Math 201—Assignment 5 Solutions

1.  π
g(t) = u t − sin(t)
2
n  π o
L{g(t)}(s) = e−π/2 L sin t + (s)
2
= e−π/2 L {cos t} (s)
se−πs/2
=
s2 + 1

2.  
−1 −s 1 1
L e 2
= [sin 2(t − 1)] u(t − 1)
s +4 2
3. The function g(t) can be represented as g(t) = 3 sin t − 3 sin tu(t − 2π).
The Laplace transform of the equation then becomes:
3 3
s2 J(s) − s − 3 + 4J(s) = − e−2πs 2
s2 +1 s +1
where J(s) is the Laplace transform of I(t). Then
s 3 3 3
J(s) = + 2 + 2 − e−2πs 2
s2 2
+ 4 s + 4 (s + 1)(s + 4) (s + 1)(s2 + 4)
After computing the partial fractions corresponding to
3
(s2 + 1)(s2 + 4)
and inverting the Laplace transform we obtain
1
I(t) = sin t + sin 2t + cos 2t + ( sin 2t − sin t)u(t − 2π).
2

4.

w(t) = cos t + [1 − cos(t − 2)]u(t − 2) − [1 − cos(t − 4)]u(t − 4)

1
5. Take the Laplace transform of the DE to get:
e−πs e−2πs
s2 Y (s) + 4sY (s) + 4Y (s) = −
s s
1
e−πs − e −2πs


⇒ Y (s) = 2
s(s + 2)

Using the partial fractions decomposition for a denominator containing

a repeated linear factor
1 A B C
2
= + +
s(s + 2) s s + 2 (s + 2)2
we find A = 1/4, B = −1/4, C = −1/2, so
 
1 1 1
Y (s) = − − e−πs
4s 4(s + 2) 2(s + 2)2
 
1 1 1
− − − e−2πs
4s 4(s + 2) 2(s + 2)2
The inverse transform results in
1
u(t − π) 1 − e−2(t−π) − 2(t − π)e−2(t−π)


y(t) =
4
1
− u(t − 2π) 1 − e−2(t−2π) − 2(t − 2π)e−2(t−2π)


4

6. Using step functions we can rewrite

t t
fT (t) = − u(t − a).
a a
Then:
t t
L{fT (t)}(s) = L{ − u(t − a)}(s)
a a
= 1/a 1/s2 − e−as (1/s2 + a/s) .

Then according to the formula for the Laplace transform of periodic

functions we have:
L{fT (t)}(s)
L{f (t)}(s) =
1 − e−as
1 − e−as (1 + as)
= .
as2 (1 − e−as )

2
7. Take the Laplace transform of the DE and let Y (s) = L{y(t)}(s):

s2 Y (s) − 1 + Y (s) = L{g(t)}(s)

Then
1 1
Y (s) = + L{g(t)}(s)
1 + s2 s2 + 1
1
= + L{sin t}(s)L{g(t)}(s)
1 + s2

Take the inverse transform, using the convolution theorem to handle

the right-most term:

y(t) = sin t + (sin ∗g)(t)

Zt
= sin t + sin(t − v)g(v)dv
0
Zt
= sin t + g(t − v) sin vdv
0

Any of these ways of expressing the answer suffices.

8.  
−1 1 1 t
L (t) = sin 2t − cos 2t
(s2 + 4)2 16 8

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 9. By the convolution theorem, note that
 
−1 1 1 1 2
L 3 2
(t) = t ∗ sin t
s (s + 1) 2
Zt
1
= v 2 sin(t − v)dv
2
0
Zt
1
= (t − v)2 sin vdv
2
0
Zt Zt
1 2 1
= t sin vdv − 2t v sin vdv
2 2
0 0
Zt
1
+ v 2 sin vdv
2
0

After computing these integrals (using formulas in the front cover of

the text, or integration by parts), you should get
1
cos t − 1 + t2
2

10. Take the Laplace transform of the equation. Notice the integral is a
convolution, so its Laplace transform is a product. You should get

Y (s) + L{t}(s)Y (s) = L{t2 }(s)

1 2
⇒ Y (s) + 2 Y (s) = 3
s s
2 2 2s
⇒ Y (s) = 2
= − 2
s(s + 1) s s +1
⇒ y(t) = 2 − 2 cos t

11.
t 3 3
y(t) = − + 2e−t + e2t
2 4 4

4
 R∞
12. First note that L{e−t δ(t − 2)} = e−st e−t δ(t − 2)dt = e−2(s+1) . Taking
0
the Laplace transform of both sides of the equation we obtain

s2 Y − 2s + 5 + 5sY − 10 + 6Y = e−2(s+1)

or
2s + 5 −2 e−2s
Y = + e .
s2 + 5s + 6 s2 + 5s + 6
Using partial fractioning we obtain:
2s + 5 2s + 5 1 1
= = + ,
s2 + 5s + 6 (s + 2)(s + 3) s+2 s+3
so the inverse Laplace transform is
2s + 5
L−1 { } = e−2t + e−3t .
s2 + 5s + 6
On the other hand, since
1 1 1
L−1 { 2
} = L −1
{ − } = e−2t − e−3t
s + 5s + 6 s+2 s+3
using theorem 8 on p. 386 of the text we obtain that
e−2s
 
−1
 −2(t−2) −3(t−2)

L = e − e u(t − 2).
s2 + 5s + 6
Combining all these results we obtain the solution

y(t) = e−2t + e−3t + e−2 e−2(t−2) − e−3(t−2) u(t − 2).

 

13. The Laplace transforms of the two equations read

1
sX(s) − 3X(s) + 2Y (s) =
+1 s2
s
4X(s) − sY (s) − Y (s) = 2
s +1
Eliminating Y (s) we obtain
3s + 1
X(s) =
(s2 + 1)(s2 − 2s + 5)

5
 The right-hand side can be partial fractioned to the form

As + B C(s − 1) + D
2
+ 2
(s + 1) (s − 2s + 5)

and the constants A, B, C and D are given by

A = 7/10; B = −1/10; C = −7/10; D = 2/5

The solution is then given by

x(t) = 7/10 cos t − 1/10 sin t − 7/10et cos 2t + 2/5et sin 2t

Computing the derivative of x(t) and substituting together with x(t)

into the first equation yields for y(t)

−11/10et cos 2t − 3/10et sin 2t + 11/10 cos t + 7/10 sin t

14. The Laplace transforms of the two equations read

sX(s) + Y (s) − X(s) = 0

2 e−3s
2sX(s) + s Y (s) − s + 1 =
s
Eliminating Y (s) we obtain for X(s)
e−3s s−1
X(s) = − − 2 (1)
s2 (s2− s − 2) (s − s − 2)s

The partial fractions for the first term read

1 A B C D
= + 2+ +
s2 (s2 − s − 2) s s s+1 s−2

and the system for determining A, B, C, D is

A+C +D =0 (2)
−A + B − 2C + D =0 (3)
−2A − B =0 (4)
−2B =1 (5)

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 The solution to this system is given by: A = 1/4, B = −1/2, C =
−1/3, D = 1/12. The partial fractions corresponding to the second
term are given by
s−1 A B C
= + +
s(s2− s − 2) s s+1 s−2

Then the system for A, B, C is

A+B+C =0 (6)
−A − 2B + C = 1 (7)
−2A = −1 (8)

and the solution to it is: A = 1/2, B = −2/3, C = 1/6. Taking the

inverse transform of (1) we finally obtain

x(t) = −1/2−1/6e2t +2/3e−t +(−1/4+1/2(t−3)+1/3e−t+3 −1/12e2t−6 )u(t−3)

Next, eliminating X(s), computing Y (s) and inverting the Laplace

transform we obtain for y(t)

y(t) = −1/2+1/6e2t +4/3e−t +(−3/4+1/2(t−3)+2/3e−t+3 +1/12e2t−6 )u(t−3)

15.
1 1
x(t) = −1 + et + e−t + cos t + (1 + cos(t − 1))u(t − 1)
2 2
1 t 1 −t
y(t) = e + e − cos t − (1 + cos(t − 1))u(t − 1)
2 2