Lecture 6

Thévenin Equivalent
q Circuits

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Thévenin Equivalent Circuits

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Thévenin Equivalent Circuits

Vt = voc
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Thévenin Equivalent Circuits

Vt
isc =
Rt
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Thévenin Equivalent
Circuits

voc
Rt =
isc
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Use voltage divider formed by R1 and R2 to find voc:

R2 50
voc = vs = 15V = 5V
R1 + R2 100 + 50

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

vs 15V
isc = = = 0.15 A
R1 100Ω
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

voc 55V
V
Rt = = = 33.3Ω
isc 0.15 A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

voc = (5 A)(10Ω) = 50V

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

isc

isc

Use current divider to find isc:

R1 10
isc = 5A = 5 A = 1A
R1 + R2 10 + 40
voc 50V
Rt = = = 50Ω
isc 1A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Rt = 50Ω

Vt= 50V

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Finding the Thévenin
Resistance Directly
We can find the Thévenin resistance by
zeroing the sources in the original network
and then computing the resistance between
the terminals.
When zeroing a voltage source, it becomes a
short circuit. When zeroing a current source,
it becomes an open circuit.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent

R1 R2 100
Reqq = Rt = = = 4Ω
R1 + R2 25

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent

i2 = 0
20V
i1 = = 4A
5Ω
isc = i1 + 2 A = 4 A + 2 A = 6 A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Equivalent

Vt = Rt isc = (4Ω)(6 A) = 24V

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Resistance

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Resistance

Zero the voltage

source

(5)(20)
Rt = 10 + = 10 + 4 = 14Ω
5 + 20
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Resistance

Zero the current

source

Rt = 10 + 20 = 30Ω
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Resistance

Zero the current

and voltage
sources

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Find the Thevenin Resistance

4Ω
10Ω
5Ω
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
Thevenin Equivalent with a Dependent
Source

voc
KCL at Node 1 : i x + 2i x = = 3i x
10
10 − voc 10 − voc voc
ix = →3 = → voc = 8.57V
5 5 10
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
Thevenin Equivalent with a Dependent
Source

i x + 2i x = 3i x = isc
10V
ix = = 2 A → isc = 6 A
5Ω
Vt 8.57V
Rt = = = 1.43Ω
isc 6A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 I n = isc

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Step-by-step
Thévenin/Norton Equivalent
Thévenin/Norton-Equivalent-
Circuit Analysis
y
1. Perform two of these:
a. Determine
D t i ththe open-circuit
i it voltage
lt Vt = voc.
short circuit current In = isc.
b Determine the short-circuit
b.
c. Zero the sources and find the Thévenin
resistance Rt looking back into the
terminals.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
2. Use the equation Vt = Rt In to compute
the remaining value.

3. The Thévenin equivalent consists of a

voltage source Vt in series with Rt .

4. The Norton equivalent consists of a

current source In in parallel with Rt .

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.