Ned ( design axial

Ned =
load)=
M02( design top end
moment)= M02=
M01( design base
end M01=
L =moment)=
eff
Ly=Lz
(effective length of Leff =
column)
Creep coefficient, Фef =

Fck ( characteristic
cylinder strength at
28 days)= 40 N/mm2

Fck, cube
( characteristic
cubic strength at 28
days)= 50 N/mm2

Characteristics
tensile strength of
reinforcement
Fyk= 420 N/mm2
environment.
-calculating cover thickness

Cnorm= Cmin+ ∆c,dev

Cmin= Max{ Cmin,b; Cmin,dir-∆c,dur,ɣ - ∆c,dur,st - ∆cdur,ad ;10}

Cmin,b= 25.0 mm

Design working life Class s4

Cmin,dir (minimum
cover due to
environmental
conditions ) Cmin,dir=
∆c,dur,ɣ (additive
safety element) has
been determined
national annex ∆c,dur,ɣ =

∆c,dur,st ( reduction of
minimum cover for
use of stainless steel)
has been
recommended by
National Annex. ∆c,dur,st =

∆cdur,ad (reduction of
minimum cover for
use of additional
protection) ∆cdur,ad =

∆c,dev (minimum cover Cmin= Max{25;30-0-0-0;10}

shall be increased by Therefore Cmin=30 mm
the absolute value of
the accepted negative
deviation) is ∆c,dev=
recommended by
Finally
Nationalthe required
Annex
cover assumed for this Cnorm= 30+ 10=
column is 40 mm

Design of Appropriate
Section

As uniaxial moment is subjected on column, then it should be

more stiffness and reinforcement to induce resistant moment.
-the suitable column dimension and appropriate steel reinforce
table () is 350*450 mm within 8H25 mm. whereas the same se
6H32mm as seen in the table(). But the amount of steel is high
reinforcement.
1500*700 mm
38 H25mm2
1500*700 mm

3+D46:I68 # 38
coulmn width b=
column length h=
Area of column section Ac=
Area of steel reinforcem Ast=

Partial Safety factor for γs=

Partial Safety factor for γc=

1-Limiting Slenderness Ratio

Calculating λlim to compare with slenderness ratio of the colum
direction λy and λz and demonstrate whether the column is sle
short column

λlim=20 A.B.C/√n

A=1/(1+0.2 xφ eff)
"φ" eff=
A=

B=√(1+2ω)

ω=As*fyd/(Ac*fcd) Fyd=fyk/γs=

Fcd= αcc*fck/γc=

ω=
B=

C=

n=Ned/(Ac.fcd) n=

λlim=20*.847*1.45*1.7/√0.625= λlim=

iy=h/√12 iy=

ix=b/√12 iy=

λy=Ley/iy λy=
λx=Lex/ix λx=

λy < λlim , therefore, the column design is considere

λx < λlim , therefore, the column design is considere

then the design of the column is considered as a short co

Total eccentricity

The second order

effect occur in the
slender column which
causes second order
moment and gives
total moment design
with first order
moment.
etot = eo + ea + e2
eo (equivalent- first
order eccentricity) eo= 0.6e02 + 0.4e01 > . 0.4e02

e02=M02/Ned=

e01=M01/Ned=

eo=

ea = v*L0/2
v = 1/200 then ea = L0/400

etot = eo + ea=

Mt=Ned*etot

Calculating the Ned/bhfck=

approximate value of
K2 from charts in the
Concise of Euro code2
Mt/(bh^2 fck)=
d=
d'=h-d=

d'/h=
For chart d^'/h =0.05
K2<0
For chart d^'/h =0.10
K2=0
Then K2,avg=0

Asprov(28Φ25mm)= 18653 m^2

Checking for minimum reinforcement and maximum reinforcem

Asmin=0.01 x Ac= 10500 m^2
For maximum
reinforcement is
recommended by
national annex (0.04
Ac) for not fully
strength achieved at
the Ultimate limit state

Asmax=0.04 x Ac= 42000 m^2

ϕlink = max [ 6 mm,

Providing 38Φ25mm is acceptable
ϕlong. reinf./4]
0.03
Transverse reinforcement
6.3 mm

Spacing between links

The spacing of the
ϕlink = 10.0 mm
transverse
reinforcement along
the column should not
exceed Scl,tmax
however, transverse
reinforcement is
conjested steel
scl,tmax = by
reinforcement
min[20*ϕlong. reinf ;
considering
h;400] forces.
earthquake
Therefore,the column 400 mm
design based on
dynamic stress
analysis governs static
design

Ned ( design axial

load)= Ned =
M02( design top end
moment)= M02=
M01( design base
end moment)= M01=
Leff = Ly=Lz
(effective length of
column) Leff =
Creep coefficient, Фef =

Fck ( characteristic
cylinder strength at
28 days)= 40 N/mm2

Fck, cube
( characteristic
cubic strength at 28
days)= 50 N/mm2
elements needs to
design cover for
reinforcement. This to
protect steel from
corrosion. Since the
Characteristics
column
tensile strength ofto
is subjected
cyclic wet in the
reinforcement
environment.
Fyk=
-calculating cover 420 N/mm2
thickness

To provide distinct
durability for concrete
elements needs to
design cover for
reinforcement. This to
protect steel from
corrosion. Since the
column is subjected to
cyclic wet in the
environment.
-calculating cover
thickness

To provide distinct
durability for concrete
elements needs to
design cover for
reinforcement. This to
protect steel from
corrosion. Since the
column is subjected to
cyclic wet in the
environment.
-calculating cover
thickness

Cnorm= Cmin+ ∆c,dev

Cmin= Max{ Cmin,b; Cmin,dir-∆c,dur,ɣ - ∆c,dur,st - ∆cdur,ad ;10}

Cmin,b= 25.0 mm

Design working life Class s4

Cmin,dir (minimum
cover due to
environmental
conditions ) Cmin,dir=

∆c,dur,ɣ (additive
safety element) has
been determined
national annex ∆c,dur,ɣ =

∆c,dur,st ( reduction of
minimum cover for
use of stainless steel)
has been
recommended by
National Annex. ∆c,dur,st =

∆cdur,ad (reduction of
minimum cover for
use of additional
protection) ∆cdur,ad =
As uniaxial moment is
∆c,
subjected
dev (
minimum cover
on column,
then
shall itbeshould be by
increased
rectangular
the absolute value ofto
column
provide
the acceptedmorenegative
stiffness Cmin= Max{25;30-0-0-0;10}
and reinforcement
deviation) is to Therefore Cmin=30 mm
induce resistant
recommended by
moment.
National Annex
-the suitable column
dimension and
appropriate steel
reinforcement bars are ∆c,dev=
provided
Finally theinrequired
the table ()
is 350*450
cover assumed formm within
this Cnorm= 30+ 10=
8H25
column mm.is 40whereas
mm the
same section is also
acceptable with
Design
6H32mm of as
Appropriate
seen in
Section
the table(). But the
amount of steel is
higher than chosen
steel reinforcement.
1500*700 mm
38 H25mm2
circular column
diameter=600mm

3+D46:I68 # 16
coulmn width h=
column length

Area of column section Ac=

Area of steel reinforcem Ast=

Partial Safety factor for γs=

Partial Safety factor for γc=

Calculating λlim to
1-Limiting Slenderness Ratio
compare with
slenderness ratio of the
column in both
direction λy and λz
and demonstrate
whether the column is
slender or short
column

λlim=20 A.B.C/√n

A=1/(1+0.2 xφ eff)
"φ" eff=
A=

B=√(1+2ω)

ω=As*fyd/(Ac*fcd) Fyd=fyk/γs=

Fcd= αcc*fck/γc=

ω=
B=
 C=

n=Ned/(Ac.fcd) n=

λlim=20*.847*1.45*1.7/√0.625= λlim=

iy=h/√12 iy=

λ=L/i λx=

λ < λlim , therefore, the column design is considered as a short c

then the design of the column is considered as a short column in

Total eccentricity

The second order

effect occur in the
slender column which
causes second order
moment and gives
total moment design
with first order
moment.
etot = eo + ea + e2
eo (equivalent- first
order eccentricity) eo= 0.6e02 + 0.4e01 > . 0.4e02

e02=M02/Ned=

e01=M01/Ned=

eo=

ea = v*L0/2
then ea = L0/400
v = 1/200

etot = eo + ea=
 Mt=Ned*etot

Calculating the Ned/(D^2 *fck)=

approximate value of
K2 from charts in the
Mt/(D^3 fck)=
d=
d'=h-d=

d'/h=
For chart d^'/h =0.05
K2<0
For chart d^'/h =0.10
K2=0
Then K2,avg=0

Asprov(28Φ25mm)= 5027 m^2

Checking for minimum reinforcement and maximum

Asmin=0.01
For maximum x Ac=
reinforcement 2827
is recommended bym^2
national annex
achieved at the Ultimate limit state
Asmax=0.04 x Ac= 11310 m^2

Providing 38Φ25mm is acceptable

0.03
Transverse reinforcement

ϕlink = max [ 6 mm,

ϕlong. reinf./4]

6.0 mm

ϕlink = 10.0 mm
The spacing of the transverse reinforcement along the column
 scl,tmax =
min[20*ϕlong. reinf ;
h;400] transverse reinforcement
however, 400 mm is conjested steel reinforcem
forces. Therefore,the column design based on dynamic stress a
 18164.0 kN

182.0 kNm

85.0 kNm

7.2 m
0.9

Table 4-1
BS EN 1992-1-1 and
Concise of Eurocode
2

Table 3.1 and

depends on table 4-
3N
BS EN 1992-1-1

Table 3-2
Concise Eurocode 2

nvironment.
ing cover thickness

Eqn(4.1) BS EN
1992-1-1
- ∆c,dur,st - ∆cdur,ad ;10} Eqn(4.2)

Class s4 Table(4.2) BS EN
1992-1-1
NA to Eurocode 2
Table(4.5N)

30.0 mm
 4.4.1.2(6)

0.0 mm

4.4.1.2(7)

4.4.1.2(8)

Max{25;30-0-0-0;10}
ore Cmin=30 mm

10.0 mm

40.0 mm

umn, then it should be rectangular column to provide

uce resistant moment.
ropriate steel reinforcement bars are provided in the
m. whereas the same section is also acceptable with
amount of steel is higher than chosen steel

dia 25
1500.0 mm
700.0 mm
 1050000 m^2
18653 m^2

1.5 Table(2.3) concise

1.15 eurocode
Table(2.3)2concise
eurocode 3

ess ratio of the column in both

ether the column is slender or
n

Eqn(5.13N)

0.9
0.8474576271

280

29.5652173913

0
1

1.7

0.5851148459

37.6683286577

202.0725942164

433.0127018922

35.63075947

Eqn (5.14)
 35.63075947 Eqn (5.14)

mn design is considered as a short column

mn design is considered as a short column

onsidered as a short column in both direction

(Mosely, 2012)
Eqn(5.1)
e2=0 ( second order
effect is ignored as it
dsigned for short
column)

+ 0.4e01 > . 0.4e02

10.0 mm

4.7 mm

7.9 mm

18.0 mm
25.9 mm

470.2 kNm

0.4324761905

0.0159915646
637.5 mm
62.5 mm

0.09
maximum reinforcement limits
Satisfied

Satisfied

but this size is unavailable ,therefore

10mm diameter is used for transverse
reinforcement
4644.0 kN

66.4 kNm

45.0 kNm

3.5 m
0.9

Table 4-1
BS EN 1992-1-1 and
Concise of Eurocode
0.285842 0.28584
2

Table 3.1 and

depends on table 4-
3N
BS EN 1992-1-1
1.123333 1.12333
 Table 3-2
Concise Eurocode 2

Eqn(4.1) BS EN
1992-1-1
Eqn(4.2)

Class s4 Table(4.2) BS EN
1992-1-1
 NA to Eurocode 2
Table(4.5N)

30.0 mm

4.4.1.2(6)

0.0 mm

4.4.1.2(7)

4.4.1.2(8)

Max{25;30-0-0-0;10}
ore Cmin=30 mm

10.0 mm

40.0 mm
dia 20
600.0 mm

282743 m^2
5027 m^2

1.5 Table(2.3) concise

1.15 eurocode
Table(2.3)2concise
eurocode 3

Eqn(5.13N)

0.9
0.8474576271

280

29.5652173913

0.1683660131
1.1561712789
 1.7

0.5555443719

44.6950791017

173.2050807569

20.2072594216

considered as a short column

d as a short column in both direction

(Mosely, 2012)
Eqn(5.1)
e2=0 ( second order
effect is ignored as it
dsigned for short
column)

+ 0.4e01 > . 0.4e02

14.3 mm

9.7 mm

12.5 mm

8.8 mm

21.2 mm
98.5 kNm

0.3225

0.0113975694
537.5 mm
62.5 mm

0.10
 ement and maximum reinforcement limits
Satisfied
ded by national annex (0.04 Ac) for not fully strength
he Ultimate limit state
Satisfied

mm is acceptable

but this size is unavailable ,therefore

10mm diameter is used for transverse
reinforcement

ment along the column should not exceed Scl,tmax

 ested steel reinforcement by considering earthquake
ed on dynamic stress analysis governs static design