vibration of concrete shall be carried out by means of immersion-type
vibrators, supplemented if necessary by external vibrators of suitable design
and capacity.
• Immersion vibrators shall penetrate the full depth of the layer and shall enter
the underlying layer so as to ensure proper integration of successive layers.
• They shall be inserted in a near-vertical position and at sufficiently close
intervals for long enough time to ensure proper compaction, and shall be
withdrawn slowly to prevent the formation of voids. The concrete shall be
vibrated until it presents a compact reflecting surface and the bubbles of
entrapped air cease to escape. Over-vibration causing segregation, surface
leakage through formwork shall be avoided.
• Vibrators shall be operated by experienced workers only. A spare vibrator of
the appropriate type and capacity shall be available and shall be tested to
ensure that it is working before concreting commences. At least one spare
vibrator shall be available at each concrete pour.
• The contractor shall take care to prevent formation of cold joints during
concrete placing in any part of the Works. The concrete-placing rate shall be
such that the concrete is placed while the previously placed adjacent
concrete is still plastic and the concrete can be made monolithic by normal
use of vibrators.
• We shall have protective coverings available for fresh concrete surfaces if
there is a possibility of rain.

Curing of concrete
Protection
• The Foreman shall ensure the Subcontractor protect all concrete against injury or
damage from excessive heat, lack of moisture, over-stress, or any other cause.
• Fresh concrete shall be protected from damage such as due to drying, sunshine, rain,
and traffic. The Subcontractor shall provide such protection while the concrete is
 still plastic and whenever such precipitation, either periodic or sustaining, is
imminent or occurring.
• Care shall be taken not to disturb the concrete by direct or indirectly loading, striking
of forms or otherwise, until it has hardened sufficiently.
• Construction loads shall not be allowed on beams, decks or slabs until the concrete
has attained its design strength, nor shall the site impose loads exceeding the
design loading.
• All fresh concrete surfaces shall be protected from contamination and from foot
traffic until the concrete has hardened.
• All concrete shall be moist cured for a period of not less than 7 consecutive days by
an approved method or combination of methods applicable to local conditions

Wet sack Curing

• Water used for curing shall meet the requirements of mixing water, free of
deleterious materials and substances that will stain or discolor the concrete.
• Water curing shall start as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently to
prevent damage by erosion and shall continue for the duration of the entire
curing period or until covered with fresh concrete. All surfaces shall be kept
continuously wet during curing.
• Water curing shall be carried out by following methods: Spraying or sprinkling by a
system of perforated pipes, lawn sprinklers, water hoses or by other approved
methods.
Covering the concrete surfaces with mats, or rugs (wet sack) which will hold water on
the surface either horizontal or vertical. The covering materials shall be kept
continuously water-saturated during the curing period.
Wet sand curing
Covering the horizontal finished surfaces with a minimum thickness of 30 mm of sand or
laterite (provided it does not stain the concrete), which shall be kept uniformly
distributed and continuously saturated during the curing period. This is usually
done for foundation bases and foundation beams.
Water proofing
• The materials shall conform to the applicable DIN Standards or British Standards or to
the Italian UNI.
• The materials shall be delivered in unbroken, unopened manufacturer’s containers
and stored in a dry area.
• The materials shall be delivered in sufficient quantities to allow continuity of work.
• Materials shall be non-combustible and shall not produce toxic fumes when exposed
to heat.
• The surfaces to be waterproofed shall be smooth and continuous.
• The surfaces must be free of dust, mud, resins, oils and any material that reduces the
bond with the waterproofing membrane.
• The surfaces must be perfectly dry, ideally.
• Bituminous waterproofing membrane with a minimum thickness of 3mm and
minimum weight of 3 Kg/m2 shall be hot applied.
• Minimum overlapping of the strips shall be of 10 cm.
• Where outlets are foreseen in the floor, the membrane must be turned up 20 cm on
the walls.
• The use of additives as water proofing material can also be used per the designer’s
specification. If this is used, the material (Xypex) is mixed with the concrete whilst being
prepared.

Basically, method and material to be used shall be dependent on the client and
consultants specifications or design specification.
Joints in Concrete Structures
Construction Joints
• Concreting shall be carried out continuously up to construction joints, the
arrangement and positions of which shall be as shown on the Drawings or as
approved by ENERGOPROJEKT. Also whenever concreting is forced to be
interrupted and placed concrete has become so hard that it does not permit the
entry of a vibrator, a new construction joint shall be formed conforming to these
Specifications.
• The position of certain construction joints shown on the Drawings as mandatory may
not be altered. The site may carry out joints at different locations of other
construction joints for reasons of concrete placement. Necessary rearrangement of
steel reinforcement arising from such modifications will follow.
• Construction joints shall be approximately horizontal or vertical. The joints shall
appear as straight lines, produced by a board fixed to the formwork, at exposed
faces.
• The surface of construction joints upon or against which new concrete is to be placed
and to which new concrete is to adhere shall be clean, rough, and free of water
when covered with fresh concrete. Loose or defective concrete and foreign
material shall be removed from the surface of existing concrete. The previous
concrete lift shall be saturated by water but surface dry when the successive lift is
placed.
• The surface of the hardened concrete shall be cleaned and roughened by wet-
sandblasting and washing thoroughly with air-water jet. Care shall be taken to
prevent undercutting of aggregate in the concrete during sandblasting.
• In lieu of wet-sandblasting, the Subcontractor may carry out high-pressure water
blasting utilizing pressures, provided that such high-pressure water blasting
produce equivalent results to those obtainable by wet-sandblasting.
• In the heavy concrete structures and mass concrete, the construction joint surface
shall receive layer of mortar approximately 10 mm thick immediately prior to
placing of the new lift. This mortar shall be composed of the same proportions as
those in the concrete with coarse aggregate omitted and shall have the same air
content, by volume.
• Concrete shall not be placed upon mortar which has dried out or become
contaminated by water, debris or other deleterious material. Mortar which has
been so contaminated or dried out shall be removed from the surface of the
construction joint, the surface shall be re-cleaned and a fresh layer of mortar spread
on the surface prior to placing of a new concrete lift.
• Where indicated on the Drawings, construction joints shall be formed with shear
keys.
• Where indicated on the Drawings, flexible PVC waterstop or any similar make and
type, shall be placed in construction joints.

Cold joints
• Cold joint is an unplanned joint which is the result of hardening of the concrete
surface before the next batch is placed against it. Cold joints are undesirable and
should be avoided. However, in the event of equipment breakdown, prolonged
heavy rainfall, or other unforeseen prolonged interruption, the continuous placing
may not be reasonable.
• When such event becomes apparent, and the unconsolidated concrete may harden
to the extent that later vibration would not fully consolidate it, the site
team/subcontractor shall immediately consolidate such concrete to a stable and
uniform slope.
• If delay in placement is short and it is still feasible to penetrate the underlying
concrete, placement shall resume with care to thoroughly penetrate and re-vibrate
the concrete surface placed before the delay.
• If the concrete cannot be penetrated with the vibrator, the cold joint shall be treated
as a construction joint, if the design requirements tolerate such joint. If such joint
would impair the structural integrity of the structure, the concrete, or a part of it,
shall be repaired or removed
Movement joints
• Movement joints in the concrete structures shall be constructed at such locations
and to such dimensions as shown on the Drawings or as necessary. The Site
manager shall ensure the supply through appropriate requisition procedures and
install the various joint components as specified herein, as shown on the Drawings
and in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
• Expansion joints are joints provided in concrete structures to prevent transfer of
forces from structure to structure or to accommodate volumetric changes due to
temperature rise.
Expansion joints may be comprised of the following elements:
 Flexible neoprene or PVC waterstop
 Concrete shear keys
  Expanded polystyrene joint filler (alternative: preformed expansion joint filler)
 Joint sealing compound

• Contraction joints are joints placed in concrete to provide for volumetric shrinkage
of a monolithic unit, or to allow movement between the units.

No bond between the concrete surfaces is acceptable. Contraction joints may be

comprised of the following elements:
 Flexible PVC waterstop
 Concrete shear keys
Concrete Testing
• Concrete tests shall be done after every 50m³ of concrete cast, unless otherwise
instructed in writing by the consultants or the client. Tests may also been done on
sensitive areas of the project.
• Cube tests shall be done by an external certified company, with the right accreditation
for cube testing.
• Cube samples shall be taken from the batches that are supposed to be tested and placed
in molds with the area written on each cube, they are then sent to the lab for testing, 3
cubes after 7days and the other 3 after 28days since the concrete pour.
•Slump tests shall also be carried out periodically or when instructed
•Test results are made available to the Material consultant for interpretation.

Steps to be taken in case concrete strength is not attained

• When the results of the tests carried out do not comply with the specifications, one
or more of the following measures are taken:
• Information on the failed test should be made notice to the Project manager,
Structural consultants and the material consultants
• Extraction of a sufficient number of concrete samples (core taken with the rotary
drilling method) from the structure for which a compressive test, or group of
compressive tests, have given unsatisfactory results.
 These samples shall be taken and tested according to ASTM C 42 or equivalent BS
codes.
• Performance of load tests, where possible, on the structure whose compression tests
were found unsatisfactory.
• If, after carrying out such investigations, it is proven that the concrete in the structure
is not of the specified quality, the Site team shall undertake adequate measures
such as strengthening or replacement of that part of the entire volume of hardened
concrete represented by the test failure. This activity shall not be carried out until
a thorough investigation is carried out.

Backfilling
Specification of fill material
• Suppliers of fill material shall be sort with the appropriate specification.
• The Project manager shall insist on having samples of the proposed fill material from
the supplier prior to the operations of filling and/or backfilling. Once the sample is
approved, site manager shall ensure that, all materials delivered are comparatively the
same as the approved sample
• Site manager shall make available samples of the fill material for appropriate test
deemed necessary by the consulting materials engineer. For projects under the design
and supervision of external consultants, fill material shall be approved in writing by the
consultants or consultant’s rep. Any discrepancies in the material observed shall be
reported so that tests on the new material would be done or material would be
rejected.
Delivery & Control of Fill Material
• Imported fill material shall be delivered with a clearly written waybill confirming the
source and quantity. The truck, waybill and delivery team shall be inspected at the
main entrance by Security personnel and subsequently handed over to storekeeper
when they are cleared. The quantity shall be cross checked on arrival and entered
appropriately. Any discrepancy with regards to quantity shall be reported
immediately to Site manager for necessary action. Such materials shall not be off
loaded until an amicable explanation is found.
• The distribution and gradation of fill material shall be such that the finished backfill
is free from lenses, pockets, streaks or layers of material differing substantially in
texture or gradation from the surrounding material. Backfill material shall include
no organic matters.
• Traffic over the fill shall be adequately controlled to avoid rutting or disturbing the
placed backfill. Each load of material shall be placed in such a way as to achieve the
best practicable distribution of material.
• The operation of trucks and heavy equipment shall be restricted near buildings, walls,
piers and other facilities to avoid damage to any permanent structure.
• Backfill shall be placed in proper sequences so that no differential earth pressure
occurs on footings, pipes and other structures.
• We shall maintain and protect the finished fill in satisfactory conditions at all times
until completion and acceptance of the works. After filling operations have been
finished and before final grading, we shall slope the surfaces to prevent ponding of
water if necessary.
Compaction of Fill Material
• The Subcontractor or site team shall place and compact fill and backfill of the
specified type to the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Drawings.
• Any material which is objectionable or inadequate shall be removed. If the
compacted surface of any layer of material is determined to be too smooth and
impermeable to bond properly with the succeeding layer, it shall be loosened by
harrowing or by other approved method before the succeeding layer is placed
thereon.
• Backfilling adjacent to concrete structures one meter or more in height shall not
commence until 7 days after concrete placement. Backfilling may commence earlier
than 7 days provided that Site engineer and the consultant establishes a safe
stability of the structure based on actual
• Prior to backfilling, forms shall be removed and the area cleaned of all waste and
debris.
• Reasonably well graded sand and gravel or selected materials as indicated in the
Drawings specs, shall be used for backfilling of trenches for pipes, cables, ducts,
bedding for ditches etc. The material shall be spread in layers of 30 cm and
compacted by approved compaction equipment.
• Compaction around tie beams shall be undertaken with great care and attention to
ensure that the beams are not displaced relatively.
• Free-draining backfill material shall consist of a well graded gravel or cobbles with
particle size ranging from 25 to 76 mm (except otherwise stated) with a maximum
of 3% by weight passing US Standard Sieve No. 200 (0.075 mm).
• Free-draining backfill shall be placed moist in layers not exceeding 35 cm, after
compaction. It shall be compacted to 70% relative density as defined in ASTM Test
Method D 4254.
• Where backfill has to be placed adjacent to structures or in other restricted areas, it
shall be compacted by mechanical tampers or other suitable methods
• Random fill and backfill shall consist of earth and crush material. Earth fill shall be
placed and compacted in horizontal layers of 30cm while the crush material shall
be compacted in horizontal layers of 50 cm maximum.
• The moisture content prior to and during compaction of the earth fill shall be near
the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) distributed evenly throughout each layer of
material.
 • Random fill and backfill shall be compacted to at least 95% of the standard Proctor
density in accordance with ASTM Test Method D 698 or with the core cutter
method according to BS 1377; part 9.
• Final compacted backfill interfaces, shall be kept clean at all times free of oils, refuse,
and washouts.

Backfill Tests
Testing shall be done on backfills. Tests to be done shall be specified by the
Geotechnical Consultant.
These tests shall be done by a Certified Standard Boards Accredited company.
Results shall be reviewed by the Material Consultant.
Tests shall be done as and when requested by the Consultants. For Quality Assurance
purposes, ENERGOPROJEKT shall carry out its own tests randomly too.
 SUPER STRUCTURE

Masonry (Block work)

Confirm Specification & Schedules of Masonry Units
• Commencement of masonry activities shall be preceded by a detailed check of all
drawings relating to block partitions and prepare a schedule of the various types
of the masonry blocks. Any discrepancies with regards to classification (masonry
units) on drawings and the classification (masonry units) in BOQ shall be
communicated officially by the Quantity surveyor to the appropriate authorities.
• Blocks used shall be as per design specification. Tests shall be done on the blocks and
the results made available to the material and structural consultants. At all times,
blocks to be delivered to various sites shall not be less than 28 days old at the time
of laying.
• Quantity of blocks needed shall be extracted from the drawings and then
crosschecked against the BOQ before orders are placed.

Delivery and storage of blocks

• Site manager shall ensure the site is kept clean and tidy to ensure checking, handling
and storage of materials and components can be carried out speedily and effectively.
Unloading of blocks by tipping shall not be allowed.
• Site manager shall have a check system on his/her project site to ensure the checking
of delivery waybills and certificates against specification. Examine marks, labels and the
condition of materials and components and report any issues to the Operations
Manager immediately. The checks shall also include ensuring the materials are clean and
are not damaged or unduly wet. The risk of unacceptable shrinkage cracking, particularly
with concrete block masonry is greater when units have been wetted unnecessarily
because of lack of protection or deliberate wetting.
• Site manager shall put in a mechanism to ensure masonry units are unloaded with
care, either by machine or by hand to minimize chipping and breakage
 Setting out of Block work layout
• setting out the plan layout first with a marker and mason lines based on the
dimensions stated on the drawings.
• Set out masonry relative to securely marked or pegged reference lines and datum
levels using appropriate serviceable equipment. Squares should be checked with
diagonal measurements or a builder’s square. Securely fix any datum and profile
marks. Leave datum level points in position so that a gauge rod can be used for
coursing other heights such openings, storey and string courses.
• A dry course of masonry units without mortar joints and mortar bedding shall be laid
based on the marked setting out above.
• Surveyor shall cross check all the dimensions, positions of masonry boundaries,
positions of openings, dimensions of clear openings and the block type. The results
shall be entered directly into a corresponding A3 copy of the drawing of floor area
in question.

Masonry works
Masonry works includes all activities involved in the block laying process, from
preparation and application of the mortar to the laying and control of the blocks
(concrete or sandcrete).
Mortar
• Mortar shall be prepared with clean sand of acceptable texture. The maximum grain
diameter shall not be bigger than one quarter of the joint thickness. The sand used shall
have adequate granulometric grading (according to ASTM Standards).
• The mortar shall be prepared in a mixer or by hand and shall be transported to its
place of use immediately after mixing. Mortar in which the initial set has commenced
shall not be reworked, and the addition of more water at the place of use will not be
permitted.
• Where mixing by machine, load about three-quarters of the sand or premixed sand
mixtures and water. While mixing, gradually add cement and continue mixing.
Load the reminder of sand and further water to achieve required workability.
Alternatively, add half the water to the mixer followed by all the cement and all
the sand in that order. Add the final quantity of water to achieve the correct
workability.
• Where mixing by hand, mix the cement with sand before adding water until the color
is consistent. Add and thoroughly mix about three-quarters of the required amount
of water. Then add further water and mix to achieve the required workability.
• Mortars shall be used within a maximum of 1.5hrs of mixing.
• The mixing water shall have a temperature above 15°C and be free of noxious
materials, particularly organic components. The mortar shall be well mixed and
shall have high water imperviousness.
• The mortar for masonry shall be mixed using the following composition:
 1 part by volume of cement
 3 to 4 parts by volume of sand 0-2 mm or as otherwise specified. Generally, the
site can batch mix to obtain adequate workability.

Blocks (Hollow and Solid)

• All blocks shall be done from the ENERGOPROJEKT head office and shall be of the
highest quality and standard, blocks may be bought if it is of a special material or
there is a conflict of interest with the Client. The characteristic strength of the
blocks shall be not less than 20 kg/cm2.
• All blocks shall be off-loaded and handled with care, as the use of damaged blocks
will not be permitted.
• Blockwork shall be protected during their fabrication and subsequently for adequate
curing time, to prevent exposure to direct sunlight and rainfall. The bottom of
stacks shall be protected from becoming wet from ground moisture.
• All exposed corners shall be protected by planks, or similar means, against damage
during construction.
• Lintels and sills shall be made of reinforced concrete or shall consist of precast
reinforced concrete elements as shown on the Drawings, which shall be supplied
and built into blockwork as the work proceeds.
 Mortar joints
• Different kinds of masonry-bonds shall be applied as specified in the Drawings.
• The horizontal joints, having a width of 1.5 cm, shall be stretched horizontally
through the whole masonry. Deviation shall not exceed 5 mm per each longitudinal
meter. Stretchers and headers shall be regularly alternated in the masonry face.
• The vertical joints, having a width of 1.0 cm, must be extended over the entire length
of the masonry within the same course. Deviations from the vertical shall not
exceed 4 mm per each vertical of 2.5 m.
• With regard to exposed masonry the following mortar joint finishes may be applied:
 Joint mortar surface level plain to the masonry surface.
 Convex surface mortar joints made by an appropriate pointing tool.
 Inclined joint surface in the horizontal joints with the upper coarse hanging over
("weather joints").
The pointing of the joints and the progress of the masonry work shall be carried
out simultaneously.

Block-laying
• Spread a layer of mortar called a mortar bed as the footer. Anticipate the position of
openings, etc. in the starting course prior to carrying out work to avoid unnecessary
cutting and adjustment of masonry units at a later stage which can lead to incorrect or
uneven bonding.
• Position the block on the mortar bed so that it’s outside corner rests where the
outside corner of the wall should be (refer to architectural plan drawings). Level the
block by first placing the level across the block and then lengthwise along the block.
• Turn several stretcher blocks on end and apply mortar to the ears with a wiping or
swiping stroke of the trowel.
• Lay several stretcher blocks in place by working away from the end or corner block.
Use the end of the trowel handle to tap the block until each block is plumb, level,
and the course is straight.
• Apply a mortar bed on top of the first course in preparation for the second course.
• As the block laying progresses, cut off excess mortar with the trowel.
 • Use a line to keep the courses straight. The line is positioned to be level along the
top of the block.
• When a block must be cut, use a mason’s hammer and make multiple strikes along
the line to cut; then make one sharp strike on the web.
• Check the height to be sure each new course is an additional 8inches high or the same
in a particular line of course.
• After the mortar dries and hardens slightly, finish the joints by rubbing it with a
broken piece of block. This is necessary to avert future cracks in the mortar joint
locations.
• If a joint other than a flush joint is desired, use a jointer to compress the mortar and
create a watertight joint. Discuss with Site manager and get tools available to
create joints that are concave, v-shape, flush or raked.
• All blockwork shall be bedded in horizontal courses, no one portion being raised
more than 1.0 metre above another at a time. The work shall be straight, true,
plumb and uniform in appearance.
• The top of unfinished walls shall be wetted before work is recommenced. All blocks
shall be buttered with mortar before laying and all joints shall be thoroughly flushed
up as the work proceeds. Do not wet concrete masonry units before laying. Where
necessary adjust the consistency of the mortar to suit the suction rate of the units.
• The joints in all block work which is to be plastered shall be raked out to a
depth of 2 cm to form a key for the plaster.
• Block work of more than 3m high should have an RC concrete beam in the
middle. The width of the concrete beam shall be the same as the width of
the block.
• Not more than five courses of blockwork shall be laid within 24 hours.
Reasonable time should be given to allow the first five (maximum) courses
to set and achieve appreciable firmness before subsequent courses are
added.
• Blockwalls spanning more than 3m shall incorporate reinforcement within the
voids of the units at a specified interval and filled with concrete.
Monitor & Control Block-laying
• Lay units with care so that the finished work has a clean and even surface with the
joints consistent in width and profile and with the perpend joints in vertical
alignment.
• Only cut masonry units where necessary for the correct bond. Make good any holes,
such as those for scaffold members and cavity cleaning, with matching mortar and
matching masonry units.
• Keep face work clean and free from staining at all times. Protect masonry adjacent
to scaffold boards from rain splashes.
• Provide temporary protection for projecting bands and plinths while the remainder
of the wall above is completed.
• Protect built-in windows and doors from mortar staining by mortar droppings.
• Provide protection where in situ concrete work is being executed in close proximity
to finished facing work.
• When movement joints are not specified, bond or tie all wall junctions in accordance
with a) fully bond the two walls at angles, b) bond or tie intersecting walls as
specified. The Site manager shall ensure appropriate instructions are obtained if
no requirement is specified.
• Type of scaffold (putlog or independent) is to be agreed. Putlog scaffolding, which is
supported by the wall as it rises, will leave holes which should be made good with
matching mortar at completion. There is a risk of damage as putlogs are removed.

Sills, Copings and Built-Ins

• Hollow blocks supporting lintels, sills, copings and caps shall be in-filled with concrete
in the entire void.
• Where doors or windows are not built-in as the work proceeds from the openings
accurately in the walls by using templates. Correctly position frame fixings and
securely fix to the walls.
• The number and position of chases and holes should be in accordance with the
specification. Chases and holes for services should be cut neatly.
 • Chases should not be cut in any block masonry that is less than 75mm thick. A
minimum of 20mm thickness between the bottom of the chase and the void for
hollow units shall be maintained unless recommended by the manufacturer.
• There shall be no cut exceeding 300mm wide in walls unless a suitable lintel has been
specified.
• Do not cut horizontal or raking chases in solid walls to a depth greater than one-sixth of
the thickness of the leaf.
• Do not cut vertical chases to a depth exceeding one-third the thickness of the single
leaf in solid walls.
• Offset chases on either side of a wall by a distance at least equal to the wall thickness.
Ensure that chases back-to-back in line do not exceed the dimensional restrictions
above.
• Inappropriate chasing carried out not in accordance with the specification might
adversely affect one or more of the functional requirements and serviceability of
the wall eg. Loadbearing capacity, cracks etc.

Damp Proofing Course (DPC)

A DPC in a building is intended to provide a barrier to the passage of water from the
exterior of the building to the interior, from the ground to the structure or from
one part of the structure to another. A DPC should extend through the full thickness
of the wall or leaf and preferably project beyond the external face.
• In every external wall, a DPC should be provided to at least 150mm above the
finished level of the external ground or paving.
• Where the lowest floor of a building is below ground level, horizontal and vertical
damp-proof membranes and DPCs are required with continuity between them.
• DPCs shall be bed on mortar. Lay DPCs in continuous lengths for the full widths of
the leaf, with 100mm minimum laps in runs and with full laps at angles
Electrical First Fix
The electrical first fix consists of all aspects of an electrical installation which are carried
out before the building is finished. First fix typically includes setting out, chasing, cable
routing, conduit and sleeve installation, junction boxes for switches & sockets, cable
trays and baskets, cable pulling and labeling, etc. Electrical installations shall generally
conform to the European standards BS 7671:2001 – Information Technology, Cable
Installation, Installation planning and practices inside buildings which details the
considerations for satisfactory installation and operation of cabling and it takes account
of the effects other cabling systems may have on the installation of information
technology cabling (and vice versa) and gives general advice. A copy of this standard
shall be used to monitor and advise on the specifications for installation.
The BS 7671:2001standard contains: Scope and conformance; Normative references;
Terms, definitions and abbreviations; Requirements for planning installations of cabling;
Safety; Documentation; Pathway systems; Cable management systems; Closures; Cabling;
Requirements for the installation of cabling; Safety; Documentation; Installation practice;
Surge protective devices; Labelling; Testing; Contractual acceptance; Segregation of
metallic information technology cabling and mains power cabling; Electricity distribution
systems and lightning protection; Electricity distribution systems; Protection against
lightning and induced over-voltages; Office (commercial) premises; Office (commercial)
premises cabling design overview; Requirements for planning installations of information
technology cabling; Requirements for installers of information technology cabling;
Segregation of metallic information technology cabling and mains power cabling;
Industrial premises; Industrial premises cabling design overview; Requirements for
planning installations of information technology cabling; Requirements for installers of
information technology cabling; Segregation of metallic information technology cabling
and mains power cabling EMC and protection; Coupling mechanisms and
countermeasures; The EMC concept; Filtering and electrical isolation components and
surge protective devices; Application of responsibilities; Bibliography;
 Obtain Latest Drawings and Specification
• Prior to starting any electrical first fix, Quality control officer shall seek confirmation
from the electrical Engineer that the following drawings are on site and that these
drawings are the most current:
 Electrical Services floor plan drawing for the relevant areas (showing the numbers
and positions of sockets, switches, light points, AC points, appliances, data points,
TV points)
 Lighting floor plan drawing for the relevant areas (showing light positions, smoke
detectors and alarms, speakers, etc) – some cases this may be the same drawing as
the first bullet point
 Reflected ceiling floor plans (these are important as they confirm the ceiling type
in the various areas and also provide the required information to aid setting out of
conduits and light positions)
 Product specifications for electrical fittings which have been approved
 Elevation drawings for fit-out areas e.g. kitchens
 The standard Electrical drawing showing the heights of sockets, switches, air-
conditioning, etc
• If the electrical subcontractor discovers any discrepancies in the drawing he shall notify
Site manager immediately who shall request clarification from the Project manager and
electrical consultant.
 Confirm Final Fixtures
• Prior to commencing with the first fix, the brands and models of electrical fixtures and
fittings should have been agreed and approved by the Client through the representatives
or the consultant.
• Fixtures and Fittings which need to be approved by the Client shall typically include the
following:
 Electrical Sockets
 Data Sockets
 TV Sockets
 Light Switches
 AC Switches
 Heater/Boiler and Oven Switches
 Lights and Lamp Fittings
 Electrical Boilers
Other Electrical Appliances to be supplied under the contract
• The purpose of having both samples and product specification sheets on the site is
to allow the first fix subcontractors access to the relevant samples and product
specifications to ensure that their first fix installations are coordinated with the
final fixtures.

Electrical and mechanical works are usually subcontracted, hence the selected
companies after winning the tender for such works shall provide their respective
method statements. ENERGOPROJEKT, makes sure that they comply with BS codes
and the Standards Board requirements. If this is not done, they are reported to the
consultants and the client for a decision to be taken on them.
Such companies also try to fuse their Program of Works with that of ENERGOPROJEKT,
so that works are not delayed.
Rough in Conduits before Screeding
• No ‘roughing in’ or chiseling shall be done until the e formal request to do so has been
signed off by the structural consultant
• In most cases, with conduits on the floors there should be no requirement to cut or
chisel out any parts of the concrete floor slab
• If, however, there is a requirement to cut back any sections of the concrete slab, then
the electrical subcontractor shall clearly mark out the locations on the slab and ask
for approval.
• If the work just requires minor cutting to the top of the slab then the site manager
shall allow the electrical contractor to proceed (e.g. when service conduits cross
over each other and the combined height may compromise the integrity of the
screed)
• If the work requires a penetration through the slab Site manager shall obtain
approval from Structural consultant and then instruct the civil works
subcontractor to undertake the works
• If there is a requirement to cut any reinforcement Site manager shall seek
approval from Structural consultant
• The subcontractor shall then place conduits in position on the floor slab in
accordance with the approved routing and install a draw wire in the conduits
(the draw wire shall be of suitable material such that it does not corrode
when it is required to pull wires)
• The following guidance shall be used in selecting the size of conduit to be used
 20mm for normal lighting circuits or otherwise specified.
 20mm for normal socket outlet circuit or otherwise specified.
 20mm for air-condition outlet circuits or otherwise specified.
2
 25mm for 3-phase socket outlets using 6mm cable.
2
 Separate 20mm conduit pipes each for telephone, data and TV – for these
conduits local flexible conduit should not be used
• Once the conduits are in position the electrical subcontractor shall protect the
conduit with a mortar/screed fillet covering the conduits by approximately
20mm on all sides. The mortar or screed to use in covering these conduits
shall be obtained from the civil subcontractor
• Once all floor conduits have been placed in accordance with the above bullet
points, then the electrical contractor shall mark-up the positions of conduit
 runs on his own copy of the electrical plan drawings for future use in the
preparation of the as-built drawings.
Rough in Conduits before Plastering
• The electrical subcontractor shall use a grinding machine to cut the two sides of the
routing/chase in the block work before creating the conduit channel
• The chase/ channel shall generally be not more than 10-15mm larger than the
conduit size on all sides of the channel
• Vertical conduit runs shall be checked to ensure that they terminate within the
screed at the lower level and within the ceiling void at the upper level (i.e. a
minimum of 150mm above the finished ceiling level (FCL)
• The subcontractor shall then place conduits in position within the channel in
accordance with the approved routing and install a draw wire in the conduits
(the draw wire shall be of suitable material such that it does not corrode
when it is required to pull wires)
• The conduits shall be held in position with the application of mortar plug at a
spacing of 1 to 1.5m –NOTE that the filling of the chased recess with mortar
is NOT the responsibility of the electrical subcontractor. These works shall be
undertaken with by the Civil Subcontractor using the appropriate mesh and
mortar mix.
• The following guidance shall be used in selecting the size of conduit to be used
 20mm for normal lighting circuits or otherwise specified.
 20mm for normal socket outlet circuit or otherwise specified.
 20mm for air-condition outlet circuits or otherwise specified.
2
 25mm for 3-phase socket outlets using 6mm cable.
2
 Separate 20mm conduit pipes each for telephone, data and TV - for these
conduits local flexible conduit should not be used
• Once all wall conduits have been placed in accordance with the above bullet
points, then the electrical contractor shall mark-up the positions of conduit
runs on his own copy of the electrical plan drawings for future use in the
preparation of the as-built drawings.
Check Positioning of Electrical Outlet Point Boxes
• The number and positions of electrical junction boxes and outlet points shall be as
per the drawings
• When fixing junction boxes and switch boxes the subcontractor shall ensure that the
boxes are placed such that they are
i) level (to be checked with a spirit level)
ii) that the front edge of the box protrudes beyond the block wall face to the line
of the proposed plastering (as defined by the plaster gauges set out on the
walls)

Termination Point of Electrical Conduits

• Vertical conduit runs shall be checked to ensure that they terminate within the
screed at the lower level and within the ceiling void at the upper level (i.e. a
minimum of 150mm above the finished ceiling level (FCL)
• Junction boxes and light socket positions shall be appropriately covered with
paper or plastic before any screeding or plastering starts so as to prevent any
mortar from entering and blocking the conduits
Checklist and Certification of First Fix
When first fix is completed, ENERGOPROJEKT shall check the following, this can be
done with the help of the Electrical consultant.
 Cross check the positions of the final fixtures and fittings with respect to the
quantity, type and location shown on the drawings
 Cross check the heights of the junction box positions with respect to the finished
floor Level to ensure compliance
 Cross check the protrusion of the junction boxes from the walls/floors to ensure
that they will be ‘flush’ with the plastering/screeding
 Cross check that the cables and wiring are correct and in place and have been
correctly labeled and if wiring is not complete ensure that draw wires are in place
and are functioning properly
 Cross check that junction boxes are properly covered up to prevent mortar
accessing
 Cross check looping and switching to ensure that it complies with the drawings
• Only once this inspection form has been signed off shall subsequent plastering
and screeding activities commence. This is a hold or control point for
construction activities in this area and MUST be complied with.
 Plumbing First Fix
The plumbing first fix consists of all aspects of the plumbing installation which
are carried out before the building finishing installations are installed. First
fix typically includes setting out, chasing, water pipe installations, waste pipe
installations, sewer pipe installations, any pipe isolation activities, concealed
valve installations, gravity tests on gravity pipes (i.e. sewer and waste) &
pressure tests on water pipes, etc. It excludes final sanitary ware fittings and
fixtures, as well as final terminations and testing and commissioning of the
plumbing appliances which is covered under second fix
Plumbing first fix installations however plumbing installations shall generally conform
to the British Standards BS6700 and BS 8000 parts 13 and 15. Site engineer shall
hold a copy of this standard to monitor and advise on the specifications for
installation.

Latest Approved Drawings and Specifications

• Before starting any plumbing first fix, Quality control officer shall seek confirmation
from Mechanical consultant that the following drawings are on site and that these
drawings are the most current:
 Plumbing/mechanical services floor plans, sections and typical detail drawings for
the relevant areas (showing the positions of hot & cold water pipes, sewer pipes,
waste pipes, valve and metering locations and the numbers and positions of
sanitary ware fittings and fixtures)
 Detailed setting out architectural plans and sections of washrooms and kitchens
which should show the necessary setting out information for all plumbing fixtures
and fittings
 General specifications for pipe works (i.e. pipe size and material specification which
may be stated on the drawings referred to above)
 Product specifications for sanitary ware fittings which have been approved
including installation instructions and detailed drawings of the sanitary ware (in
particular the locations of interface between the external fitting and the pipe
connection fixed into the wall)
• Three copies of these updated drawings shall already be available on the site and
should be distributed as follows:
Plumbing Subcontractor – one copy
Site Quantity Surveyor /Quality Control – one copy
Site Supervisor /Mechanical Engineer – one copy
• Once all drawings are on the site Mechanical Engineer shall undertake a final
coordination review of the drawings with Quality control officer before
allowing the setting out works to commence.
• If the plumbing subcontractor discovers any discrepancies in the drawing he
shall notify Site manager immediately who shall request clarification from
the Project manager and the Mechanical engineer
 Confirm Final Fix Sanitary ware & Brass ware
• Prior to commencing with the first fix, the brands and models of sanitary ware
and brass ware fixtures and fittings should have been agreed and approved
by the Client.
• Fixtures and Fittings which need to be approved by the Client shall typically
include the following:
 Water Closets (WCs)
 Wash Hand Basins
 Baths and Showers
 Sinks
 Taps and Faucets for showers, wash hand basins and sinks
 Boilers and geysers
 Stop cocks
 Visible Valves including pressure releasing valves
 Washroom accessories (i.e. toilet roll holders, towel rails, mirrors,
etc)
 Other ‘Front of House Plumbing Appliances’ to be supplied under
the contract
When the client decides on these items, the subcontractor is made away so they can make
any necessary adjustments to conform with the clients choices.
• The purpose of having both samples and product specification sheets on the site is
to allow the first fix subcontractors access to the relevant samples and product
specifications to ensure that their first fix installations are fully coordinated with
the final fixtures.
Fixing of Cold Water Pipes
• The proposed positions of cold water pipes as marked out in the setting-out above
shall be approved by the Mechanical Engineer and the Site manager and this
consent shall be recorded
• Site Manager shall be present at this approval of water line positions for two reasons
as follows:
 To approve or re-route any water line positions that require chasing to one or more
structural concrete elements (However, no structural member shall be touched
until a written approval is received from the structural consultant)
 To ensure that water line positions will not compromise future finishing
installations such as ceilings and tile installation
• Prior to installation the subcontractor shall ensure that pipes and fittings supplied are
in accordance with the stated specification
o Water pipes/lines shall be installed in accordance with the drawings and
specification but particular attention should be paid to the following:
 Pipes should be located such that there is future access in the case of maintenance
(concreting in of pipes should be avoided)
 Pipes through concrete walls should be isolated with a sleeve or plastic/DPC
surround to allow differential movement and in a worst case scenario pipe removal
 Valves shall be located in suitably accessible positions.
 Pipes should be properly supported with standard pipe brackets
• As far as possible pipes shall be grouped together and follow the shortest route
while observing the guidance in the previous bullet point
• No ‘roughing in’ or chasing shall be done until it has been approved by both
the Structural and the Mechanical consultants
• In most cases, with pipes on the floors there should be no requirement to cut or
chase out any parts of the concrete floor slab
• If, however, there is a requirement to cut back any sections of the concrete slab, then
the plumbing subcontractor shall clearly mark out the locations on the slab and let
the Site manager be aware of this.
• If the work just requires minor cutting to the top of the slab then Site manager
shall allow the plumbing contractor to proceed (e.g. when water pipes cross
 over each other and the combined height may compromise the integrity of
the screed)
• If the work requires a penetration through the slab or any reinforcement Site
manager shall obtain approval from Structural Consultant before instructing
the civil works subcontractor to undertake the works
• The subcontractor shall then place pipes in position on the floor slab in accordance
with the approved routing. Under no heat welding is the specified method of
connecting fittings
• All pipes connections shall be adequately anchored to prevent movement but
connections should also be left temporarily exposed until the pressure testing is
complete and approved (i.e. there are no visible leaks)
• All pipes (particularly HDPE systems) must be isolated from the concrete/screed using
brown paper (or similar) to allow longitudinal expansion and contraction.
• Once the pipes are in position the plumbing subcontractor shall protect the pipe with
a mortar/screed fillet covering the pipe by approximately 20mm on all sides. The
mortar or screed to use in covering these pipes shall be obtained from the civil
subcontractor
• Once all pipes have been placed in accordance with the above bullet points, then the
plumbing contractor shall mark-up the positions of pipes, valve, tees, reducers and
other junctions on his own copy of the electrical plan drawings for future use in the
preparation of the as-built drawings.

.
Fixing of Hot Water Pipes
• The procedure for fixing hot water pipes shall be as per that described for
‘fixing cold water pipes’ as above however pipe specification and isolation
are as stated in the next two bullet points
• Prior to installation the subcontractor shall ensure that pipes and fittings
supplied are in accordance with the stated specification
• All pipe connections shall use the appropriate fitting and be adequately
anchored to prevent movement but connections should also be left
temporarily exposed until the pressure testing is complete and approved (i.e.
there are no visible leaks)
• All copper pipes must be isolated from the concrete/screed using brown paper
(or similar) to allow longitudinal expansion and contraction and prevent the
chemical attack from the cement with the copper.
• Once all pipes have been placed in accordance with the above bullet points,
then the plumbing contractor shall mark-up the positions of pipes, valve,
tees, reducers and other junctions on his own copy of the electrical plan
drawings for future use in the preparation of the as-built drawings.

Termination Points of Pipes

• Vertical pipe runs shall be checked to ensure that they terminate within the
screed at the lower level and within the ceiling void at the upper level (i.e. a
minimum of 150mm above the finished ceiling level (FCL)
• Open pipe ends shall be appropriately covered with paper and duct tape or
proprietary plastic stop end plastic before any screeding or plastering starts
so as to prevent any mortar from entering and blocking the pipes
• Pipe fittings which are protruding from the wall and are intended for
connection to exposed appliances shall be checked for ‘flushness’ with the
wall (i.e. they are not protruding from the wall) and to make sure that they
are square and level with the wall (i.e. so that the appliance or pipe to be
connected protrudes from the wall square and level at 90 degrees on all sides
• Pipe jointing shall be done in accordance with the required specification for the
specified material.
 Checklist and Certification of First Fix (Pressure Test)
• The subcontractor shall notify the Mechanical Consultant when the plumbing first fix
in an area is complete and ready for inspection
• An installation inspection form shall be completed during this final inspection and
certification of first fix and shall be signed off by the Mechanical consultant
• The inspection shall generally target the following aspects of the first fix installation:
 Undertake the necessary pressure testing of the pipe lines and fittings to ensure
that there are no leaks. The pressures should be applied for 24 hours and should
be as a minimum the working pressures and as a maximum the material test
pressures.
 Cross check the positions of the final fixtures and fittings with respect to the
quantity, type and location shown on the drawings
 Cross check the heights and positions of the pipe connections with respect to the
FFL to ensure that the interface between these and the final fixture/appliances is
correct
 Cross check the protrusion and square of the fittings from the walls/floors to ensure
that they will be ‘flush’ with the plastering/screeding/tiling and that the final
appliance can be installed correctly (in this case it is recommended to use a sample
of the final fixture to test that this is the case)
 Cross check that open pipe ends are properly covered up to prevent mortar
accessing
 Cross check pipe routing to ensure that it complies with the drawings and that any
variations have been captured on the marked up as-built drawing
Only when the inspection has been signed off by the consultant can the Site manager
proceed with screeding and plastering.
 Air-conditioning First Fix
The air-conditioning first fix consists of all aspects of an air condition installation which
are carried out before the building finishing installations are installed. First fix typically
includes setting out, chasing, cable routing, conduit and sleeve installation, junction
boxes for switches, cable pulling and labeling, drainage pipe installation, cooling pipes
installation, insulation, etc

Confirm Final fixtures

• Prior to commencing with the first fix, the brands and models of air condition
fixtures and fittings should have been agreed and approved by the Client.
Fixtures and Fittings which need to be approved by the Employer shall typically
include the following:
 AC Switches
 Cassette Units
 Condensers and/or fan coil units
 Diffusers and Grills if Required
 Extract Fans
 Other Electrical Appliances to be supplied under the contract

Fixing of Conduits
• Generally the fixing of conduits relating to the electrical supply will be
undertaken by the electrical subcontractor.

Fixing of Drainage Pipes

• Drainage pipes shall be installed in accordance with the procedures set out for
plumbing fixes
• The minimum size of a drainage pipe shall be 20mm diameter and if not otherwise
specified on the drawings shall be PVC class B. Jointing shall be done with the
approved solvent glue and under no circumstances shall heat be used to deform
these drainage pipes.
• The drainage pipes for air-condition systems shall be distinct and separate from other
drainage systems
• Under no circumstance shall air conditioning drainage pipes shall be connected up
to Soil Pipe Systems.
• Only under certain circumstances shall Waste Systems be used as outlets for air
condition drainage

Termination Point of Pipes

o Immediately after installed pipes, both ends of liquid and suction pipes must
be sealed to prevent foreign material from entering
o Vertical pipe runs shall be checked to ensure that they terminate within the
screed at the lower level and within the ceiling void at the upper level (i.e. a
minimum of 150mm above the finished ceiling level (FCL)
o Open condensate drainage pipe ends shall be appropriately covered with
paper and duct tape or proprietary plastic stop end plastic before any
screeding or plastering starts so as to prevent any mortar from entering and
blocking the pipes
o Pipe fittings which are protruding from the wall and are intended for
connection to exposed appliances shall be checked for ‘flushness’ with the
wall (i.e. they are not protruding from the wall) and to make sure that they
are square and level with the wall (i.e. so that the appliance or pipe to be
connected protrudes from the wall square and level at 90 degrees on all sides
o Pipe jointing shall be done in accordance with the required specification for
the specified material
 Checklist and Certification of First Fix
• The subcontractor is responsible for notifying Mechanical consultant when the air-
conditioning and ventilation first fix in an area is complete and ready for inspection
• An installation inspection form shall be completed during this final inspection and
certification of first fix and shall be signed off by the Mechanical consultant.
 Cross check the positions of the final fixtures and fittings with respect to the
quantity, type and location shown on the drawings
 Undertake 24 hour pressure tests on the cooling pipes (using nitrogen gas) and a
24 hour gravity water tests on the drainage pipes
 Ensure that the drainage pipes are properly isolated and that the cooling pipes are
properly insulated
 Ensure that the pipes are recessed sufficiently within the wall to allow mesh
reinforcement to be placed over the pipes for crack control, followed by rendering
 Cross check the heights of cassette units and junction box positions with respect to
the FFL to ensure compliance
 Cross check the protrusion of the junction boxes from the walls/floors to ensure
that they will be ‘flush’ with the plastering/screeding
 Cross check that the cables and wiring are correct and in place and have been
correctly labeled and if wiring is not complete ensure that draw wires are in place
and are functioning properly
 Cross check that junction boxes are properly covered up to prevent mortar
accessing
 Cross check looping and switching to ensure that it complies with the drawings
• Site manager is to note that only once this inspection form has been signed
off by M.E.P consultant can subsequent plastering and screeding activities
commence. This is a hold or control point for construction activities in this
area and MUST be complied with.
 Steel Erection
Steel erection shall be the last stage of structural steel activities. Prior to this activity, all
shop drawings relating to the steel structure shall be cross checked by Project manager
to ensure they are consistent with all interfaces and related plans and sections. Certified
copies of steel shop drawings shall be issued to site way ahead of the arrival of the
structural steel. Structural steel shop drawings shall be documented (cross reference),
monitored and controlled at all times by Quality control person.
Certification Check of HDB
The tolerance level for the accuracy and precision of HDB positions determines the success or
otherwise of the structural steel erection.
• The check is completed when all HDB are checked with regards to grid positions, length
of protrusion from the concrete base, alignments and diagonals. A brief report would be
necessitated when major deviations are noticed.

Delivery and Piling of Steel

Steel structures in most instances shall be fabricated and delivered to site ready to fix.
Delivered steel structures would notably be either imported or locally manufactured.
The following procedures however, are applicable to all steel structures delivered to
site.
• Prior to the delivery of the steel structures, copies of the packing list (bill of materials)
shall be made available.
• Checks and clearances at the security post and stores shall be done as with all other
materials.
• A personnel on site shall go through the packing list and the related structural steel
shop drawings and coordinate the groupings of deliveries. Groupings shall be such
that, main members for specific areas are identified accordingly. Accessories of all
kind including but not limited to cleats, washers, bolts, nuts, thimbles etc. shall be
grouped according to size, shape, or grade. On no occasion shall accessories be
lumped up.
• Receiving and unloading of materials should take place as near as possible to the
place of erection. The lay-down area should be clean and leveled. A suitable
forklift or telescopic handler is ideal for unloading, but a mobile crane is equally
suitable. In either case, care needs to be exercised in handling the various
components and bundles, to minimize damage to paint.
• We shall ensure that, cold-formed members such as purlins, girts, and
channels are protected from weather, by storing the bundles with an
 inclination to permit water drainage in case of rain or condensation. It is
advisable to lightly cover with a tarpaulin. Bundles of sheets should be
stored in the same way, keeping the bundles clear of the ground. Any
shortage of the list against the Waybill shall be reported and sorted out.
• Good ground preparation will make container unloading a straight forward
operation. If possible select a firm, level, asphalt, concrete or compacted
area. Unloading will be considerably easier if a small step is made so that
the inside base of the container is level with the external ground. These
shall be considered in selecting areas for unloading.
• Unload the container from the trailer using a mobile crane, telescopic
handler and four leg slings or chains of the correct capacity. Set the
container on the ground, and level it, open the doors before final
positioning.

Nuts and Washers

• Drawings shall clearly indicate the levels of the concrete base, the level of non-
shrink grout and the level of the steel base plates. On no occasion should
team assume any parameters that are not clearly stated on the drawings.
• Leveling of nuts, base plates or washers, shall be carried out with an approved
standard instrument. As built records of all details shall be captured and
documented at the end of the survey leveling. The Site manager shall be notified
of the completion of this exercise to ensure protection of all leveled details.
• Cautions shall be taken when working around leveled bolts. Where necessary, the
Site manager shall be available throughout the erection of the main stanchions to
give extra supervision on the works.
• A comprehensive survey report should be made and documented. A take-over report
shall be submitted to the Lead Steel Erector during commencement. This shall
include the pre erection checks stated below

Pre-Erection checks
• We shall make sure that the building foot print, in addition to 15m wide strip
around it, is clear of obstructions, level and compacted.
 • Quality control person shall check the anchor bolt settings for compliance with
the details provided on the Anchor Bolt Setting Plan. The allowable
tolerances are given in the General Notes on the drawing.
• The surveyor shall check the foundation levels. In buildings that require grout,
shim packs are placed in the center of the bolt pattern. Buildings without
crane systems generally do not require grout, but variances in concrete levels
may necessitate the use of shims if the concrete is outside the stated
tolerances. Due to design requirements on certain buildings, double nuts
may be used.
Erection of Frames
Erection of Engineered steel buildings is a straightforward operation,
provided some basic principles are followed and common sense used. There
should be an appreciable flexibility in the method of erection of steel
components on each site. Site conditions, in most instances should dictate
the methodology and approach

Safety Precautions to be taken

For safety reasons there are precautions that need to be taken during erection. All
these shall be checked and supervised by the safety officer on site with the site
manager helping out when need be:
• shall check weather conditions; strong winds are dangerous during erection and
sheeting. Erection shall not be carried out after a major rainfall or a drizzle. Erection
of members shall only be carried out when they are all dry of any liquids.
• shall insist on a daily check on all lifting equipment. Checks on all lifting slings, checks
for fraying and kinking shall be included in the daily checks.
• shall check and ensure that all access equipment is in good condition, including
scaffolding and ladders.
• shall check for overhead electric lines before moving in with a crane.
• shall check that all erectors have the correct personal safety equipment, hard hats,
boots, safety harness etc.
• Safety officer shall ensure that there are sufficient guy wires on site for temporary
bracing.
• Shall ensure that erection always starts at a braced bay.
 • shall ensure that permanent bracing and flange stays are installed as work proceeds.
• ensure that high strength bolts are used where indicated and correctly tightened.
• shall ensure that the foreman has tied down sheeting once the bundle is opened.
• ensure roof sheeting at the end of each day work is swept clean, drill swarf will
corrode the panels if not removed.
• ensure the correct tools for the job are used, wrong tools will damage materials and
produce poor quality.

Preparation of the First Bay

• Prepare all materials for the first bay erection with permanent bracing, (braced bay).
• Identify the sections required by part number; assemble the sections as near as
possible to their intended positions.
• The splice connections are mostly made with high strength bolts; the sizes are in
most cases, shown on the drawing cross section. Tighten the splice bolts and check
for correct torque value using a calibrated torque wrench, or by turn of nut method.
• Attach temporary guy wires to the sections, manila or nylon ropes are not
recommended for temporary guying, they can stretch and break. They are also
unsuitable for aligning purpose.
• Prepare the mobile crane and Forklift for erection.
Main Frames
a. Erect the first four columns at the braced bay. Verify the part number and
orientation, and position over the anchor bolts. Adjust the columns for
plumb by tightening or loosening the anchor bolt nuts (Step 1).
b. Fix the wall girts to the columns for additional stability. Girts are attached
to the columns by mild steel (MS) bolts.
c. Position the crane for lifting the assembled sections. Check that slings,
chain and shackles are in good condition and of adequate capacity for the
weight to be lifted. The chains or slings should be long enough to provide
sufficient spread, at an angle of not less than 45 degrees. The spread of
the slings is normally calculated by dividing the member length by four,
which will give the distance of the lifting point from each end. This
formula may require some minor adjustment depending on the weight
distribution and configuration of the member.
d. Flange clamps are a safe lifting device which also minimizes damage to
paint. When using clamps, install temporary bolts in the member holes,
or use “G” clamps to prevent the clamps from sliding. If clamps are not
available, conventional slings may be used, in which case timber or other
protection should be used on the flanges to prevent slipping and damage.
e. Commence lifting the member (Step 3). Previously attached hand ropes
will help to guide the steel member to its position. Carefully lower the
member section to the column cap plates, and position it using spud
wrenches. Spud wrenches are an invaluable tool for aligning members
and holding in position whilst bolting up.
f. Install the high strength bolts, nuts and washers in the knee connection.
Hand-tighten the bolts. Ratchet pullers are attached to the guy wires,
which are then connected to suitable stable objects, such means of the
guy wires and ratchet pullers. Once all guy wires are in place it is safe to
release the crane (Step 4).
g. Erect the second rafter and hold in place with the crane, at the same time
position the horizontal member and bolt-up using mild steel bolts (Step
5). Connect the previously attached flange braces to the horizontal
members with mild steel bolts (Step 6).
h. Complete the horizontal member installations and then install the
diagonal bracing. Before tightening the diagonal bracing, ensure that the
lip of the hillside washer is correctly seated in the web slot. Adjust the
tension of the bracing; at the same time adjust the rafter alignment. The
bracing shall be just tight enough to eliminate visual sagging. In case of
portal bracing, it must also be erected before proceeding in the other bay.
For high end walls use temporary bracing during erection.
i. The completed braced bay should now be aligned. Appropriate survey
equipment should be used for plumbing, if available, or for buildings of
low eave height, a spirit level or plumb-bob may suffice (Step 7). A
tolerance of 1:300 is allowable in low rise buildings.
j. After completing the first bay alignment the high strength bolts at the
knee connection shall be fully tightened. Time spent on correct alignment
of the first bay will reap benefits as work proceeds with the remaining
bays.
k. The remaining bays are erected following the same procedure (Step 8).
All components shall be installed as work progresses, including crane
beams.
l. Multi-span frames provide a degree of flexibility in erection in that partial
spans may be erected if site conditions dictate.
m. The complete frame should be checked for plumb and alignment.
Adjustments can be made by tightening or loosening bracing, or by
 ratchet puller, to pull a misaligned frame into plumb. After completion of
all checking, bolt tightening can commence. Air or electric impact
wrenches may be used and checked with a torque wrench, or they can be
tightened manually using the “Turn of Nut Method” (preferred).
n. The Turn of Nut Method is achieved by bringing all the bolts in the pattern
to a snug tight position, using a normal spud wrench. Match mark the nuts
against the connection plate, and then apply a further one third turn to
all the nuts

Floors (Mezzanine)
• When mezzanine floors are provided, they shall be erected with the main
frames, generally prior to sheeting.
• The mezzanine beams shall first be installed by connecting to the columns with
clips and high strength bolts as indicated on the drawing details.
• The joists are then placed between the beams and connected as shown on
erection drawings. An edge angle is then screwed at the perimeter of the
mezzanine area, prior to laying and screwing the decking panels.
• The decking panels are attached by self-drilled fasteners without washers.
Openings for stairs and penetrations shall be framed before fixing the
concrete reinforcement.
• The concrete should be evenly spread; concentrated piles of wet concrete
could cause deformation in joists or decking, which could lead to collapse. It
is, sometimes advisable to use temporary shoring at mid spans in order to
assure straightness of finished concrete.
 Erection of Sheeting/Cladding
• Touch-up any damaged paint on the main frame prior to sheeting.
• The base angle is fixed to the concrete slab by means of masonry nails. Power
actuated tools are preferred for fixing.
• The base angle should be set at the wall grit line (steel line).
• There is a tendency for wall girts to sag under their own dead load, especially in bays
over 7.5 meters. Girts are temporarily supported in a horizontal line with vertical
timber props from floor to girt, girt to girt, and girt to eave strut. The props remain
in place until the wall panels are screwed. They can then be removed and relocated
to the next bay. The girts will remain straight and horizontal once the panels are
installed. In bays over 8.5 meters sag rods shall be provided and once adjusted
there is no requirement for temporary timber props.
• Before commencing with sheeting, the details on the drawings shall be checked. A
starting position will be given in relation to the steel line. Mark the starting position,
and then mark out the gauge cover width of the sheets along the concrete notch.
This will provide a check against “creep” or “bunching” of the panels. An important
point in order for the corner trims to fit as detailed.
• Insulation is more convenient to handle if unrolled on the ground and pre-cut to the
required lengths.
Sheeting the Walls
• The insulation/sheeting must be kept vertical, and pulled taught. Place the panel in the
pre-marked position, plumb it and screw.
• Then, the second panel is installed in the same manner and so on.
• End-wall panels shall be pre-cut in the factory.
(Field cutting may be necessary on steep slopes).
• The preferred procedure is to complete all wall sheeting before starting the roof, as
the eave trim covers the top of the wall panel and fits under the roof panel. Outside
foam closures are placed between the wall panel and the eave trim to provide a
dust free junction.
• If there is no wall insulation, foam closures shall be used between the panel
and eave strut / base angle.
 Sheeting the Roof
• Prepare the roof panels by segregating them by their length shown on the roof
sheeting plan. The sequence of roofing is from eave to ridge on both slopes finishing
with the ridge panel.
• To commence, it is advisable to temporarily fix one run of panels across the building
to walk on. The insulation can then be unrolled beside the “walkway”.
• Double faced tape is applied to the eave struts, or an intermediate purlin if the roll
does not cover the full width of the building. The insulation is lifted into place and
is retained in place by the double faced type. Before placing the roof panel, the
insulation end should be folded over to be concealed at the eave. The inside foam
closure is placed on the fold at the eave strut, and the panel is then positioned.
• Adjust the line of the panel for the square to avoid “saw-toothing” at the eave line.
Use a nylon line projected from the eave strut by 65mm to give the correct distance
and line.
• Screw the panel and move progressively panel by panel up to the ridge. After
completing several runs of panel, the temporary “walkway” can be lifted, insulated,
and sheeted.
• Panel end-laps require bead mastic. The bead mastic should be carefully unrolled
from the release paper, and placed over the panel corrugations. Do not stretch the
bead, otherwise it may break when the panel is placed over it Ensure that the panel
end-laps are as per drawing details.
• Make sure that the panel ribs are kept in a straight line from eave to ridge. Use a
chalk line to mark the purlin location and maintain a straight line of screws, thus
avoiding mis-drilling and possible leakage. End-laps have additional screws as
detailed on the drawing.
• Proceed with the next run of insulation, stepping the side tabs together, before placing
the next run of panels. When both slopes of the roof panel have been fixed, the
ridge panel or ridge cap is laid, connecting both slopes.

Sheeting & Trimming

• As work proceeds, it is important to keep the roof area clean, a soft brush should
always be readily available to sweep off drill swarf, metal filings or grinding dust,
which will cause light surface corrosion if not removed.
• Stitch screws are fixed at panel side-laps at width centers, or as detailed.
 • Note: Roof panels are generally fixed in the valley of the panels, unless noted
otherwise.
• Upon completion of the roofing, gable trims are installed. Outside foam closures are
used against the end-wall panel.
• Care should be taken in walking on roof panels. Workers on the roof should use soft
footwear. Metal studs or heel tips will cause damage to the painted panels.

Safety Precautions for Sheeting/ Cladding

• It is important to walk in the correct place on roof panels. Always step in the valley of
the panel, which is in contact with the purlin. Standing on the high corrugations
may result in deformation of the panel.
• For achieving a quality job, use a screw gun with a depth locator or torque adjuster,
this will ensure correct fixing of fasteners.
• When drilling use a rubber or leather thimble on the drill bit to prevent the chuck of
the drill damaging the panel paint when the drill goes through the material.
• Sheets are packed in bundles, and may be unloaded by a suitable forklift truck or
crane. Care must be taken not to “break the back” of the sheets when unloading. If
chains or cable slings are used for unloading, good protection must be provided for
the corners of the bundle.
• Packs of sheets should be stored in a safe area of the site. They should be stored
clear of the ground and elevated at one end to allow for water drainage should they
become wet. Preferably, the bundles should be loosely covered with a tarpaulin;
this will afford additional protection but allow air circulation.
• Care should be taken when handling sheets. Erectors should use clean gloves to avoid
dirty marks, oil or grease stains on sheets. When handling individual panels from
the stack, each panel should be lifted clear, not dragged along, which cause
scratches.
• Only proper tools should be used for cutting profiled sheets. An electric nibbler
should be used for cutting across the ribs, an electric shear for cutting
longitudinally, and aviation snips for small detail work. Never use a grinding desk
for cutting sheets.

• Do not step on the skylights while working on the roof

Grouting of Bases
• Preparation and application of grouts should be as the manufacturer’s specification.
The specification and thickness of grouting shall be confirmed by the Site manager from
the design and sent to place the appropriate requisition
•The Foreman shall ensure areas to receive grout are clean and tidy of any wood filings,
concrete/mortar droppings and dust. The plasticity of the mixed grout shall be such as
specified in the manufacturer’s guide and the forms to receive it, properly prepared to
avoid leaks of grout.

Checks and Control of Steel structure

• Records of inspection of joints/connections. 15% of bolts in a connection shall be
inspected at random. If the inspection of 15% is successful, the connection is
acceptable, if not, further checks shall be made.
• Inspection of bolts shall be visual check of match marks before and after tightening.
The bolted connection shall be accepted when match marks have reached the
required rotation.
• As an alternate, inspection can be carried out by calibrated torque wrench using the
appropriate calibration tables.
• Appropriate inspection checklist shall be roll out depending on the magnitude of the
structural steel erection.
• On completion, the sheeted area should be inspected. Any ferrous objects such as
pop-rivet stalks, bolts, nails, screws etc. left on the roofing should be removed.
• There is really no better way of water testing a roof than actual rainfall, as to simulate
even fall or windblown rain is impossible. If medium to heavy rain has fallen after
completion of roofing, and no leakage is visible then the roof should be considered
tested and satisfactory.
• If the roofing has been completed during a dry season, and testing is required, then
the following test can be carried out:
 A 25 to 30mm diameter hose will be required with sufficient mains pressure, or
a tank and electric pump. Two tests can be done.
 The hose should be positioned on the ridge, or highest point of the roof. The
water should then cascade down each slope, down each valley between panel
ribs. The hose should not be deliberately directed at the panel end-laps and side-
laps.
  The second and longer test can be carried out if desired by attaching a rotary
garden sprinkler to the hose and allow the whole roof to be systematically
“watered”. This is the nearest method of stimulating rainfall as the sprinkler
system causes the water to bounce, thus finding any weakness in lap conditions.

Touch-up Painting
• Any accidental scratches or minor damage should be touched-up with the
appropriate paint. The area should be left clean.
• For minor scratches, a small brush can be used to apply touch-up paint of matching
color to the damaged area.
• If damage has affected the galvanized coating, then the damaged area should be
coated with special primer followed by a special polyurethane finish coat.
 Erection of Scaffold
Scaffolding safety rules shall be used in conjunction with this procedure as well as the
instructions for use of the scaffolding provided by the manufacturer if any. The
cardinal guide to the erection and usage of scaffolds shall be within best practices
of project site safety and health standards.
Ordering & Delivery of Scaffolds
In ordering of scaffolds, specific details regarding the required square area,
height/length and/or widths of scaffolds shall be stated clearly on the requisition.
• We shall develop a clear understanding of the scaffold required and the work that is to
be carried out from the scaffold, including the need for protective gears, screening,
foundation conditions, power cables etc.
• The Site manager shall put in a requisition for scaffolds. Standard scaffolds made of
steel tubular members shall be used. Timber can be used provided there has been a
thorough review and clarifications by the team.
• Scaffolds shall be delivered clean at all times and shall be accompanied by the
appropriate waybill covering the delivery stock. The lay-down area for scaffolds shall be
clean and free from wet environments and spilled lubricants. The lay-down area shall be
of reasonable distance from the area they are to be used to ensure ease of handling and
erection.
• The kinds of scaffolds generally used are:
 Timber scaffolding;
 Tube scaffolding in steel or aluminium
 Scaffolding with proprietary equipment
Preparation for Scaffolding
• The areas where scaffolds are to be erected are shall be clean of all types of materials
and obstructions.
• The receiving ground shall be prepared to a relatively flat level to ensure there are
no considerable differential levels as a result of slopes and holes.
• Site manager shall provide information about the foundation conditions for the
scaffold, including information about the strength of verandahs and suspended
slabs upon which the scaffold is to be erected.
• There should be proximity of power lines to be used when needed.
• The specifications, drawings, the scope and all requirements for the scaffold shall be
made known to the scaffolding erector.
• The Site manager shall Co-ordinate/delegate all subsequent inspections and
alterations needed to ensure the safety of the scaffold and those using the scaffold.
This will include the need to ensure that a scaffold register or scaffold record system
is kept up to date.
• The Foreman shall design and plan the scaffold and the erection process, including
co-ordination with other employers who are in the vicinity, to ensure safety during
construction, use, alteration and later dismantling of the scaffold.
 Scaffolding
• All scaffolding, whether modifiable or not, must be erected, altered and dismantled
by competent workers under proper supervision of the foreman
• Scaffolding must not be used unless the safety officer and the site manager are
satisfied that it is safe for use and complies with the regulations.
• Scaffolding must not be altered or interfered with
• Scaffolders must ensure that members of the public are not endangered while they are
erecting, altering or dismantling scaffolds. They should also ensure that the lower working
platforms are not used while the upper lifts are being worked on unless a fully decked
platform, with screens if necessary, separates the part being erected or dismantled from
the lower part in use.
• All those involved in the construction work have responsibilities for the scaffolding
process, and for the protection of those who use the scaffold in the course of their
work.
• Scaffolding foundations must be adequate to carry the whole weight of the scaffold,
including the imposed loads, and must be maintained in a stable condition during
the life of the scaffold. Steel base plates must be used under all standards.
• When scaffolds are supported on the ground, suitable sole plates must be used to
spread the load. The sole plates should preferably be long enough to support at
least two standards.
• Timber sole plates must be not less than 200 x 38 x 500 mm long. Bricks, blocks and
similar loose material are unsuitable as they are liable to fall over or split, and are
easily driven into the ground.
• Where the foundation is leveled concrete of adequate thickness or of a similar hard
surface, the sole plate may be omitted, but steel base plates must be provided at
the bottom of all standards.
• Verandahs, gantries or roofs used to support scaffolding must be certified as safe for
the purpose by a competent person such as a registered engineer. The layout of
the scaffold, including details of sole plates and the propping system, if any, must
also be provided.
• Hoists, winches/pulleys and other lifting appliances may be mounted on scaffolding only
if the scaffold framework is adequate in strength or is specially strengthened and
tied back to reduce vibration and whip. Scaffolds that would serve this type of
purpose shall only be approved by the site manager.
 • Where the span exceeds 2.0 m, one intermediate putlog must be provided at mid-
span to support timber scaffold planks; this requirement does not apply to metal
planks
• Scaffold planks must be so placed, locked or secured as to prevent tipping or
displacement during normal use, or movement by strong wind. End overhang must
be 80 mm minimum to 220 mm maximum.
• We shall ensure every working platform must be decked as close as practicable to
the working face of the structure it is being used with.
• Where the height is greater than 3m, a guardrail or other protection must be
provided within 200 mm of the outer edge of the plank.
• Guardrails, including midrails, must be provided on the exposed sides and ends of all
working platforms more than 3 m in height. The height to the top of the guardrail
must be not less than 0.9 m or more than 1.1 m from the deck to be protected.
• Cross-bracing (double) as used in some frame scaffolds is acceptable in place of a
guardrail, if the platform is decked out to within 200 mm horizontally from the
cross-bracing, and the braces cross within 50 mm of the mean guardrail height of
1050 mm above the platform.
• Site manager shall ensure that, a scaffold platform used as a regular walkway or for
the wheeling of loads must have a clear headroom of at least 1.8 m along the mid-
half width
• Where a succession of platforms is used to work up or down a face, the vertical
spacing of lifts must not exceed 2.1 m except for the first lift, which if necessary
may be up to 3 m to allow for satisfactory working conditions at ground or floor
level. When the height of the first lift exceeds 2.1 m, extra bracing must be
provided on each pair of standards, commencing at approximately 1.8 m from the
ground.
• The height of any scaffolding depends upon its foundation, the size and type of
material used in the construction of the standards, spacing of ties, and the lateral
stability in all directions of the scaffolding as a whole.
• Ties must be provided to prevent inward and outward movement of the scaffold and
to assist the standards to act as load-carrying vertical members. Ties must be fixed
to standards and as close as practicable to ledger intersections. Ties must also be
uniformly spaced, vertically and horizontally, over the face of the scaffolding,
including the level of the topmost working platform.
• A wire tie must be fastened to a structure by an approved anchorage, a through bolt
or tied to a strong back. The strength of the building structure at the location of
the tie must be checked for its adequacy to sustain the loads which will be
transferred to it.
• When intending to fix cast-in and drilled-in anchorages, the manufacturer’s
recommended safe working load may be used. Where the tie spacing cannot be
complied with, additional plan bracing or dogleg bracing shall be provided between
tie points.
• Adequate bracing must be provided as follows:
 Where the horizontal tie spacing cannot be complied with, plan bracing shall be
provided. Even with this bracing provided, the maximum horizontal distance
between tie points shall not exceed 9.6 m.
 Transverse diagonal bracing must be fixed to each end pair of standards and at
not more than every tenth pair of standards along the scaffold. This bracing may
be temporarily removed on a working lift to facilitate movement of materials
but must be replaced as soon as practicable.
 Longitudinal diagonal bracing must be fixed to the external face of the scaffold,
and at regular intervals along its length. The bracing, which is required to resist
wind and earthquake forces in particular, must be capable of withstanding a
horizontal force of not less than one-tenth of the total of the weight of the
scaffold and the full live load on the working platforms.

Timber Scaffolds
• All timber used in scaffolding should be preservative treated in accordance with an
appropriate commodity specification of the Timber Preservation Authority.
• Untreated timber may be acceptable if the timber is sound and unlikely to
deteriorate during the intended lifespan of the scaffold. Fittings used for
connecting joints between standards ledgers and braces must be of adequate
strength and be maintained in good condition.
• The design and construction of timber scaffolding for the support of both light-duty
and heavy-duty working platforms must be carried out in accordance with sound
engineering and trade practices by a certified engineer. The requirements for
single-standard (pole) light-duty scaffolds with putlogs cleated to wall or frame and
for use up to 5 m high are summarised below;
 100 mm x 50 with a maximum spacing of 2.4 m.
  150 mm x 25 mm or l00 mm x 50 mm for a maximum span of 1.2 m or 2/150mm x
25 mm for a maximum span of 1.5 m.
 Each standard must be tied to the wall by a putlog and braced longitudinally by a
ledger and at least two diagonal braces in the length of the scaffold. An additional
diagonal brace at 40 to 50 slopes must also be provided for every 20 m length of
scaffold. Minimum size of brace to be 100 mm x 50 mm or 150mm x 25 mm.
 Minimum size 100 mm x 50 mm guardrail

Tube Scaffolding in Steel or Aluminium

• This part deals with standing scaffolds where the standards (poles), ledgers guardrails,
midrails and putlogs are made of steel or aluminium tubes. The general rules stated may
be applied to hanging scaffolds made of metal tubing.
 Safety officer shall ensure that, Tubes in use on a scaffold must be in good
condition, free from bends and defects that might affect strength, reasonably free
from corrosion and cut square at the ends. Tubes which are 3 m and over in length
should be reamed, if cut, to ensure safety when using internal joiners.
 When the loss of metal by corrosion or other causes reduces any cross section of a
tube so that its corresponding weight is less than 90 percent of its original weight,
the affected length of tube is to be discarded and rendered unfit for further use in
scaffolding.
 Site manager shall ensure steel tubes are hot-dipped galvanised or painted when
used in scaffolds which are exposed for prolonged periods to marine or corrosive
atmospheres.
 Fittings and couplings must be specially made for the tubes in use and must be of a
satisfactory quality as to strength and performance.

Mobile Scaffolds
• A mobile scaffold is a special type of free-standing scaffold supported on wheels, castors
or other devices for ease of movement on a firm level surface.
• Design and construction must be in accordance with sound engineering practice.
Scaffolds must be properly braced by cross-bracing or diagonal braces, or both, for
securing vertical members together laterally. Horizontal, diagonal or cross-bracing must
be provided immediately above the wheels or castors.
• Castors should be of the swivel type and have a minimum wheel diameter of 125 mm.
Wheels or castors must be fixed to scaffold uprights, or be socketed into the scaffold
uprights, a minimum length of 150 mm, to avoid becoming dislodged during movement
on uneven floors.
• When the scaffold is in use, the wheels or castors must be effectively locked and
should be turned outwards to increase base width. Safety Officer shall check and
ensure this is complied with from time to time.
• Safety Officer shall ensure mobile scaffold are used only on a firm level surface.
Where the surface has a slight cross-fall, the level of the wheels must be adjusted
to bring the scaffold back to plumb. Mobile scaffolds should not be used closer than
1 m to any slab edge or partition unless the edge is protected to prevent the wheels
and scaffold from falling.
• Access between working platform and base must be provided by means of securely
fixed ladders or purpose-built rungs. Cross braces must not be used as a means of
access. Work platforms must be fully decked and be provided with guardrails and
toeboards in accordance with general requirements for scaffolding.

Frame Scaffolding
• Frame scaffolding in this context means the portal-frame type scaffolding assembled
on the site from prefabricated frames and members. Safety officer shall ensure
that, frames of different proprietary types are not intermingled. Where frames are
superimposed vertically, the connection must be such that:
 The standards are held in linear alignment.
 The panels are locked together vertically by joint pin couplers or other equivalent
suitable means.

• Number of working platforms should be the same as standard tubular scaffolding.

Longitudinal bracing depends on the use of ledgers:
 Without ledgers, both faces of the scaffold in each lift of each bay are to be
cross-braced.
 With ledgers, brace either with diagonal tubes as for tubular scaffolding, or
cross-braced every bay for the first 12 m height of scaffold, reducing to one bay
in two for the next 12 m height up, and one bay in four for the top 9 m of height.

• Guardrails and midrails must be provided at working platform levels when cross
braces are removed.
Unit Assembled Scaffolds
• Unit assembled scaffolding means scaffolding assembled from prefabricated frames or
members which are not single lift portal-frame type units. The specific requirements are:
 Erection must be carried out in accordance with the supplier’s instructions and
meet the requirements of this procedure.
 Spacing of unit frames will, in general, be less than for tube and frame scaffolding.
 Bracing will be the same as for the scaffolding.
 Because of the lack of continuity in standards and of the lesser rigidity in the
transverse corner joints, special attention must be given to provide an adequate
number of ties to prevent lateral movement.

Special Scaffolds
• Special scaffolds are scaffolds which do not meet the standard requirements
for standing or suspended scaffolds
• All special scaffolds must be designed in accordance with sound engineering
practice, and must be erected, altered or dismantled only under the direct
supervision of a qualified person who has adequate experience in scaffolds.
An inspector may require a registered engineer’s certificate, certifying the
adequacy of the design.
Scaffold Inspection
• All suspended scaffolds and all other scaffolds which exceed 5 m in height, or from
which a person could fall 5 m or more, are to be inspected before first use and at
regular intervals by the safety officer and the Quality control officer.
 After each structural alteration, addition or change to the nature of the scaffold
or its anchorages or ties.
 Monthly while the scaffold is set up but not in use.
 After any storm or occurrence that could adversely affect the safety of the
scaffolding.

o Should any defect be found during these inspections, the defect must be
rectified prior to it being in use.
o Foreman shall ensure that, all scaffolding are protected against accidental
damage from traffic or other causes and should, where necessary, be
barricaded or, alternatively, be well stayed or braced to avoid damage from
vehicles
o Site manager shall ensure that, all users understand any limitations of the
scaffold that could affect their work, e.g. load limits. This should include not
 altering the scaffold in any way that could affect its safety without the prior
check and approval.
o No person shall erect any scaffold at any distance, in any direction, less than
2m to any conductors of an overhead electric line.
 Project Close Out
Upon the completion of a project according to the specifications, a number of
activities by the employer and the contractor are carried leading to the successful
formal handing and taking over of the project
Consultant’s inspection
• When ENERGOPROJEKT is convinced that it has completed the project in accordance
with the specifications given by the Client, it will inform the Consultants of the project
in writing.
• The Consultant accompanied by the project manager of ENERGOPROJEKT will carry
out inspection on behalf of the Client.

Consultant’s Snag List

• During the inspection, the consultant will note areas of immediate defects (snags)
pointing them out to the project manager.
• The consultant will prepare a formal snag list including areas which do not conform to
the drawings.
• The consultant will communicate the snag list to the project manager with
descriptions of what are expected to be done.

Fix Snag List

• On receipt of the snag list, the project team shall discuss the possible approaches to
fixing the snag list. After that, all necessary steps shall be taken to correct the snag.
• Once the snag list has been fixed, the consultant will be invited to confirm following a
review inspection.
• The consultant will then certify that the snag list has been completely fixed.

Client Inspection
• Having fixed the consultant’s snag list as duly confirmed, ENERGOPROJEKT will now
officially inform the Client of the completion of the project.
• The Client may carry out its own inspection with the ENERGOPROJEKT and the
consultant.
• If further snags are identified, a client’s snag list will be prepared.
 • The second snag list will be fixed in the manner described as with the consultants
snag.
Demobilization from Site
Once all the identified snags have been fixed, ENERGOPROJEKT will initiate the process of
evacuating the site.
All materials and Equipment used on the project that are still on site shall be taken
offsite.

Physical Handover of Site

• ENERGOPROJEKT will contact the consultant to agree a date of handing over to the
employer.
• The consultant and ENERGOPROJEKT will agree a handing over date.
• The two parties will agree the program and activities.
• A formal handover protocol shall be prepared. Here all necessary documents shall be
signed off and handed over.
• At the request of the consultant/ employer, ENERGOPROJEKT may handover
construction drawings

Submission Of As-Built Drawings and Manuals

• ENERGOPROJEKT is obliged in accordance with the terms of contract to submit As
Built Drawings and operational manuals (if any) to the employer.
• As Built drawings represent the drawings of the actual finished product at the site
including the locations of essential utilities and services.
• The due date for submission of these drawings and manuals may be a subject of the
contract agreement or an informal agreement between the contractor and the
employer/ consultant

Consultants Certificate of Completion

 The Consultant having been satisfied with the completion of the project will issue
a Certificate of Completion to ENERGOPROJEKT.
 This is the formal confirmation of completion of work in accordance with the
contract.
  The consultant will also prepare the final accounts and the final certificate of
payment save retention.
 The final certificate of completion will be subject to satisfactory defects remedy
during the Defects Liability period.

Receive Final Payment for Retention

 Upon satisfactory remedy of all defects during the Defects Liability Period,
ENERGOPROJEKT will apply for final payment of retention.
 The Defects Liability Period is stated in the contract agreement.
 The receipt of the final payment of retention signifies the final completion of the
project as per the contract.