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Thermodynamics UNIT 3
Section - A : Straight Objective Type
1. Answer (2)
f=5
2. Answer (1)
When P = constant, V T
V T 5
V T 298
5
% increase = 100 1.68 %
298
5
PV
1 1 10 30 3
n1 = 1.24 10
RT1 8.3 290
5
P2V2 10 30 3
= 1.20 10
RT2 8.3 300
3. Answer (2)
When V = constant
PT
P T P 1
T T 250 K
P T P 0.4 / 100
4. Answer (2)
T2 60 273
1
T1 0.38 1 T1
T1 537 K = 264°C
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148 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
5. Answer (1)
4
P 2
⎛V ⎞
1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
4
When V = 4 m3, P = N/m2
5
4
3 4 3 300
3PV 5
vrms = 150 5 6 m/s
m 2 32 10 3 20 10 3 2
6. Answer (1)
m
PV RT
M
V RT
constant
m PM
V1 V
2 2V1 = V2
m/2 m
V1 V1 1
Fraction = V V V 2V 3 rd
1 2 1 1
7. Answer (3)
As the temperature is constant
Patm V1 = (Patm + 20)V2
Patm (V1 – V2) = 20V2
8. Answer (1)
Air is diatomic
7
Q = nCPT = nRT
2
5
U = nCVT = nRT
2
U 5
Q 7
9. Answer (3)
For no phase change, final temperature reaches zero before melting
Qice = Qwater
(1 kg) (0.5 × 103 cal/kg/°C) × [0 – (–30)] = (m) (1 × 103 cal/kg/°C) (30)
m = 0.5 kg
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 149
10. Answer (3)
7
Amount of water mw kg
3
Q 5
w 2
12. Answer (1)
P
T2
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150 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
RT
2 [for one mole]
V T
V T2
RT
R 3
V T
R
dv 3T 2dT
R
PdV 3T 2 dT 2
T
PdV 3RdT
For n mole PdV = 3nRdT
W 2T0
∫ PdV ∫ 3RndT
0 T0
W 3RnT0
13. Answer (4)
By conservation of energy,
5 3 f
P0V P0V P (V V )
2 2 2
nHe 3 nH2 5 4 3 3 5 27
Here f = average degrees of freedom = =
nHe nH2 43 7
1 R T
MV 2 5 n1 n2
2 2
where n1 and n2 are no. of moles of oxygen and nitrogen.
1 ⎛ 3.2 2.8 ⎞ R T
6 103 100 5 ⎜
2
2 ⎝ 32 28 ⎟⎠ 2
5 0.2 8.31 T
30
2
6 o
T C 7.23 o C
0.831
1 n RT
Mv 2
2 ( 1)
Mv 2 ( 1)
T
2R
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 151
15. Answer (1)
L = L
l = L
Q Q
Now,
mC ALC
Q AlC
l L ⇒Q
ALC
16. Answer (1)
5
For monoatomic gas at constant pressure, Q = nCPT = 1 × RT
2
1 5
For diatomic gas at constant volume Q nCV T R(2T ) Q
2 2
17. Answer (3)
U = 2 + 3 PV
U = 2 + 3nRT
U 1 U
⇒ 3nR 3R
T n T
⇒ Cv 3R
18. Answer (2)
l = (l11 + l22)t = (50 × 2.0 × 10–5 + 50 × 1.2 × 10–5)200
V = V0 (1 + t)
V
V0 = t
P P P
= t t = =
K K 3 K
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152 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
5 5 5
U nRT P2V2 P1V1 k (V23 V13 ) 2250 J
2 2 2
22. Answer (1)
T 2V constant
PV
T
R
P 2V 2
V constant
R2
P 2V 3 constant
3
PV 2
constant
2
PV x constant
3
x
2
R R
C
r 1 1 x
R R R ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 2r 2 ⎞ ⎛ 3 2r ⎞
C 2R R ⎜ 2⎟ R ⎜ ⎟ R⎜ ⎟
r 1 3 r 1 ⎝ r 1 ⎠ ⎝ r 1 ⎠ ⎝ r 1 ⎠
1
2
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 153
23. Answer (4)
2l 8l
Thermal resistance R1
(k / 4)A kA
l R R T R2T1 16T2 T1
R2 1;T 1 2 =
2kA 16 R1 R2 17
24. Answer (2)
⎛ 5 ⎞
For adiabatic process, TV – 1 = k ⎜ , for monoatomic gas ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
So, T2V2 – 1 = T1V1 – 1
T2V22/3 = T1V12/3
2/3 2/3
⎛v ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ T1
T2 T1⎜ 12 ⎟ T1⎜ ⎟
⎝v ⎠ ⎝8⎠ 4
PV nRT nR
P
3
⇒ P 2V C
1 3
3 dP
⇒ VP 2 P2 0
2 dV
3 dP
⇒ V P
2 dV
dP 2
⇒ V P
dV 3
26. Answer (3)
According to Wien’s displacement law
1
T
T 0 .1
⇒
T 100
= 0.13 mm
27. Answer (3)
Specific heat capacity = Molar mass × Molar heat capacity
CP – CV Molar mass
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154 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
Xp – Xv = R
MCp – MCv = R
R
Cp – Cv =
M
R
For hydrogen; a =
2
R
For N2; b =
28
a
= 14
b
a = 14b
T Q1 A
Also, Q kA Q A 1 ...(2)
x Q2 A2
⎛ A1 ⎞ ⎛ A2 ⎞
Q1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟Q; Q2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟Q
⎝ A1 A2 ⎠ ⎝ A1 A2 ⎠
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 155
PdV + vdP = nR dT
∫ PdV nR ∫ dT ∫ VdP
B C D A
∫
nR 0 VdP
A
∫VdP ∫VdP ∫VdP
B C D
1 2
∫ ∫
dp dp
0 nR 400 0 nR 300
p p
2 1
1
nR 400Ln 300nRLn 2
2
nR100Ln 2
5 p0
(4 p0v 0 2 p0v 0 ) 5 p0v 0 D C
2
In DA, Q = nCVT v0 2v0 v
3R
n ( T )
2
3
( p0v 0 )
2
13
Total = p0v 0
2
n 5 n 7
Q R(2T T ) R(2T T )
2 2 2 2
= 3nRT
33. Answer (3)
For steady state, (T14 – T4) = (T4 – T24)
T14 T24
T 4
2
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156 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
50
ms 40 ms 40 27
100
(40 – ) = 0.5(40 – 27) ...(i)
d
0.0002 27
dt
t t
d
∫40 27
0.0002
∫t 0
dt
40 27
ln 0.0002t ...(ii)
27
From (i) & (ii)
ln 2 = 0.0002t
2.303 log10 2
t s 57.7 minutes
0.0002
35. Answer (1)
For A, Q = U + w = 0
For B, w is less as area enclosed is less.
Also, U is more negative. So, Q < 0
36. Answer (2)
37. Answer (2)
⇒ dQ dU 3anT 2dT
3an dv 3a
⇒ Pdv RT .TdT ⇒ TdT
R v R
v
T T
dv 3a
⇒
∫
v0
v
R ∫T0
T dT ⇒ Ln
v
v0
3a ⎡T 2 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
R ⎣ 2 ⎦T0
3a
v 3a ⎡ 2 2 v
⇒ Ln ⎣T T0 ⎤⎦ ⇒ e 2R ⎡⎣T 2 T02 ⎤⎦
v 0 2R v0
3a
v
e 2R T 2 T02 T T0
3a 2 2
⇒
v0 ⇒ ve 2R v0
3a 2 3a
T T02
⇒ ve 2R v 0 e 2R constant
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 157
38. Answer (3)
v2
w ∫ PdV
v1
V2 V2 V
= ∫ n
K
dV = K V n
∫
dv K
⎛V 1 n
⎜
= ⎜ 1 n
⎞ 2
⎟ K
1 n
⎟ = 1 n V2 V11 n
V1
V V1
⎝ ⎠V1
⎛ P1V1 P2V2 ⎞
= ⎜⎜ n 1
⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
1 ⎛ 2V0 ⎞ ⎛ 3P0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ P0V0
3 ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
P0V0
P0V0
3
⎛ ⎞
P0V0 ⎜ 1⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
27 273
0 .4 1 T1 = 500 K
T1
27 273
0 .5 1 T1 = 600 K
T1
T = 100 K = 100°C
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158 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
1 T T2 5
1 2 ⇒
6 T1 T1 6
T2 62 2
Also,
T1 3
T2 5
T1 6
T2 62 4
T2 5
or T2 = 62 × 5
or T2 = 310 K
T1 = 372 K
Q2 300 Room
at 27 °C
1680 273
200
Q2 = 1680 × kJ
273
W = Q2 – Q1
⎛ 300 ⎞
= 1680 ⎜ 1⎟
⎝ 273 ⎠
= 1.66 × 105 kJ
R 1 R11 R21
1 1 1
⎛ l ⎞ ⎛ l ⎞ ⎛ l ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ kA ⎠ ⎝ 2A ⎠ ⎝ 3A ⎠
k = 5 unit
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 159
44. Answer (3)
T2 ⎛ T ⎞
1 3⎜⎜1 2 ⎟⎟
2T1 ⎝ T1 ⎠
T2 3T
1 3 2
2T1 T1
3T2 T
2 2
T1 2T1
5T2 T2 4
2
2T1 T1 5
T2 2
1 1 0 .6
2T1 5
10 – h 80 cm
h
So, the volume of air that has been trapped, at atmospheric pressure, is A ×(10). Here, A is area of cross-section.
Final volume of trapped air is A (10 – h). As temperature is constants, so we can write
P1V1 = P2V2
(75 cm) (A × 10) = (75 + 80 – h) [A × (10 – h)]
750 = 1550 – 155h – 10h + h2
h2 – 165h + 800 = 0
h = 160 cm
or h = 5 cm
46. Answer (4)
On heating, both solid and liquid expand. The thrust is
Th = Vsl g
Now VS increase while l decreases
47. Answer (1)
l = l11 + l22
l l l 2 2
1 1
l l1 l 2
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160 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
As R1 = R2 R = R1 + R2 = 2R1
1 2
2
1 1 1
RP R1 R2
P 1 2
RP R1 R2
1 2
⇒ P
2
C0 40 10
C = 37.5°C
100 0 90 10
Yt Y0 t 0
Y90 Y0 90 0
25 0.5 t
50 5 90
or t = 40°C
51. Answer (2)
1 m T 1
m ⇒ T 2T
T m T 2
P
P T4 ⇒ 2 4 16
P
52. Answer (4)
At constant pressure, V T
dV dT
V T
dV 1
VdT T
1
or
T
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 161
53. Answer (1)
54. Answer (3)
Cp : Cv : Cp Cv
7R 5R
: :R
2 2
=7:5:2
55. Answer (3)
Q
∵ Q nCdT , Q nCv dT
4
4 4 R 4 R 5 10R
⇒ ∵ C Cv
3 3 r 1 3 2 3
56. Answer (3)
T TH2 TO 2 2
V TH 2 320 20 K 253C
M M H2 M O2 32
3 2
Also the internal energy is transational and rotational
5 5
2Q
So, is energy in rotation
5
58. Answer (1)
W = WAB + WBC + WCD + WDA
= 2000 nR + 0 + (–1000 nR) + 0 = 1000 nR
3 5
Q = QDA + QAB = nR (1000 ) nR (2000 ) 6500nR
2 2
1500R 15
6500R 65
59. Answer (3)
From state A to B, dU = 0, T is constant
2v 0
∫
dv
W nRT 3RT ln2 ...(i)
v
v0
5 4
2U0 = 3 RT , RT = U0 ...(ii)
2 15
From (i) & (ii)
4
W U0 ln2
5
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162 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
nRT
V
P0 kT
P
B
2P0 M(P, V)
P0 C
A
V
V0 2V0
5 5P V
QAB
2
2P0V0 P0V0 0 0
2
In process C to A, heat is rejected. In process B to C, heat is supplied by external agent from state B to the state
M. At state M, slope of BC = slope of adiabatic
P
tan . ,
V
P0 P
. ...(i)
V0 V
Equation of process B to C,
P0
P V 3P0 ...(ii)
V0
P0V PV 2 7
0 3P0 , 1
V0 V0 f 5
P0V 5 PV
0 3P0
V0 7 V0
12 P0V 7V
⇒ 3P0 ⇒ V 0
7V0 4
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 163
P0v 2 3P0v
T …(1)
V0 nR nR
For Tmax
dT
0
dv
3
v v …(2)
2 0
Using (1) & (2)
9 P0V0
Tmax
4 nR
∫ Pdv ∫ nRT ∫ T ∫
dv nRT
W 2
. T dT nR dT nR T 2T0 nRT0
v T 0
∫ u d N ∫ u N 4u 2u du
2 2
T
2
u=0 u=2
u
N 4u 2u du
∫ T
3 4
2
⎡ 2u 5 ⎤
NT ⎢u 4 ⎥
⎣ 5 ⎦0
⎡ 64 ⎤ ⎛ 16 ⎞
NT ⎢16 ⎥ NT ⎜ ⎟
⎣ 5 ⎦ ⎝ 5⎠
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164 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
16 4
v rms m/s
5 5
3PV
v rms
m
2
mv rms 5 103 16 8 80
P 10 N/m2 N/m2
3V 5 3 200 106 3 3
⎛ v⎞ ⎡ ⎛ 3.0 10 4 ⎞⎤
f f ⎜1 ⎟ f ⎢1 ⎜ ⎟⎥ = (1 ± 10–4)f
⎝ c⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎜ 3.0 10 8 ⎟⎥
⎝ ⎠⎦
R
v
t
I
10 9.2
I0
I = 109.2(10–12)
= 1.58 × 10–3 W/m2
P
Now, I
4R 2
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 165
E
and P
t
E = Pt = I(4R2)t
E = (1.58 × 10–3 W/m2) (413602 m2) (0.200 s)
E = 7.4 × 103 J
72. Answer (3)
At the centre of the circle, the ambulance is moving neither towards nor away from the observer, so the wavelength
doesn’t change.
73. Answer (3)
For a “loud sound” or resonance, the piston must be at the position of a node. Therefore the distance through
which the piston is moved between 2 adjacent resonances is .
2
⎛⎞
So, (36.4 cm – 5.2 cm) = 3 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠
= 20.8 cm
v = f
2
k = 16 =
8
Shortest string will contain 1 loop i.e. length l 0 .2 m
2 16
75. Answer (2)
The tension in the wire is just equal to the weight, as can be seen by considering a free body diagram at one of the
blocks.
T
W
1/ 2 1/ 2
⎛T ⎞ ⎛ 50 ⎞
The speed of a transverse wave in this wire is then v = v ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟ 50 m/s
⎝⎠ ⎝ 0.02 ⎠
Tapping the wire induces a standing wave, whose maximum wavelength is = 2L = 2 × 0.2 = 0.4 m. Lastly, the
v 50
frequency corresponding to this wavelength can be obtained from v = f or f 125 Hz
0.4
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166 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
1 T 1 Stress 1 strain
f
2l 2l Density 2l Density
1
2.2 1011
1 100
f
2 1.5 7.7 103
1 2
= 106
3 7
1000 2
= 178.2 Hz
3 7
300
In first case, fundamental frequency = 100 Hz
3
1 T
100 ...(i)
2 l1
450
In second case, fundamental frequency 225 Hz
2
1 T
225 ...(ii)
2l 2
100 4 4 40
l2 120 120
225 9 3
160
cm 53.3 cm
3
f T 0.81T
f T 0 .9
f T T
f f
100 10% decrease in frequency = 10%
f
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 167
79. Answer (3)
i = 60°
sin i v1 330 1
Snell law gives sin r v 1320 4
2
1
sinr = 4sini = 4 × =2
2
As sinr can not be greater than 1, refraction does not occur.
80. Answer (2)
y1 = 0.1sin(3t + x)
at t = 0, y1 = 0.1sin4x
at x = 4.5, y1 = 0.1sin(4) (4.5) = 0.1sin9(2) = 0
y2 = 0.2sin(3t – 5x)
⎡ ⎛5⎞ ⎤
at t = 0, y2 = 0.2sin(–5x) = 0.2sin ⎢ ⎜ 2 ⎟ 2x ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎛5⎞ ⎤
at x = 4.5, y2 = 0sin ⎢ ⎜ 2 ⎟ (2)( 4.5)⎥ = 0.2sin[–11.25(2)]
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎛ ⎞
= 0.2sin[–0.25(2)] = 0.2sin ⎜ ⎟ = 0.2sin(–45) = –0.14
⎝ 4⎠
y = y1 + y2 = 0 – 0.14 = –0.14
81. Answer (2)
The power of a wave is proportional to the amplitude squared, all other things being equal.
2
⎛ 0 .5 ⎞
Thus, Pwindy/Pcalm = ⎜ ⎟ 25
⎝ 0 .1 ⎠
82. Answer (1)
By increasing tension, frequency of sonometer wire increases (as f T ) and the difference between sonometer
frequency and tuning fork frequency decreases. This means, sonometer frequency is less than that of tuning fork.
340 – 5 = 335 Hz is the required frequency
83. Answer (4)
I I1 I2 2 I1I2 cos
2
Imax I1 I2 [ = 0]
Imin I1 I2 2 I1I2 [ = ]
2
Imin I1 I2
2
Imax I1 I2
I2
2
Imin I1
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168 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
⎛I ⎞
L2 – L1 = 10log ⎜ max ⎟ = 10 log4 = 6 dB
⎝ I ⎠
85. Answer (3)
From the equation for the sound intensity level
⎛ I ⎞
= 10 log10 ⎜⎜ I ⎟
⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠
The intensity of the dog’s bark is
I = I010 0.1
The rock concert is 104 times as loud, which is therefore 109I0. Thus, the sound intensity level is
⎛ 10 9 I 0 ⎞
10 log⎜ ⎟
⎜ I ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠
= 90 dB
86. Answer (3)
If block - 1 decreases intensity by 10%, block-2 will further cause it to decrease by 10%
Let I be the initial intensity I1 = I × 0.9 = 0.9I0
I2 = 0.9 × I1 = 0.81I
87. Answer (2)
1
For a point source I
x2
1
A A = A0x–1
x
88. Answer (2)
⎛ 1⎞
y = sin ⎜ x 2t ⎟
⎝ 6⎠
y = sin [at t = 0, x = 0]
6
1
y
2
dy ⎛ 1⎞
Slope cos ⎜ x 2t ⎟
dx ⎝ 6⎠
dy
cos [at t = 0, x = 0]
dx 6
dy 3
slope is positive.
dx 2
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 169
89. Answer (1)
= 102 rad/s
= 0.5 kg/m3
I = 10–9 W/m2
Pmax 2 104 N/m2
I
Pmax 2 9
2 104 2
, 10
2 .v 2 0.5 v
v = 4 × 10–8 × 109 = 40 m/s.
P m 2 104
Amplitude of wave A 107 m
v 2
10 0.5 40
102
k 2.5 m1
V 40
y = A sin (kx + t + )
= 10–7 sin (2.5 x + 100 t + )
2
= 10–7 cos (2.5 x + 100 t )
90. Answer (2)
Factual
91. Answer (2)
Velocity of sound w.r.t. ground = (V + Vw)
From Doppler’s effect
V Vw V0
f = V V V f0
w s
f V Vw V0
f0 V Vw Vs
⎛ 330 30 ⎞
fo = ⎜ ⎟ 540 = 648 Hz
⎝ 330 30 ⎠
c v
f = f0 ; v = relative speed of approach
c v
c
c
f = 10 2 10 3 17.3 GHz
c
c
2
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170 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
⎛ v v0 ⎞ ⎛ v v0 ⎞
338⎜ ⎟ 342⎜ ⎟
⎝ v ⎠ ⎝ v ⎠
338 × (340 + v0) = 342(v – v0)
Clearly v0 = 2 ms–1 satisfies the above condition.
93. Answer (1)
P PV nRT
∵ V
m m
V T
v T 1
v T
⎛ 1 ⎞
340 ⎜1 ⎟
⎝ 546 ⎠
( A1 A2 )2
2
Imax I1 I2
[∵ I A2]
I2
2
Imin I1 ( A1 A2 )2
2
⎛43⎞
⎜ ⎟ 49 : 1
⎝43⎠
97. Answer (3)
For a tube closed at one end in its lowest frequency mode, the closed end is a node and the open end is an
1
antinode with no other nodes in between. Therefore the length L of the tube is wavelength.
4
= 4L
v = 340 m/s
= 4l = 4 × 0.80
= 3.20 metre
∵ 1
f
l
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 171
and shorter tube has length 80 cm therefore length of larger tube with lower frequency can be find as
f2 = 106 – 17 = 89 Hz
v 340
3.82 metre
f2 89
3.82
and l 0.955 95 cm
4 4
98. Answer (3)
2
Let y = Asin(t – kx), where k
2
1 ⎛ y ⎞ 1 mA 2 2
KE = m⎜ ⎟ mA 2 2 cos 2 (t kx ) [1 + cos(2t – 2kx)]
2 ⎝ t ⎠ 2 4
Now 2Kx =
3
v 360
x
12 12f 500 12 = 0.06 m = 6 cm
⎛v u ⎞
f ⎜ ⎟f
⎝v u ⎠
⎛ 340 25 ⎞
f ⎜ ⎟ 60 10 3 Hz
⎝ 340 25 ⎠
= 69.6 × 103 Hz
70 kHz
100. Answer (4)
A v
3
B
4
v = 90 m/s
Velocity of source along AB
⎛ 4 ⎞ 4v
vs = v cos v ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 5⎠ 5
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172 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
⎛ 3 ⎞ 3v
v0 = v sin v ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
5 5
Apparent frequency
u = speed of sound = 340 m/s
⎛ 3v ⎞
v
⎛ u v0 ⎞ ⎜ 5 ⎟
0 ⎜ 0 ⎜
⎝ u v ⎟⎠ 4v ⎟
⎜v ⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠
⎛ 340 54 ⎞ ⎛ 286 ⎞
1800 ⎜ 1800 ⎜ 1921 Hz
⎝ 340 72 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 268 ⎟⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞
l 17 m ⎜ as k ⎟
2 ⎝ 17 ⎠
100
Now, v = 1700 ms–1
k / 17
t = 10–2 s
103. Answer (4)
y = y1 + y2 + y3 = A[sin(kx – t) + sin(kx – t + ) + sin(kx – t + 2)] = 0
sin(kx – t) + sin(kx – t + ) + sin(kx – t + 2) = 0
2sin(kx t )sin 2sin(kx t )sin 2sin(kx t 2)sin 0
2 2 2
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ 3 ⎞
cos ⎜ kx t ⎟ cos ⎜ kx t ⎟ cos ⎛⎜ kx t ⎞⎟ cos ⎛⎜ kx t ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
cos ⎜ kx t ⎟ cos ⎜ kx t ⎟0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
cos ⎜ kx t ⎟ cos ⎜ kx t ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
5
2n
2 2
2 2 4
or or
3 3 3
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 173
104. Answer (2)
y = 0 for all x whenever cos(3.00t) = 0
i.e., when 3.00t = or t 0.524 s
2 ( 3 2) 6
RT
v
M
Maximum and least molecular moss (or atomic mass) mark the maximum speed.
106. Answer (2)
The power of a wave is proportional to f 2A2. Thus, to have the same power at one-third the frequency, the
amplitude must be tripled (i.e., ACBX/ACBY = 3), since the product of frequency and amplitude must be the same.
107. Answer (1)
P
v Now, E = P (adiabatic) and E = P (isothermal)
E P
v
E
l = 410 m
P dx Q
T1 T2
x x=l
x=0
T2 T1 dx
T T1 .x , v
l dt
dx
20 t
dt
dx
dt
20 T
t l
∫ ∫
dx
⇒ dt
0 0 T2 T1
20
T1 .x
l
T2 T1 l
T1 xP, dx dP
l T2 T1
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174 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
⎛ l ⎞
⎜⎝ T T ⎟⎠ d P l2 P
∫ ∫
dx 2 1
T2 T1 P T2 T1
T1 x
l
2l T T
T1 2 1 . x
T2 T1 l
l
1 2l ⎡ T2 T1 ⎤
t . ⎢ T1 .x ⎥
20 T2 T1 ⎣ l ⎦0
l ⎡ T2 T1 ⎤
t
10 T2 T1 ⎣ ⎦
l
10 T2 T1
410
10 441 400
410
1s
10 21 20
109. Answer (2)
v
For a tube closed at one end, the fundamental frequency is f1 = 340 m/s ( 4 0.60 m) = 142 Hz
4L
It can have only odd harmonic e.g. 3 × 142 = 426 Hz, 5 × 142 = 710 Hz etc.
(2n 1)v
f 1250
4L
(2n 1) 340
1250
0.85 4
2n – 1 12.5
Answer is 6.
1/ 2
⎡ I ⎤
Therefore y 0 ⎢ 2 2⎥
⎣⎢ (2 vf ⎦⎥
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3
Speed of sound in water = 1550 m/s
y0 = [(1.5 × 10–5 W/m2) / (2 2 × 1000 kg/m3 × 1550 m/s (60 × 103 Hz)2]1/2 = 1.2 × 10–11 m
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Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 175
111. Answer (1)
⎛ v ⎞ ⎛ v ⎞
f1 ⎜⎜ ⎟f ; f2 ⎜
⎟
⎟
⎜ v v ⎟f
⎝ v vs ⎠ ⎝ s ⎠
f f
or 2
f1 f2
P
I=
[area]
P
I
4R 2
1.25 10 3
Thus, I
( 4 10 2 )
⎛ I ⎞
10 log10 ⎜⎜ ⎟ dB
⎟
⎝ I0 ⎠
Where
I0 = 10–12 W/m2
Thus, we have
⎛ 1.0 10 6 ⎞
10 log10 ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 10 12 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= 60 dB
113. Answer (4)
f1 – f2 = 1 Hz
Also, l1 + l2 = 100, l1 – I2 = 0.2 cm
k k
1
49.9 50.1
50.1 49.9
k
0 .2
k 50.1
Now, f1 250.5 Hz
49.9 0 .2
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176 Waves and Thermodynamics Solutions of Success Achiever (Part-I)
f
f
2
T
T
2
T
T
4
T 3
T 4
115. Answer (2)
As the tube is drawn away by 9.00 cm, the path difference introduced is 2 × 9.00 = 18.00 cm
So, x = 18.00 cm
3
This represents the distance between a crest and the second next trough i.e. x
2 2
3
18.00
2
or = 12.00 cm
v 348
Now f 2.9 kHz
12.00 10 2
v 360
1m
0 360
2
⎛ 3⎞ 2 S
Path difference = 2 ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ x 3
2
2
⎛ 3⎞ O
2 ⎜ ⎟ x2 5
⎝ 2⎠
⎛9 2⎞ 25
⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠
4 4
25 9 16
x2 4
4 4 4
x=2m
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