Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Horst Nowacki,
Technische Universität Berlin
30 September 2016 1
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Early History of the Design Spiral
3. Innovation in Ship Design Methodology
4. Modern Concepts of Ship Design
5. Comparison Sequential vs. Concurrent
Engineering
6. Achievements and Contributions
7. Conclusions and Congratulations
References
2
1. Introduction
3
1. Introduction (cont.)
4
2. Early History of the Design Spiral: Evans (1959)
5
2. Early History of the Design Spiral: MarAd (1965)
6
2. Early History of the Design Spiral: BSRA
7
2. Early History of the Design Spiral: SDC (1980)
8
2. Early History of the Design Spiral: Comparison
Design Spirals
9
3. Innovation in Ship Design Methodology
Innovative Elements:
• Systems Engineering (1950)
• Computer Aided Design (1965)
• Optimization (1965)
• Economization (1967)
• Parametric Design (1970)
• Discretized Analysis Tools (1980)
• Concurrent Engineering (1985)
• Probabilistic Risk Analysis (2000)
• Globalization (2000)
• Open Systems Communication (2000)
10
3. Innovation in Ship Design Methodology (cont
cont.)
.)
R = Requirements
S = Solution Space
D = Design variables
P = Parameters
M = Measure of merit
C = Constraints
The Systems Approach
11
4. Modern Concepts in Ship Design
12
4. Modern Concepts in Ship Design: The Product Model
14
4. Modern Concepts in Ship Design
Design:: Concurrent Engineering
In Concurrent Engineering
the activities of several team
members may deal with
several overlapping phases
simultaneously and need not
await the completion of the
preceding phases. See
Figure. Whenever infor-
mation from other phases is
missing, it may be
substituted by provisional
On the other hand parallel work on related assumptions and approxi-
design phases requires close control of mations. This saves time
mutual dependencies, careful coordination toward earlier completion.
and good team work. Such close control Earlier product delivery is a
causes extra efforts and cost. Thus labor cost competitive advantage.
may not diminish. 15
5. Comparison of Sequential vs. Concurrent Engineering
16
5. Comparison of Sequential vs. Concurrent Engineering (cont
(cont.)
.)
17
6. Achievements and Contributions
Ship design in the past three or four decades has experienced
many new achievements. Prof. Papanikolaou and his team at
NTUA have made significant contributions to most of them.
To mention only a few top areas of innovation:
In design methodology:
Economic efficiency (quantification)
Safety and risk assessment (probabilistic models)
Rationality (measures of merit, cause and effect)
Optimality (unified format, multimodality, MCO)
Versatility (greater scope and depth, many new ship types)
Accounting for environmental safety
Risk Based Ship Design
18
6. Achievements and Contributions (cont.)
In computer technology:
Integration (neutral interfaces)
Open communication (data sharing and exchange)
Longevity (neutral archiving)
Man-machine interaction (simulation, visualization)
Process management (modeling of time depen-
dence, queueing models, process optimization)
Life cycle services (Product Lifecycle Management)
Probabilistic modeling of risks and uncertainties
Simulation and queueing theory
19
Literature
1. J. Harvey Evans: “A Structural Analysis and Design Integration with Application to
the Midship Section Characteristics of Transversely Framed Ships”, Trans. SNAME, vol. 66,
1958.
2. J. Harvey Evans: ”Basic Design Concepts“, J. American Society of Naval Engineers,
1959.
3. J. Harvey Evans, D. Khoushy: “Optimimal Design of Midship Section”, Trans.
SNAME, 1963.
4. R. Murphy, D.J. Sabat, R.J. Taylor: “Least Cost Ship Characteristics by Computer
Techniques”, Marine Technology, SNAME, April 1965,
5. R. Hurst: “Advanced Techniques in Ship Design and Construction”, Lloyd’s List,
December 1971.
6. Ian L. Buxton: “Engineering Economics and Ship Design”, British Ship Research
Association, Wallsend, 2nd ed., 1976.
7. Ronald K. Kiss: “Mission Analysis and Basic Design”, 1st ch. in Robert Taggart, ed.,
“Ship Design and Construction”, SNAME, New York, 1980.
8. Peter A. Gale: “The Ship Design Process”, Ch. 5 in Thomas Lamb, ed.: “Ship Design
and Construction”, SNAME, Jersey City, NJ, 2003.
9. Apostolos D. Papanikolaou: “Ship Design”, Springer Science + Business Media,
Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London, 2014.
20
7. Conclusions and Congratulations
22
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