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ISBN: 0 7277 3272 2
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ICP design methods for driven piles in sands and clays Page 3
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................7
2 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Rationale for developing new design approaches ..................................................................9
2.2 Imperial College research programmes................................................................................10
2.2.1 Research aims.........................................................................................................10
2.2.2 Research phases.....................................................................................................11
2.2.3 Field tests with instrumented piles...........................................................................13
2.2.4 Parallel experiments with field-scale driven piles ....................................................13
3 DESIGN METHODS FOR PILES IN SILICA SAND .......................................................................15
3.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Shaft friction ..........................................................................................................................15
3.2.1 Basic mechanisms...................................................................................................15
3.2.2 Evaluating short-term shaft capacity of single cylindrical piles................................16
3.3 Base resistance.....................................................................................................................22
3.3.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................22
3.3.2 Closed-ended piles ..................................................................................................22
3.3.3 Open-ended piles ....................................................................................................23
3.4 Axial capacity of piles with non-circular cross-sections ........................................................26
3.4.1 Recommendations for rectangular piles ..................................................................26
3.4.2 Recommendations for H section piles .....................................................................26
4 DESIGN METHODS FOR PILES IN CLAY ....................................................................................28
4.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................28
4.2 Shaft friction ..........................................................................................................................28
4.2.1 Basic mechanisms...................................................................................................28
4.2.2 Evaluating shaft capacity of single piles after pore pressure equalisation ..............29
4.3 Base resistance.....................................................................................................................36
5 RELIABILITY OF THE DESIGN METHODS ..................................................................................38
5.1 Additional entries to the Chow pile load test database .........................................................38
5.2 Reliability of shaft capacity predictions in silica sand ...........................................................42
5.2.1 Shaft capacity database for silica sand ...................................................................42
5.2.2 Reliability of the ICP shaft method in sand..............................................................42
5.3 Shaft capacity in clay ............................................................................................................46
5.3.1 Shaft capacity database for clay..............................................................................46
5.3.2 Reliability of ICP shaft method in clays ...................................................................46
5.4 Base resistance in sand ........................................................................................................49
5.4.1 End bearing database in sand.................................................................................49
5.4.2 Degree of fit for the ICP end bearing method in sand .............................................50
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ICP design methods for driven piles in sands and clays Page 5
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