ECD PROJECT LAB

REPORT

OPAMP TESTER
NAME REGISTRATION NO ROLL NO SECTION

EESHAN UPADHYAY 160907114 12 C

UTSAV JENA 160907214 23 C

The objective of the project is to build a simple op-amp tester. This can be used to
test popular op-amp type UA741 and other such op-amps that are pin to pin
compatible to UA741.
Example: LM709, LM201, MC1439, LM748, OP-02, LM318, LM356 etc.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:
The Op-Amp under test can be wired either as an inverting amplifier with gain equal
to R3/R2 or as a non-inverting amplifier with gain equal to 1+R4/R2 depending
upon DPDT switch. The input of the amplifier in the two cases is a 3VDC.The circuit
will have its own regulated power supply to generate (+12V) and (-12V) (i.e. from
the IC-4812(voltage regulator)) for the opamp from the mains. The circuit consists
of a transformer with a center tapped secondary winding followed by a
conventional full wave rectifier circuit for both positive as well as negative supplies.
Rectifiers are followed by a capacitor filters. Diodes D1 and D4 constitute the full
wave rectifier circuit for both positive supply while the filtering action is provided
by the capacitor C1. Diodes D2 and D3 with the same center tapped secondary
winding provide rectification for generating the negative supply and capacitor C2
does the filtering. IC-1 is a +12 volt three terminal regulator of 79-series (7912 is
the IC number).Capacitors C3, C4, C5 and C6 are decoupling capacitors. These are
used to decouple DC power supplies for high frequency, if any, present on the DC
power supply line. Resistor R1 and zener diode VZ1 generate 3VDC used as a test
input to the opamp.

PARTS LIST:
Resistors
R1 : 470ohms
R2 : 1K
R3 : 1K
R4 : 1K
R5 : 2.2K
R6 : 2.2K
Capacitors
C1 : 100uF/35V (electrolytic)
C2 : 100uF/35V (electrolytic)
C3 : 0.1uF (ceramic disc)
C4 : 0.1uF (ceramic disc)
C5 : 0.1uF (ceramic disc)
C6 : 0.1uF (ceramic disc)
SEMICONDUCTORS DEVICES
IC-1 : three terminal voltage regulator type 7812
IC-2 : three terminal voltage regulator type 7812
Diodes D1 to D4 : 1N 4001 or equivalent
LED s : 2 different colors
Zener diode : 3V, 400mv
Fuse : 500mA
Miscellaneous:
Transformer, on /off switch and toggle switch, double pole double throw switch
(DPDT), 8-pin IC socket.
UA741 pin diagram:

Voltage regulator 7812, 7912 pin diagram:

DPDT pin layout:

Design Specifications:
(i)Transformer:
Here we are using a center tapped transformer which stepdown AC voltage into
output voltage from the secondary winding of (15-0-15) v .We are using a
transformer to reduce the voltage available from the main supply(230V AC).
(ii)Diodes:
Followed by center tapped transformer we constructed a full wave rectifier using
diodes. We designed a rectifier in order to convert ac voltage obtained from the
transformer to dc voltage. We achieved positive peak voltage using a bridge
rectifier model. Bridge rectifier model is as shown the circuit diagram.
(iii)Capacitors:
We are using two types of capacitors (i) electrolytic capacitors (ii) ceramic
capacitors.
The raw dc voltage achieved from the rectifier will consist of a series of sine waves.
A supply of this this nature would not be of any use for powering circuits because
any analog model circuit will have the huge level of ripple superimposed on the
output dc voltage. To remove the ripples from the output of the rectifier an
electrolytic capacitor is used and is placed across the output of the rectifier and in
parallel with the load as shown in the circuit diagram. This capacitor charges up
when the voltage from the rectifier rises above that of the capacitor and then as
the rectifier voltage falls the capacitor provides the required current from the
stored charge. These capacitors are used for smoothing.
Ceramic capacitors are the capacitors that is uses capacitor as a dielectric. The
applications of ceramic capacitors includes transmitter stations , induction furnaces
,high voltage laser power supplies ,power circuit breakers, high density
applications, printed circuit boards, in dc to dc converters and etc. These capacitors
are also used as a general purpose capacitor and are also used across the brushes
in dc motor in order to minimize the noise. The mostly used applications are
coupling, decoupling, smoothing and filtering. Decoupling capacitors are used to
pass noise in coming from the power source to the ground terminal, while at the
same time continuously supplying stabilized current to combat sudden changes in
load current on ICs and other circuits. Capacitors used in coupling exploit the
characteristics to only transmit AC components and not transmit DC components.
Even ceramic capacitors can be used for smoothing to suppress the ripples after
rectification. These can be used for filtering purpose when combined with resistors
and inductors to create filters that transmit only signals of particular frequency.
(iv)Resistors:
Resistors are used to drop the voltage.
(V) IC Voltage Regulators:
Here in the circuits we used 7812 and 7912 voltage regulators to generate an
output voltage of +12V from IC 7812 and -12V from IC 7912. The purpose of
generating +12 V and -12V is for the Vcc of the opamp (i.e. for the 7th and 4th pin of
UA741) as shown in the pin layout of UA741 opamp. The pin configuration of 7812
in Input, Common and Output. The pin configuration for the 7912 input is Ground,
Input and Output.

(vi) Zener diode:

The working of zener diode is similar to the working of the PN junction diode in
forward biased condition but the uniqueness in the fact is that it can also conduct
when it is connected in reverse bias above its treshold /breakdown voltage.