GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE
Metoclopramide HCl Antiemetics / Supportive Admin by slow IV or IM. Adult 10 mg 8 hrly.
Care Therapy
Category B: Either animal-reproduction studies
have not demonstrated a foetal risk but there are
no controlled studies in pregnant women or
animal-reproduction studies have shown an
adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility)
that was not confirmed in controlled studies in
women in the 1st trimester (and there is no
evidence of a risk in later trimesters).
GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE
Losartan + hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin II Tab 50/12.5 mg 1 tab. Max Dose: Tab
Antagonists / Diuretics 100/25 mg 1 tab, or Tab 50/12 mg 2 tab.
Antihypertensive effect is achieved w/in 3
wk.
MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTION
Metoclopramide enhances the motility of the upper GI tract and Nausea & vomiting due to GI disorders, Restlessness, drowsiness, headache,
increases gastric emptying without affecting gastric, biliary or after surgery & cancer chemotherapy. GI diarrhea. Extrapyramidal symptoms eg
pancreatic secretions. It increases duodenal peristalsis which motility disorders. GERD & non ulcer acute dystonic reactions or Parkinsonian
decreases intestinal transit time, and increases lower oesophageal dyspepsia. Radiodiagnostic procedures in syndrome. Galactorrhoea due to increased
sphincter tone. It is also a potent central dopamine-receptor the GIT. prolactin secretion.
antagonist and may also have serotonin-receptor (5-HT3)
antagonist properties.
Absorption: Rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the GI
tract (oral); peak plasma concentrations after 1-2 hr.
Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses the blood-brain barrier and
placenta; enters breast milk.
Metabolism: Extensively hepatic.
Excretion: Via urine (as unchanged drug, sulfate or glucuronide
conjugates and metabolites), faeces; 4-6 hr (terminal elimination
half-life).
MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTION
Pharmacology. Losartan is a specific and selective Management of hypertension. Abdominal pain, edema, asthenia,
angiotensin II receptor antagonist while HCTZ is a thiazide headache. Palpitation. Diarrhea,
diuretic. The effects of both drugs on blood pressure are nausea. Back pain. Dizziness. Dry
additive. Greater antihypertensive efficacy is generally cough, sinusitis, bronchitis,
achieved by adding a small dose of a thiazide diuretic eg, pharyngitis, upper resp infection.
HCTZ to the angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Losartan Rash.
lowers blood pressure by selectively blocking the AT1
receptor in vascular and other tissues to antagonize the
actions of angiotensin II. HCTZ, on the other hand, lowers
blood pressure by increasing the renal excretion of sodium.
Losartan tends to reverse hypokalemia caused by HCTZ.