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One-Way ANOVA - Col_3 by Col_1

Dependent variable: Col_3


Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 10
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_3. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_3 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.

Scatterplot by Level Code

100

80

60
Col_3

40

20

0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_3


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
S1 2 22.0 0 0% 22.0 22.0 0
S2 2 1.0 0 0% 1.0 1.0 0
S3 2 59.0 0 0% 59.0 59.0 0
S4 2 85.0 0 0% 85.0 85.0 0
S5 2 100.0 0 0% 100.0 100.0 0
Total 10 53.4 39.2519 73.5054% 1.0 100.0 99.0

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
Total -0.248531 -1.1125

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_3 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_3

S2 S1 S3 S4 S5
Col_1

Residuals
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90

ANOVA Table for Col_3 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 13866.4 4 3466.6
Within groups 0 5 0
Total (Corr.) 13866.4 9

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_3 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals , is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the within-group
estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean
Col_3 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means are significantly
different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

100

80

60
Col_3

40

20

0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_3 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
S1 2 22.0 0 22.0 22.0
S2 2 1.0 0 1.0 1.0
S3 2 59.0 0 59.0 59.0
S4 2 85.0 0 85.0 85.0
S5 2 100.0 0 100.0 100.0
Total 10 53.4

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_3 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

S1

S2
Col_1

S3

S4

S5

0 20 40 60 80 100
Col_3

Multiple Range Tests for Col_3 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
S2 2 1.0 X
S1 2 22.0 X
S3 2 59.0 X
S4 2 85.0 X
S5 2 100.0 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


S1 - S2 * 21.0 0
S1 - S3 * -37.0 0
S1 - S4 * -63.0 0
S1 - S5 * -78.0 0
S2 - S3 * -58.0 0
S2 - S4 * -84.0 0
S2 - S5 * -99.0 0
S3 - S4 * -26.0 0
S3 - S5 * -41.0 0
S4 - S5 * -15.0 0
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 10 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence
level. At the top of the page, 5 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_3

0.1

0.06

0.02
residual

-0.02

-0.06

-0.1
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Col_1

Cannot run variance tests.

Analysis of Means Plot for Col_3


With 95% Decision Limits

100
UDL=53.40
CL=53.40
80 LDL=53.40

60
Mean

40

20

0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
S1 2 3.5
S2 2 1.5
S3 2 5.5
S4 2 7.5
S5 2 9.5
Test statistic = 9.0 P-Value = 0.0610995
The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_3 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05, there is not a statistically
significant difference amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level.

Median Plot

100

80

60
Col_3

40

20

0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Total n = 10
Grand median = 59.0

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
S1 2 2 0 22.0
S2 2 2 0 1.0
S3 2 2 0 59.0
S4 2 0 2 85.0
S5 2 0 2 100.0
Test statistic = 10.0 P-Value = 0.0404277

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 59.0. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.
Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
S1
S2
0.8 S3
S4
S5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Col_3

One-Way ANOVA - Col_2 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_2
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_2. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_2 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.

Scatterplot by Level Code

65

61

57
Col_2

53

49

45
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_2


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 62.982 1.2391 1.96739% 61.61 64.58 2.97
L2 5 60.768 1.3781 2.26781% 59.22 61.95 2.73
L3 5 59.898 1.26723 2.11565% 58.02 60.89 2.87
L4 5 57.694 1.6474 2.85541% 55.86 59.19 3.33
L5 5 49.152 2.16944 4.41374% 45.71 51.6 5.89
Total 25 58.0988 5.09054 8.76186% 45.71 64.58 18.87

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 0.133815 -0.82421
L2 -0.499228 -1.47676
L3 -0.921632 -0.402787
L4 -0.392105 -1.42666
L5 -0.951433 0.899826
Total -2.2745 0.311517

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_2 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.

Graphical ANOVA for Col_2

L5 L4 L3 L2 L1
Col_1 P = 0.0000

Residuals
-23 -13 -3 7 17

ANOVA Table for Col_2 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 572.082 4 143.021 57.39 0.0000
Within groups 49.8432 20 2.49216
Total (Corr.) 621.926 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_2 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 57.3882, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_2 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.
Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

66

63

60
Col_2

57

54

51

48
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_2 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 62.982 0.705997 61.9407 64.0233
L2 5 60.768 0.705997 59.7267 61.8093
L3 5 59.898 0.705997 58.8567 60.9393
L4 5 57.694 0.705997 56.6527 58.7353
L5 5 49.152 0.705997 48.1107 50.1933
Total 25 58.0988

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_2 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.
Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

45 49 53 57 61 65
Col_2

Multiple Range Tests for Col_2 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L5 5 49.152 X
L4 5 57.694 X
L3 5 59.898 X
L2 5 60.768 X
L1 5 62.982 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 * 2.214 2.0827
L1 - L3 * 3.084 2.0827
L1 - L4 * 5.288 2.0827
L1 - L5 * 13.83 2.0827
L2 - L3 0.87 2.0827
L2 - L4 * 3.074 2.0827
L2 - L5 * 11.616 2.0827
L3 - L4 * 2.204 2.0827
L3 - L5 * 10.746 2.0827
L4 - L5 * 8.542 2.0827
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 9 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 4 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.
Residual Plot for Col_2

residual 2

-2

-4
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 0.16931 0.951521

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 1.2391 1.3781 0.808443 0.8417
L1 / L3 1.2391 1.26723 0.956099 0.9663
L1 / L4 1.2391 1.6474 0.565737 0.5946
L1 / L5 1.2391 2.16944 0.326225 0.3035
L2 / L3 1.3781 1.26723 1.18264 0.8748
L2 / L4 1.3781 1.6474 0.699786 0.7378
L2 / L5 1.3781 2.16944 0.403523 0.4009
L3 / L4 1.26723 1.6474 0.591714 0.6237
L3 / L5 1.26723 2.16944 0.341205 0.3225
L4 / L5 1.6474 2.16944 0.576638 0.6069

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_2 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 0, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_2
With 95% Decision Limits

64
UDL=59.86
CL=58.10
61 LDL=56.34

58
Mean

55

52

49
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 22.4
L2 5 17.4
L3 5 13.4
L4 5 8.8
L5 5 3.0
Test statistic = 20.8172 P-Value = 0.000344214

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_2 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

64

61

58
Col_2

55

52

49
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 59.22

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 0 5 63.09
L2 5 1 4 61.5
L3 5 2 3 60.62
L4 5 5 0 58.31
L5 5 5 0 49.72
Test statistic = 16.9872 P-Value = 0.00194407

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 59.22. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
45 49 53 57 61 65
Col_2

One-Way ANOVA - Col_3 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_3
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_3. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_3 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

18

17

16
Col_3

15

14

13

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_3


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 12.716 0.530688 4.17339% 12.29 13.58 1.29
L2 5 13.392 0.931703 6.95716% 12.52 14.48 1.96
L3 5 13.56 0.275862 2.03438% 13.23 13.96 0.73
L4 5 14.732 0.272066 1.84677% 14.39 15.07 0.68
L5 5 16.638 0.56641 3.40431% 15.99 17.2 1.21
Total 25 14.2076 1.49915 10.5518% 12.29 17.2 4.91

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 1.30808 0.73136
L2 0.392318 -1.36806
L3 0.470935 0.10334
L4 0.0990551 -0.645062
L5 -0.190055 -1.31019
Total 1.33954 -0.503777

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_3 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.

WARNING: There is more than a 3 to 1 difference between the smallest standard deviation and the largest. This may
cause problems since the analysis of variance assumes that the standard deviations at all levels are equal. Select
Variance Check from the list of Tabular Options to run a formal statistical test for differences among the sigmas. You
may want to consider transforming the values of Col_3 to remove any dependence of the standard deviation on the
mean.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_3

L1 L2L3 L4 L5
Col_1 P = 0.0000

Residuals
-3.8 -1.8 0.2 2.2 4.2 6.2

ANOVA Table for Col_3 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 47.4565 4 11.8641 36.60 0.0000
Within groups 6.48256 20 0.324128
Total (Corr.) 53.9391 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_3 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 36.6032, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_3 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

18

17

16
Col_3

15

14

13

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_3 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 12.716 0.254609 12.3405 13.0915
L2 5 13.392 0.254609 13.0165 13.7675
L3 5 13.56 0.254609 13.1845 13.9355
L4 5 14.732 0.254609 14.3565 15.1075
L5 5 16.638 0.254609 16.2625 17.0135
Total 25 14.2076

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_3 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Col_3

Multiple Range Tests for Col_3 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L1 5 12.716 X
L2 5 13.392 XX
L3 5 13.56 X
L4 5 14.732 X
L5 5 16.638 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 -0.676 0.751097
L1 - L3 * -0.844 0.751097
L1 - L4 * -2.016 0.751097
L1 - L5 * -3.922 0.751097
L2 - L3 -0.168 0.751097
L2 - L4 * -1.34 0.751097
L2 - L5 * -3.246 0.751097
L3 - L4 * -1.172 0.751097
L3 - L5 * -3.078 0.751097
L4 - L5 * -1.906 0.751097
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 8 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 4 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_3

1.2

0.8

0.4
residual

-0.4

-0.8

-1.2
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 1.79713 0.16905

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 0.530688 0.931703 0.324432 0.3012
L1 / L3 0.530688 0.275862 3.70079 0.2330
L1 / L4 0.530688 0.272066 3.80478 0.2238
L1 / L5 0.530688 0.56641 0.877844 0.9026
L2 / L3 0.931703 0.275862 11.407 0.0369
L2 / L4 0.931703 0.272066 11.7275 0.0351
L2 / L5 0.931703 0.56641 2.70579 0.3583
L3 / L4 0.275862 0.272066 1.0281 0.9792
L3 / L5 0.275862 0.56641 0.237205 0.1924
L4 / L5 0.272066 0.56641 0.230721 0.1845

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_3 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 2, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_3
With 95% Decision Limits

17
UDL=14.84
CL=14.21
16 LDL=13.57

15
Mean

14

13

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 4.6
L2 5 9.2
L3 5 10.4
L4 5 17.8
L5 5 23.0
Test statistic = 19.8277 P-Value = 0.000540069

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_3 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

17

16

15
Col_3

14

13

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 13.96

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 5 0 12.49
L2 5 3 2 13.06
L3 5 5 0 13.53
L4 5 0 5 14.65
L5 5 0 5 16.72
Test statistic = 20.1923 P-Value = 0.000457582

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 13.96. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Col_3

One-Way ANOVA - Col_4 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_4
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_4. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_4 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

15

14.5

14
Col_4

13.5

13

12.5

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_4


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 13.8 0.510637 3.70027% 13.22 14.35 1.13
L2 5 13.314 0.22289 1.6741% 13.06 13.59 0.53
L3 5 13.788 0.171377 1.24294% 13.51 13.96 0.45
L4 5 13.714 0.91544 6.67522% 12.6 14.56 1.96
L5 5 13.904 0.269407 1.93762% 13.61 14.25 0.64
Total 25 13.704 0.50183 3.66192% 12.6 14.56 1.96

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 0.158631 -1.22359
L2 0.135374 -0.960442
L3 -1.15878 0.949595
L4 -0.459282 -1.31732
L5 0.334344 -0.93979
Total -0.542769 -0.356188

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_4 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.

WARNING: There is more than a 3 to 1 difference between the smallest standard deviation and the largest. This may
cause problems since the analysis of variance assumes that the standard deviations at all levels are equal. Select
Variance Check from the list of Tabular Options to run a formal statistical test for differences among the sigmas. You
may want to consider transforming the values of Col_4 to remove any dependence of the standard deviation on the
mean.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_4

L2 L4 L3
L1 L5
Col_1 P = 0.4104

Residuals
-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2

ANOVA Table for Col_4 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 1.04236 4 0.26059 1.04 0.4104
Within groups 5.00164 20 0.250082
Total (Corr.) 6.044 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_4 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 1.04202, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is greater than or equal to 0.05, there is not a statistically
significant difference between the mean Col_4 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

14.4

14

13.6
Col_4

13.2

12.8

12.4

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_4 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 13.8 0.223643 13.4701 14.1299
L2 5 13.314 0.223643 12.9841 13.6439
L3 5 13.788 0.223643 13.4581 14.1179
L4 5 13.714 0.223643 13.3841 14.0439
L5 5 13.904 0.223643 13.5741 14.2339
Total 25 13.704

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_4 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15


Col_4

Multiple Range Tests for Col_4 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L2 5 13.314 X
L4 5 13.714 X
L3 5 13.788 X
L1 5 13.8 X
L5 5 13.904 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 0.486 0.659749
L1 - L3 0.012 0.659749
L1 - L4 0.086 0.659749
L1 - L5 -0.104 0.659749
L2 - L3 -0.474 0.659749
L2 - L4 -0.4 0.659749
L2 - L5 -0.59 0.659749
L3 - L4 0.074 0.659749
L3 - L5 -0.116 0.659749
L4 - L5 -0.19 0.659749
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. There are no
statistically significant differences between any pair of means at the 95.0% confidence level. At the top of the page,
one homogenous group is identified by a column of X's. Within each column, the levels containing X's form a group of
means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method currently being used to discriminate
among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With this method, there is a 5.0% risk of
calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals 0.

Residual Plot for Col_4

1.2

0.8

0.4
residual

-0.4

-0.8

-1.2
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 2.83243 0.0518835

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 0.510637 0.22289 5.24859 0.1373
L1 / L3 0.510637 0.171377 8.87811 0.0573
L1 / L4 0.510637 0.91544 0.311146 0.2844
L1 / L5 0.510637 0.269407 3.59259 0.2432
L2 / L3 0.22289 0.171377 1.69152 0.6231
L2 / L4 0.22289 0.91544 0.0592819 0.0181
L2 / L5 0.22289 0.269407 0.684486 0.7223
L3 / L4 0.171377 0.91544 0.0350465 0.0067
L3 / L5 0.171377 0.269407 0.404657 0.4023
L4 / L5 0.91544 0.269407 11.5463 0.0361

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_4 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 3, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_4
With 95% Decision Limits

14.5
UDL=14.26
CL=13.70
14.2 LDL=13.15

13.9
Mean

13.6

13.3

13
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_4 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 13.8
L2 5 6.2
L3 5 14.6
L4 5 14.2
L5 5 16.2
Test statistic = 5.64185 P-Value = 0.22754

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_4 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05, there is not a statistically
significant difference amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level.

Median Plot

14.1

13.9
Col_4

13.7

13.5

13.3
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_4 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 13.71
Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 3 2 13.68
L2 5 5 0 13.3
L3 5 1 4 13.8
L4 5 2 3 14.09
L5 5 2 3 13.84
Test statistic = 7.37179 P-Value = 0.117497

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 13.71. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is greater than or equal to 0.05, the medians of the samples are not significantly different at the 95.0%
confidence level. Also included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order
statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15
Col_4

One-Way ANOVA - Col_2 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_2
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_2. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_2 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

53

51

49
Col_2

47

45

43

41
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_2


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 49.534 0.688426 1.3898% 48.65 50.45 1.8
L2 5 50.264 0.759526 1.51107% 49.34 51.27 1.93
L3 5 48.98 1.27391 2.60088% 47.74 50.93 3.19
L4 5 45.212 0.789601 1.74644% 44.07 46.18 2.11
L5 5 42.544 1.65618 3.89286% 41.01 45.0 3.99
Total 25 47.3068 3.17574 6.71307% 41.01 51.27 10.26

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 0.133125 -0.220433
L2 0.25753 -0.496312
L3 0.865064 0.18545
L4 -0.444694 0.171847
L5 0.698947 -0.110018
Total -1.36249 -0.794009

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_2 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_2

L5 L4 L3 L1 L2
Col_1 P = 0.0000

Residuals
-12 -8 -4 0 4 8

ANOVA Table for Col_2 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 217.888 4 54.4719 45.09 0.0000
Within groups 24.1602 20 1.20801
Total (Corr.) 242.048 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_2 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 45.0922, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_2 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

51

49

47
Col_2

45

43

41
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_2 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 49.534 0.491531 48.809 50.259
L2 5 50.264 0.491531 49.539 50.989
L3 5 48.98 0.491531 48.255 49.705
L4 5 45.212 0.491531 44.487 45.937
L5 5 42.544 0.491531 41.819 43.269
Total 25 47.3068

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_2 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

41 43 45 47 49 51 53
Col_2

Multiple Range Tests for Col_2 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L5 5 42.544 X
L4 5 45.212 X
L3 5 48.98 X
L1 5 49.534 X
L2 5 50.264 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 -0.73 1.45002
L1 - L3 0.554 1.45002
L1 - L4 * 4.322 1.45002
L1 - L5 * 6.99 1.45002
L2 - L3 1.284 1.45002
L2 - L4 * 5.052 1.45002
L2 - L5 * 7.72 1.45002
L3 - L4 * 3.768 1.45002
L3 - L5 * 6.436 1.45002
L4 - L5 * 2.668 1.45002
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 7 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 3 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_2

2.5

1.5

0.5
residual

-0.5

-1.5

-2.5
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 1.09501 0.385994

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 0.688426 0.759526 0.82154 0.8535
L1 / L3 0.688426 1.27391 0.292036 0.2603
L1 / L4 0.688426 0.789601 0.760149 0.7969
L1 / L5 0.688426 1.65618 0.172782 0.1174
L2 / L3 0.759526 1.27391 0.355473 0.3405
L2 / L4 0.759526 0.789601 0.925273 0.9418
L2 / L5 0.759526 1.65618 0.210315 0.1602
L3 / L4 1.27391 0.789601 2.60293 0.3767
L3 / L5 1.27391 1.65618 0.591648 0.6236
L4 / L5 0.789601 1.65618 0.227301 0.1804

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_2 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 0, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_2
With 95% Decision Limits

52
UDL=48.53
CL=47.31
50 LDL=46.08

48
Mean

46

44

42
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 17.4
L2 5 20.8
L3 5 15.8
L4 5 7.6
L5 5 3.4
Test statistic = 19.3255 P-Value = 0.000678239

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_2 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

52

50

48
Col_2

46

44

42
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 48.65

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 1 4 49.4
L2 5 0 5 50.05
L3 5 2 3 48.79
L4 5 5 0 45.38
L5 5 5 0 42.43
Test statistic = 16.9872 P-Value = 0.00194407

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 48.65. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
41 43 45 47 49 51 53
Col_2

One-Way ANOVA - Col_2 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_2
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_2. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_2 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

53

51

49
Col_2

47

45

43

41
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_2


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 49.534 0.688426 1.3898% 48.65 50.45 1.8
L2 5 50.264 0.759526 1.51107% 49.34 51.27 1.93
L3 5 48.98 1.27391 2.60088% 47.74 50.93 3.19
L4 5 45.212 0.789601 1.74644% 44.07 46.18 2.11
L5 5 42.544 1.65618 3.89286% 41.01 45.0 3.99
Total 25 47.3068 3.17574 6.71307% 41.01 51.27 10.26

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 0.133125 -0.220433
L2 0.25753 -0.496312
L3 0.865064 0.18545
L4 -0.444694 0.171847
L5 0.698947 -0.110018
Total -1.36249 -0.794009

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_2 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_2

L5 L4 L3 L1 L2
Col_1 P = 0.0000

Residuals
-12 -8 -4 0 4 8

ANOVA Table for Col_2 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 217.888 4 54.4719 45.09 0.0000
Within groups 24.1602 20 1.20801
Total (Corr.) 242.048 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_2 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 45.0922, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_2 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

51

49

47
Col_2

45

43

41
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_2 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 49.534 0.491531 48.809 50.259
L2 5 50.264 0.491531 49.539 50.989
L3 5 48.98 0.491531 48.255 49.705
L4 5 45.212 0.491531 44.487 45.937
L5 5 42.544 0.491531 41.819 43.269
Total 25 47.3068

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_2 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

41 43 45 47 49 51 53
Col_2

Multiple Range Tests for Col_2 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L5 5 42.544 X
L4 5 45.212 X
L3 5 48.98 X
L1 5 49.534 X
L2 5 50.264 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 -0.73 1.45002
L1 - L3 0.554 1.45002
L1 - L4 * 4.322 1.45002
L1 - L5 * 6.99 1.45002
L2 - L3 1.284 1.45002
L2 - L4 * 5.052 1.45002
L2 - L5 * 7.72 1.45002
L3 - L4 * 3.768 1.45002
L3 - L5 * 6.436 1.45002
L4 - L5 * 2.668 1.45002
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 7 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 3 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_2

2.5

1.5

0.5
residual

-0.5

-1.5

-2.5
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 1.09501 0.385994

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 0.688426 0.759526 0.82154 0.8535
L1 / L3 0.688426 1.27391 0.292036 0.2603
L1 / L4 0.688426 0.789601 0.760149 0.7969
L1 / L5 0.688426 1.65618 0.172782 0.1174
L2 / L3 0.759526 1.27391 0.355473 0.3405
L2 / L4 0.759526 0.789601 0.925273 0.9418
L2 / L5 0.759526 1.65618 0.210315 0.1602
L3 / L4 1.27391 0.789601 2.60293 0.3767
L3 / L5 1.27391 1.65618 0.591648 0.6236
L4 / L5 0.789601 1.65618 0.227301 0.1804

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_2 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 0, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_2
With 95% Decision Limits

52
UDL=48.53
CL=47.31
50 LDL=46.08

48
Mean

46

44

42
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 17.4
L2 5 20.8
L3 5 15.8
L4 5 7.6
L5 5 3.4
Test statistic = 19.3255 P-Value = 0.000678239

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_2 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

52

50

48
Col_2

46

44

42
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 48.65

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 1 4 49.4
L2 5 0 5 50.05
L3 5 2 3 48.79
L4 5 5 0 45.38
L5 5 5 0 42.43
Test statistic = 16.9872 P-Value = 0.00194407

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 48.65. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
41 43 45 47 49 51 53
Col_2

One-Way ANOVA - Col_3 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_3
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_3. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_3 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

14

Col_3 13

12

11

10
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_3


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 13.422 0.492006 3.66567% 12.75 13.87 1.12
L2 5 11.45 0.689964 6.02588% 10.91 12.57 1.66
L3 5 12.59 0.653758 5.19268% 11.61 13.28 1.67
L4 5 12.63 0.630198 4.98969% 11.78 13.35 1.57
L5 5 12.362 0.760868 6.15489% 11.5 13.3 1.8
Total 25 12.4908 0.877197 7.02274% 10.91 13.87 2.96

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 -0.677374 -0.93368
L2 1.26555 0.730708
L3 -0.730262 0.0778482
L4 -0.369376 -0.594944
L5 -0.0829209 -0.943568
Total -0.623227 -0.941564

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_3 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_3

L2 L5 L3
L4 L1
Col_1 P = 0.0027

Residuals
-2.7 -1.7 -0.7 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3

ANOVA Table for Col_3 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 9.98102 4 2.49526 5.88 0.0027
Within groups 8.48636 20 0.424318
Total (Corr.) 18.4674 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_3 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 5.88063, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_3 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

14

13.5

13
Col_3

12.5

12

11.5

11
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_3 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 13.422 0.291314 12.9923 13.8517
L2 5 11.45 0.291314 11.0203 11.8797
L3 5 12.59 0.291314 12.1603 13.0197
L4 5 12.63 0.291314 12.2003 13.0597
L5 5 12.362 0.291314 11.9323 12.7917
Total 25 12.4908

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_3 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

10 11 12 13 14
Col_3

Multiple Range Tests for Col_3 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L2 5 11.45 X
L5 5 12.362 X
L3 5 12.59 XX
L4 5 12.63 XX
L1 5 13.422 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 * 1.972 0.859376
L1 - L3 0.832 0.859376
L1 - L4 0.792 0.859376
L1 - L5 * 1.06 0.859376
L2 - L3 * -1.14 0.859376
L2 - L4 * -1.18 0.859376
L2 - L5 * -0.912 0.859376
L3 - L4 -0.04 0.859376
L3 - L5 0.228 0.859376
L4 - L5 0.268 0.859376
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 5 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 3 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_3

1.2

0.8

0.4
residual

-0.4

-0.8

-1.2
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 0.142945 0.964035

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 0.492006 0.689964 0.508497 0.5286
L1 / L3 0.492006 0.653758 0.566378 0.5954
L1 / L4 0.492006 0.630198 0.609518 0.6432
L1 / L5 0.492006 0.760868 0.418141 0.4191
L2 / L3 0.689964 0.653758 1.11383 0.9193
L2 / L4 0.689964 0.630198 1.19867 0.8648
L2 / L5 0.689964 0.760868 0.822307 0.8542
L3 / L4 0.653758 0.630198 1.07617 0.9450
L3 / L5 0.653758 0.760868 0.738271 0.7759
L4 / L5 0.630198 0.760868 0.686019 0.7239

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_3 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 0, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_3
With 95% Decision Limits

13.5
UDL=13.22
CL=12.49
13 LDL=11.76

12.5
Mean

12

11.5

11
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 21.2
L2 5 4.6
L3 5 13.2
L4 5 14.4
L5 5 11.6
Test statistic = 13.0906 P-Value = 0.0108416

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_3 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

14

13.5

13
Col_3

12.5

12

11.5

11
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 12.68

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 0 5 13.72
L2 5 5 0 11.23
L3 5 3 2 12.68
L4 5 2 3 12.77
L5 5 3 2 12.63
Test statistic = 10.5769 P-Value = 0.0317537

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 12.68. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
10 11 12 13 14
Col_3

One-Way ANOVA - Col_4 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_4
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_4. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_4 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

15

14

13
Col_4

12

11

10
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_4


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 13.248 0.567292 4.28209% 12.85 14.23 1.38
L2 5 12.426 0.439181 3.53437% 11.83 13.07 1.24
L3 5 13.74 0.32039 2.33181% 13.48 14.26 0.78
L4 5 12.698 0.207292 1.63248% 12.46 12.93 0.47
L5 5 11.652 0.768095 6.59196% 10.4 12.25 1.85
Total 25 12.7528 0.85897 6.73554% 10.4 14.26 3.86

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 1.73997 1.691
L2 0.248446 0.921529
L3 1.21964 0.803062
L4 -0.0659185 -1.18422
L5 -1.33392 0.71378
Total -1.08986 1.27261

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_4 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.

WARNING: There is more than a 3 to 1 difference between the smallest standard deviation and the largest. This may
cause problems since the analysis of variance assumes that the standard deviations at all levels are equal. Select
Variance Check from the list of Tabular Options to run a formal statistical test for differences among the sigmas. You
may want to consider transforming the values of Col_4 to remove any dependence of the standard deviation on the
mean.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_4

L5 L2 L4 L1 L3
Col_1 P = 0.0000

Residuals
-2.8 -1.8 -0.8 0.2 1.2 2.2 3.2

ANOVA Table for Col_4 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 12.7067 4 3.17669 12.70 0.0000
Within groups 5.00116 20 0.250058
Total (Corr.) 17.7079 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_4 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 12.7038, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_4 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

15

14
Col_4

13

12

11
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_4 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 13.248 0.223633 12.9181 13.5779
L2 5 12.426 0.223633 12.0961 12.7559
L3 5 13.74 0.223633 13.4101 14.0699
L4 5 12.698 0.223633 12.3681 13.0279
L5 5 11.652 0.223633 11.3221 11.9819
Total 25 12.7528

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_4 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

10 11 12 13 14 15
Col_4

Multiple Range Tests for Col_4 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L5 5 11.652 X
L2 5 12.426 X
L4 5 12.698 XX
L1 5 13.248 XX
L3 5 13.74 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 * 0.822 0.659717
L1 - L3 -0.492 0.659717
L1 - L4 0.55 0.659717
L1 - L5 * 1.596 0.659717
L2 - L3 * -1.314 0.659717
L2 - L4 -0.272 0.659717
L2 - L5 * 0.774 0.659717
L3 - L4 * 1.042 0.659717
L3 - L5 * 2.088 0.659717
L4 - L5 * 1.046 0.659717
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 7 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 4 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_4

1.5

0.5
residual

-0.5

-1

-1.5
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 0.502908 0.734

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 0.567292 0.439181 1.6685 0.6321
L1 / L3 0.567292 0.32039 3.13512 0.2943
L1 / L4 0.567292 0.207292 7.48941 0.0767
L1 / L5 0.567292 0.768095 0.545485 0.5716
L2 / L3 0.439181 0.32039 1.87901 0.5563
L2 / L4 0.439181 0.207292 4.48871 0.1750
L2 / L5 0.439181 0.768095 0.326932 0.3044
L3 / L4 0.32039 0.207292 2.38888 0.4197
L3 / L5 0.32039 0.768095 0.173992 0.1188
L4 / L5 0.207292 0.768095 0.0728342 0.0264

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_4 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 1, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_4
With 95% Decision Limits

14
UDL=13.31
13.5 CL=12.75
LDL=12.19

13
Mean

12.5

12

11.5

11
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_4 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 17.6
L2 5 9.0
L3 5 22.2
L4 5 12.6
L5 5 3.6
Test statistic = 19.4216 P-Value = 0.000649337

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_4 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

13.8

13.5

13.2
Col_4

12.9

12.6

12.3

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_4 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 12.85

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 1 4 13.01
L2 5 4 1 12.41
L3 5 0 5 13.69
L4 5 3 2 12.71
L5 5 5 0 12.06
Test statistic = 13.7821 P-Value = 0.00802415

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 12.85. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
10 11 12 13 14 15
Col_4

One-Way ANOVA - Col_2 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_2
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_2. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_2 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

57

53

49
Col_2

45

41

37
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_2


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 52.884 2.18786 4.13709% 49.57 55.5 5.93
L2 5 48.134 0.728375 1.51322% 47.02 48.87 1.85
L3 5 47.428 1.12337 2.36859% 46.06 48.75 2.69
L4 5 43.9 0.611433 1.39279% 43.34 44.75 1.41
L5 5 41.282 2.77479 6.72155% 37.19 43.81 6.62
Total 25 46.7256 4.32391 9.25383% 37.19 55.5 18.31

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 -0.638012 0.546315
L2 -0.804351 0.260742
L3 -0.198846 -0.948758
L4 0.594026 -0.712695
L5 -0.846392 -0.351457
Total 0.0635596 0.105921

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_2 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.

WARNING: There is more than a 3 to 1 difference between the smallest standard deviation and the largest. This may
cause problems since the analysis of variance assumes that the standard deviations at all levels are equal. Select
Variance Check from the list of Tabular Options to run a formal statistical test for differences among the sigmas. You
may want to consider transforming the values of Col_2 to remove any dependence of the standard deviation on the
mean.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_2

L5 L4 L3 L2 L1
Col_1 P = 0.0000

Residuals
-14 -9 -4 1 6 11 16

ANOVA Table for Col_2 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 390.098 4 97.5246 33.28 0.0000
Within groups 58.6102 20 2.93051
Total (Corr.) 448.708 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_2 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 33.279, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the within-
group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference between
the mean Col_2 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means are
significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

55

52

49
Col_2

46

43

40
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_2 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 52.884 0.765573 51.7548 54.0132
L2 5 48.134 0.765573 47.0048 49.2632
L3 5 47.428 0.765573 46.2988 48.5572
L4 5 43.9 0.765573 42.7708 45.0292
L5 5 41.282 0.765573 40.1528 42.4112
Total 25 46.7256

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_2 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

37 41 45 49 53 57
Col_2

Multiple Range Tests for Col_2 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L5 5 41.282 X
L4 5 43.9 X
L3 5 47.428 X
L2 5 48.134 X
L1 5 52.884 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 * 4.75 2.25844
L1 - L3 * 5.456 2.25844
L1 - L4 * 8.984 2.25844
L1 - L5 * 11.602 2.25844
L2 - L3 0.706 2.25844
L2 - L4 * 4.234 2.25844
L2 - L5 * 6.852 2.25844
L3 - L4 * 3.528 2.25844
L3 - L5 * 6.146 2.25844
L4 - L5 * 2.618 2.25844
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 9 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 4 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_2

1
residual

-1

-3

-5
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 1.51662 0.235272

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 2.18786 0.728375 9.02254 0.0558
L1 / L3 2.18786 1.12337 3.79306 0.2248
L1 / L4 2.18786 0.611433 12.8039 0.0300
L1 / L5 2.18786 2.77479 0.621696 0.6564
L2 / L3 0.728375 1.12337 0.420398 0.4219
L2 / L4 0.728375 0.611433 1.4191 0.7427
L2 / L5 0.728375 2.77479 0.0689047 0.0239
L3 / L4 1.12337 0.611433 3.37561 0.2656
L3 / L5 1.12337 2.77479 0.163903 0.1078
L4 / L5 0.611433 2.77479 0.0485553 0.0125

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_2 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 3, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_2
With 95% Decision Limits

53
UDL=48.64
51 CL=46.73
LDL=44.82

49
Mean

47

45

43

41
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 23.0
L2 5 16.6
L3 5 14.4
L4 5 7.4
L5 5 3.6
Test statistic = 21.6591 P-Value = 0.000234293

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_2 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

54

52

50
Col_2

48

46

44

42
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_2 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 47.02

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 0 5 53.07
L2 5 1 4 48.13
L3 5 2 3 47.74
L4 5 5 0 43.73
L5 5 5 0 42.53
Test statistic = 16.9872 P-Value = 0.00194407

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 47.02. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
37 41 45 49 53 57
Col_2

One-Way ANOVA - Col_3 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_3
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_3. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_3 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

14.6

13.6

12.6
Col_3

11.6

10.6

9.6
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_3


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 10.594 0.831583 7.84956% 9.6 11.62 2.02
L2 5 12.108 0.294822 2.43494% 11.65 12.37 0.72
L3 5 11.264 0.767092 6.81012% 10.45 12.52 2.07
L4 5 12.298 0.2003 1.62872% 11.99 12.47 0.48
L5 5 12.44 0.998649 8.02773% 11.39 13.63 2.24
Total 25 11.7408 0.95744 8.15481% 9.6 13.63 4.03

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 -0.0719458 -0.841166
L2 -1.02625 0.202574
L3 1.19003 1.18615
L4 -0.990478 0.0685872
L5 0.0923776 -1.1695
Total -0.807944 0.155513

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_3 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.

WARNING: There is more than a 3 to 1 difference between the smallest standard deviation and the largest. This may
cause problems since the analysis of variance assumes that the standard deviations at all levels are equal. Select
Variance Check from the list of Tabular Options to run a formal statistical test for differences among the sigmas. You
may want to consider transforming the values of Col_3 to remove any dependence of the standard deviation on the
mean.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_3

L1 L3 L2 L4 L5
Col_1 P = 0.0017

Residuals
-2.9 -1.9 -0.9 0.1 1.1 2.1

ANOVA Table for Col_3 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 12.3834 4 3.09585 6.44 0.0017
Within groups 9.6172 20 0.48086
Total (Corr.) 22.0006 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_3 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 6.43814, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_3 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

13

12.5

12
Col_3

11.5

11

10.5

10
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_3 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 10.594 0.310116 10.1366 11.0514
L2 5 12.108 0.310116 11.6506 12.5654
L3 5 11.264 0.310116 10.8066 11.7214
L4 5 12.298 0.310116 11.8406 12.7554
L5 5 12.44 0.310116 11.9826 12.8974
Total 25 11.7408

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_3 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

9.6 10.6 11.6 12.6 13.6 14.6


Col_3

Multiple Range Tests for Col_3 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L1 5 10.594 X
L3 5 11.264 XX
L2 5 12.108 XX
L4 5 12.298 X
L5 5 12.44 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 * -1.514 0.914844
L1 - L3 -0.67 0.914844
L1 - L4 * -1.704 0.914844
L1 - L5 * -1.846 0.914844
L2 - L3 0.844 0.914844
L2 - L4 -0.19 0.914844
L2 - L5 -0.332 0.914844
L3 - L4 * -1.034 0.914844
L3 - L5 * -1.176 0.914844
L4 - L5 -0.142 0.914844
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 5 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 3 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_3

1.5

0.5
residual

-0.5

-1

-1.5
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 2.2312 0.102057

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 0.831583 0.294822 7.95594 0.0692
L1 / L3 0.831583 0.767092 1.17521 0.8794
L1 / L4 0.831583 0.2003 17.2365 0.0174
L1 / L5 0.831583 0.998649 0.693402 0.7314
L2 / L3 0.294822 0.767092 0.147715 0.0909
L2 / L4 0.294822 0.2003 2.1665 0.4724
L2 / L5 0.294822 0.998649 0.0871553 0.0365
L3 / L4 0.767092 0.2003 14.6667 0.0234
L3 / L5 0.767092 0.998649 0.590023 0.6218
L4 / L5 0.2003 0.998649 0.0402286 0.0087

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_3 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is greater than or equal to 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 4, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_3
With 95% Decision Limits

13
UDL=12.51
12.5 CL=11.74
LDL=10.97

12
Mean

11.5

11

10.5

10
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 4.8
L2 5 15.3
L3 5 9.2
L4 5 18.1
L5 5 17.6
Test statistic = 12.3965 P-Value = 0.0146342

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_3 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

12.5

12

11.5
Col_3

11

10.5

10
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_3 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 11.99

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 5 0 10.77
L2 5 2 3 12.21
L3 5 4 1 11.1
L4 5 1 4 12.37
L5 5 2 3 12.43
Test statistic = 8.76623 P-Value = 0.0672156

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 11.99. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is greater than or equal to 0.05, the medians of the samples are not significantly different at the 95.0%
confidence level. Also included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order
statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
9.6 10.6 11.6 12.6 13.6 14.6
Col_3

One-Way ANOVA - Col_4 by Col_1


Dependent variable: Col_4
Factor: Col_1

Number of observations: 25
Number of levels: 5

The StatAdvisor
This procedure performs a one-way analysis of variance for Col_4. It constructs various tests and graphs to compare
the mean values of Col_4 for the 5 different levels of Col_1. The F-test in the ANOVA table will test whether there are
any significant differences amongst the means. If there are, the Multiple Range Tests will tell you which means are
significantly different from which others. If you are worried about the presence of outliers, choose the Kruskal-Wallis
Test which compares medians instead of means. The various plots will help you judge the practical significance of the
results, as well as allow you to look for possible violations of the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.
Scatterplot by Level Code

16

15

14
Col_4

13

12

11
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Summary Statistics for Col_4


Col_1 Count Average Standard deviation Coeff. of variation Minimum Maximum Range
L1 5 13.552 1.22226 9.01904% 12.23 15.23 3.0
L2 5 13.94 0.297069 2.13105% 13.62 14.43 0.81
L3 5 13.116 0.388111 2.95906% 12.46 13.48 1.02
L4 5 14.26 0.295127 2.06961% 13.99 14.61 0.62
L5 5 12.536 0.858388 6.84738% 11.42 13.65 2.23
Total 25 13.4808 0.900717 6.68148% 11.42 15.23 3.81

Col_1 Stnd. skewness Stnd. kurtosis


L1 0.367731 -0.555254
L2 1.22134 1.34356
L3 -1.48316 1.47172
L4 0.512979 -1.40818
L5 -0.00116056 -0.291341
Total -0.808418 -0.0810252

The StatAdvisor
This table shows various statistics for Col_4 for each of the 5 levels of Col_1. The one-way analysis of variance is
primarily intended to compare the means of the different levels, listed here under the Average column. Select Means
Plot from the list of Graphical Options to display the means graphically.

WARNING: There is more than a 3 to 1 difference between the smallest standard deviation and the largest. This may
cause problems since the analysis of variance assumes that the standard deviations at all levels are equal. Select
Variance Check from the list of Tabular Options to run a formal statistical test for differences among the sigmas. You
may want to consider transforming the values of Col_4 to remove any dependence of the standard deviation on the
mean.
Graphical ANOVA for Col_4

L5 L3 L1 L2 L4
Col_1 P = 0.0092

Residuals
-2.4 -1.4 -0.4 0.6 1.6 2.6

ANOVA Table for Col_4 by Col_1


Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value
Between groups 9.24406 4 2.31102 4.52 0.0092
Within groups 10.2269 20 0.511346
Total (Corr.) 19.471 24

The StatAdvisor
The ANOVA table decomposes the variance of Col_4 into two components: a between-group component and a within-
group component. The F-ratio, which in this case equals 4.51948, is a ratio of the between-group estimate to the
within-group estimate. Since the P-value of the F-test is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
between the mean Col_4 from one level of Col_1 to another at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which means
are significantly different from which others, select Multiple Range Tests from the list of Tabular Options.

Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals

15

14.5

14
Col_4

13.5

13

12.5

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Table of Means for Col_4 by Col_1 with 95.0 percent LSD intervals
Stnd. error
Col_1 Count Mean (pooled s) Lower limit Upper limit
L1 5 13.552 0.319796 13.0803 14.0237
L2 5 13.94 0.319796 13.4683 14.4117
L3 5 13.116 0.319796 12.6443 13.5877
L4 5 14.26 0.319796 13.7883 14.7317
L5 5 12.536 0.319796 12.0643 13.0077
Total 25 13.4808

The StatAdvisor
This table shows the mean Col_4 for each level of Col_1. It also shows the standard error of each mean, which is a
measure of its sampling variability. The standard error is formed by dividing the pooled standard deviation by the
square root of the number of observations at each level. The table also displays an interval around each mean. The
intervals currently displayed are based on Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. They are constructed in
such a way that if two means are the same, their intervals will overlap 95.0% of the time. You can display the intervals
graphically by selecting Means Plot from the list of Graphical Options. In the Multiple Range Tests, these intervals are
used to determine which means are significantly different from which others.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

L1

L2
Col_1

L3

L4

L5

11 12 13 14 15 16
Col_4

Multiple Range Tests for Col_4 by Col_1

Method: 95.0 percent LSD


Col_1 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups
L5 5 12.536 X
L3 5 13.116 XX
L1 5 13.552 XX
L2 5 13.94 XX
L4 5 14.26 X

Contrast Sig. Difference +/- Limits


L1 - L2 -0.388 0.943398
L1 - L3 0.436 0.943398
L1 - L4 -0.708 0.943398
L1 - L5 * 1.016 0.943398
L2 - L3 0.824 0.943398
L2 - L4 -0.32 0.943398
L2 - L5 * 1.404 0.943398
L3 - L4 * -1.144 0.943398
L3 - L5 0.58 0.943398
L4 - L5 * 1.724 0.943398
* denotes a statistically significant difference.

The StatAdvisor
This table applies a multiple comparison procedure to determine which means are significantly different from which
others. The bottom half of the output shows the estimated difference between each pair of means. An asterisk has been
placed next to 4 pairs, indicating that these pairs show statistically significant differences at the 95.0% confidence level.
At the top of the page, 3 homogenous groups are identified using columns of X's. Within each column, the levels
containing X's form a group of means within which there are no statistically significant differences. The method
currently being used to discriminate among the means is Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. With
this method, there is a 5.0% risk of calling each pair of means significantly different when the actual difference equals
0.

Residual Plot for Col_4

1
residual

-1

-2
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Variance Check
Test P-Value
Levene's 3.23907 0.0334105

Comparison Sigma1 Sigma2 F-Ratio P-Value


L1 / L2 1.22226 0.297069 16.9283 0.0180
L1 / L3 1.22226 0.388111 9.91781 0.0473
L1 / L4 1.22226 0.295127 17.1518 0.0175
L1 / L5 1.22226 0.858388 2.0275 0.5105
L2 / L3 0.297069 0.388111 0.585873 0.6172
L2 / L4 0.297069 0.295127 1.0132 0.9902
L2 / L5 0.297069 0.858388 0.11977 0.0637
L3 / L4 0.388111 0.295127 1.72939 0.6087
L3 / L5 0.388111 0.858388 0.20443 0.1533
L4 / L5 0.295127 0.858388 0.118209 0.0623

The StatAdvisor
The statistic displayed in this table tests the null hypothesis that the standard deviations of Col_4 within each of the 5
levels of Col_1 is the same. Of particular interest is the P-value. Since the the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a
statistically significant difference amongst the standard deviations at the 95.0% confidence level. This violates one of
the important assumptions underlying the analysis of variance and will invalidate most of the standard statistical tests.

The table also shows a comparison of the standard deviations for each pair of samples. P-Values below 0.05, of which
there are 3, indicate a statistically significant difference between the two sigmas at the 5% significance level.
Analysis of Means Plot for Col_4
With 95% Decision Limits

14.4
UDL=14.28
14 CL=13.48
LDL=12.68

13.6
Mean

13.2

12.8

12.4

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Kruskal-Wallis Test for Col_4 by Col_1


Col_1 Sample Size Average Rank
L1 5 13.4
L2 5 16.6
L3 5 8.4
L4 5 20.8
L5 5 5.8
Test statistic = 13.5655 P-Value = 0.00881891

The StatAdvisor
The Kruskal-Wallis test tests the null hypothesis that the medians of Col_4 within each of the 5 levels of Col_1 are the
same. The data from all the levels is first combined and ranked from smallest to largest. The average rank is then
computed for the data at each level. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference
amongst the medians at the 95.0% confidence level. To determine which medians are significantly different from
which others, select Box-and-Whisker Plot from the list of Graphical Options and select the median notch option.

Median Plot

14.4

14

13.6
Col_4

13.2

12.8

12.4

12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Col_1

Mood's Median Test for Col_4 by Col_1


Total n = 25
Grand median = 13.62

Col_1 Sample Size n<= n> Median 95.0% lower CL 95.0% upper CL
L1 5 3 2 13.51
L2 5 1 4 13.89
L3 5 5 0 13.21
L4 5 0 5 14.09
L5 5 4 1 12.53
Test statistic = 13.7821 P-Value = 0.00802415

The StatAdvisor
Mood's median test tests the hypothesis that the medians of all 5 samples are equal. It does so by counting the number
of observations in each sample on either side of the grand median, which equals 13.62. Since the P-value for the chi-
square test is less than 0.05, the medians of the samples are significantly different at the 95.0% confidence level. Also
included (if available) are 95.0% confidence intervals for each median based on the order statistics of each sample.

Quantile Plot

1 Col_1
L1
L2
0.8 L3
L4
L5
proportion

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
11 12 13 14 15 16
Col_4

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