Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Ode, Robert C. “Excerpts from an Iran Hostage's Diary.” Digital History, 1979,
www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=1079

Robert C. Ode’s diary, in my opinion, is the most reliable of the articles. This provides
the highlights of the 444 days they were held hostage. It also tells some of the events that
took place and how they were treated. This diary is a primary source because it provides
a first hand account of what events took place.

“A Captive Reflects on the Iran Hostage Crisis.” NPR, NPR, 21 Jan. 2006,
www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5166956.

This is an interview taken by Debbie Elliot, concerning the “long ordeal and the taste of
freedom”. Retired Army Col. Chuck Scott’s interview tells more about how they were
treated by the Iranians, keeping them hostage. A lot of the interview was about the
process of them going home and their relief. This interview is a primary source because it
provides a first hand account of the events took place.

FPA1918. “John Limbert - 444 Days in Captivity in Tehran.” YouTube, YouTube, 2 Mar. 2016,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn6ZaNB0-lA.

This is an interview of former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Iran John Limbert.
During the interview he reflects on the build up to those 444 days in captivity and its
lasting implications for the Foreign Service and American-Iranian relations. This tells
what led up to the conflict and how it will forever affect life. This interview is a primary
source because it provides a first hand account of what events took place.

“Interview with L. Bruce Laingen.” The Library of Congress,

www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000651

This interview was definitely the most detailed of the interviews. This source tells about
how he wound up in Tehran and all the events leading up to what he did when he got
back home. This is a primary source because Bruce Laingen was actually there during the
IHC.
Bos, Carole. “Escape from Iran: The Inside Story.” AwesomeStories.com,
www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/Argo-Actual-Six-Escapees-Tell-Their-Story
 This great source gives the interviews of the people that escaped before being captured.
This helps because it gives an insight of what it was like for them during the IHC. This is
a primary source because the interviews were of people that were actually there.

nistyboy32. “The Final Warning.” YouTube, YouTube, 11 Dec. 2011,

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npcT1dPEdo.

This helps tell what decisions Jimmy Carter made throughout the event. This could could
also explain why he made these decisions and how it affected the IHC. This is a primary
source because Jimmy Carter was actually there, during the crisis.

wwwMOXNEWScom. “President Jimmy Carter's Final State Of The Union Address In 1980.”
YouTube, YouTube, 11 Jan. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZl33XKXCzE

This interview helps because it shows how Jimmy Carter felt at time of crisis. This was
the last State of Union Address of 1980. This is a primary source because it was made at
the time of the IHC, and is a first hand account of the IHC.

“THE 31ST MARINE AMPHIBIOUS UNIT IN THE ARABIAN SEA DURING THE
HOSTAGE CRISIS .” THE 31ST MARINE AMPHIBIOUS UNIT IN THE ARABIAN SEA
DURING THE HOSTAGE CRISIS, rescueattempt.tripod.com/id5.html.

This shows the faith and support the people had during the crisis. This was an attempt by
Jimmy Carter to save the hostages. This is a primary source because it was made at the
time of the IHC.

Secondary Sources

Randolph , Stephen. “The Iranian Hostage Crisis.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department
of State, history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/iraniancrises.

The article "The Iranian Hostage Crisis" helps the reader understand more about the
governments, during the Iran Hostage Crisis. This also tells more about Jimmy Carter's
decisions and opinion at the time. This is valuable because Jimmy Carter's actions
affected the turnout of the crisis.
History.com Staff. “Iran Hostage Crisis.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2010,
www.history.com/topics/iran-hostage-crisis.
 This secondary source website was useful because of how in depth it goes about the
“Operation Eagle Claw”. This helps my project because it shows some of Jimmy Carter’s
decisions, during the crisis. This operation may have caused Jimmy Carter a 2nd term.

“Iran Hostage Crisis Fast Facts.” CNN, Cable News Network, 20 Oct. 2017,
www.cnn.com/2013/09/15/world/meast/iran-hostage-crisis-fast-facts/index.html

This website helps because all of the events are in chronological order. It shows why the
Iran Hostage Crisis occured, Shah was allowed into U.S. It also gives all the information
about how the crisis ended and events that took place during the IHC.

Moin, Baqer. Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. I.B. Tauris, 2009.

This book helps because it gives a look at Ayatollah Khomeini’s childhood. This is
important because his troubled past affected the IHC. This is a secondary source because
it isn't written on a first hand account.

“The Iranian Hostage Crisis.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State,
history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/iraniancrises

This website is valuable because it provides what is happening in the US government at

the time. Jimmy Carter experienced many problems because of the IHC and wasn't
making the right decisions. This is a secondary source because it is not a first hand
account and wasn't taken at the time.

Brumberg, Daniel. Reinventing Khomeini: the Struggle for Reform in Iran. University of
Chicago Press, 2001.

This source helps because it tells about political relations with Iran. This also tells about
how Ayatollah Khomeini became leader of Iran. This is a secondary source because it
tells about the IHC without actually being there.

“Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 13 Oct. 2014,

www.biography.com/people/ayatollah-ruhollah-khomeini-13680544

This biography goes into great detail about Khomeini’s childhood. His childhood shaped
his beliefs and how he acted upon Shah moving to the US. This is a secondary source
because the author wasn't actually in the IHC.
Grantham, Dewey, and Thomas Maxwell Long. Recent America: USA Since 1945 Third
Edition. 2011. Print.

This book included information about the US and Iranian responses to the Iranian
Hostage Crisis. This really helps because the decisions affected the way the IHC turned
out. This is a secondary source because this isn't an actual account from someone being
there.

Bowden, Mark. Guests of the Ayatollah the First Battle in America's War with Militant Islam.
Atlantic Books, 2006.

This book goes into great detail from the possible beginning and end. This helps because
all the information from the IHC is in one organized book. This is a secondary source
because the author wasn't actually there.