The paper was relatively easier than the CSS English & Composition...

The Following was the

pattern of paper:

1. Write an essay on one of the given topics (1000 words) 25 marks

Strategic importance of Pakistan,
My college days,
Sweets are the uses of adversity
Fortune favours the prepared minds
there were more topics that I forgot

2. Precis of a given paragraph (262 words) 25 marks

3. Comprehension 20 marks
The comprehension was not as given in CSS paper but it was mCQs type. There were 5
short statements and the candidates were required to select one of the given statements in
MCQs (It was very simple and easy) 4X5=20 marks

4. Make sentences. 13 idioms were given and the candidates have to make sentences 10 of
them. (1X10=10 marks)
Grain of salt, burning midnight oil, hand in gloves, Blessing in disguise, Once in blue moon,

5. Correction (1X10=10 marks) it was the most difficult portion of the paper.

6. Active/Passive Voice 1X10 = 10 marks ( Not very difficult but challenging)

First Question was a Short essay of 1000 words and this portion had 5-6 topics

English Precis and Composition By Hafiz

Karim Dad Chughtai – Caravan
SYNONYMS
Fudge: (v); adjust or manipulate, tamper
SYN: misreport, tinker with, doctor, juggle
Clever accountants fudge the numbers to evade taxes.
Levitate: (v); rise or cause to rise and hover in the air
SYN: float, hover, glide, waft, fly, soar up
The magician levitated the woman.
Nicety: (n); a fine or subtle detail or distinction
SYN: subtlety, nuance, refinement
Legal niceties are wasted on him.
Occult: (adj); hidden and difficult to see
SYN: veiled, recondite, cryptic, arcane, abstruse,
The book examines the occult elements of the propaganda.
Peroration: (n); The concluding part of a speech
SYN: conclusion, summation, recapitulation, epilogue
The peroration of the speech is particularly impressive.
Trice: (n); an instant (usually used as in a trice)
SYN: instant, jiff, jiffy
Ask for a service, and somebody will be there in a trice.
Wanton: (adj); sexually immodest or promiscuous
SYN: immoral, unchaste, lecherous, lascivious, salacious
She lives her life as a wanton woman.
Wilted: (adj): not firm
SYN: diminished, dwindled, waned, weakened
The Valentine flowers are wilted and the candy is all gone.
Venial: (adj); (of a fault or offence) slight and pardonable
SYN: condonable, tolerable, all right
Of course, we’re all guilty of venial syntactical sins.
Nummary: (adj); of or relating to coins or money
SYN: nummular, coinage
The varieties of nummary denominations of different countries are reconciled by the par of exchange.

ANTONYMS
Awry: (adj); in the wrong position; askew.
ANT: straight, symmetrical
But, King George’s smile was a bit awry tonight.
Crass: (adj); showing no intelligence or sensitivity
ANT: canny, astute, intuitive, discerning
Movies must have a message, not be crass entertainers.
Condign: (adj); (of Punishment, etc,.) appropriate to the crime or wrongdoing, fitting
ANT: cruel, harsh, heavy, severe
In Pakistan, condign punishment is rare when the criminal is a man of high social standing.
Dastard: (n); a dishonourable or despicable man
ANT: cad, craven, poltroon, recreant
Her mind was filled with an intense hate for the dastards that abducted her crewmates.
Occlude: (v); close up, shut in
ANT: open (up); unblock, unclog,
The waterfront was occluded with a wall of buildings.
Buxom: (adj); (of a woman’s body); having a large bosom and pleasing curves
ANT: skinny, boney, scrawny
Men of a certain age woo blonde, buxom women.
Revile: (v); criticize abusively or angrily
ANT: praise, extol, eulogize, applaud
He was now reviled by the party that he had helped to lead.
Seedy: (adj); shabby and squalid
ANT: classy, superior, elegant
She felt weak and seedy.
Tortuous: (adj); Full of twists and turns
ANT: straight, direct, uncurving, unbending
The route is remote and tortuous
Vociferous: (adj); loud and forceful
ANT: silent, quiet, soft,
He was a vociferous opponent of the takeover.

PRÉCIS
Most of the evil in the world is because of the energetic and busy people. The confusion and chaos that
we see in world is not due to the lazy people but because of the active people. The world is full of
energetic people but their energy is mostly misdirected. Such people only create confusion and mischief
in the world. If the important people like emperors, politicians, statesmen and generals in the past had
been less active; our world have been a far better place. Laziness is not a crime but a blessing in disguise
in many ways. The active and energetic people in the past did a great damage to the world. Even at
present it would be a great service to humanity, if half of the politicians and religious leaders abandon
their activities and take a long lazy break. In this way, the world will be saved from their activities; and
they will get an opportunity to restore their mental health.

Title: Laziness – a blessing in disguise

COMPREHENSION (Answers)
1. The author laments that element of beauty has been limited only to the works of artists and scientists,
who are supposed to possess a rare sense for appreciation of beauty. Art has disappeared from the lives
of ordinary people and workmen. It is unfortunate that common people and workmen are oblivious to the
fact that aesthetics is an essential part of life of every man, not just the prerogative of a few chosen
people. The fact is that aesthetic activity is activity of the spirit, and sense to appreciate beauty is
common to all human beings.

2. Artists are great lovers of life and they value beauty as a principle of life. It is not that they are endowed
with some exceptional quality. All human beings possess this capacity, but the difference is that the
artists use this ability with greater concentration and consistency. For the common man, beauty is only a
supplementary factor, but an artist values beauty for the sake of beauty.
3. We can make our lives beautiful and charming by realizing the importance of aesthetic aspects of
every activity of life. We must discover the principle of beauty in everything we do. It would add charm to
life.
4. By this expression the writer wants to stress that beauty is not just a superficial decoration – a
discretionary choice. The writer believes that beauty is an integral part of life. He thinks that the
relationship between life and beauty is not optional but compulsory. It is not a mere decoration but the
very essence of life.
5. Art and aesthetics deeply influence our lives. These are not just a source of sensuous pleasure but
give us spiritual satisfaction. Discovery of relationship in all things, made by man or nature, is a spiritual
activity. Life without beauty will be spiritually barren. Such work will be dangerous and immoral. It is
interesting to note that in ancient Greek language, there was the same word for beauty and goodness. I
tend to agree with John Keats who rightly said that beauty is truth and truth beauty.

Correction
(i) In the accident one of my arms was broken and legs bruised.
(ii) The people who had been raising slogans against the government for many hours wanted increase in
their salaries.
(iii) You have been working very hard for the last two years. Haven’t you?
(iv) John could hardly do better than having taught a bass of such dimensions.
(v) I, having no chance to meet him, would rather go with you instead of sitting at home.
(vi) He comes there not only for swimming but also for coaching new swimmers.
(vii) When he visited the fair last time, he bought no fewer than twenty school bags.
(viii) Ten cattle were grazing in the field

FILL IN THE BLANKS

(i) I cannot buy this car for this price.
(ii) Send these books to my home address.
(iii) Monkeys live in trees.
(iv) I said it to his face.
(v) The manager acknowledged the receipt of my letter promptly.
(vi) Most foreign students don’t like American coffee, and neither do I.
(vii) We ought to take care of our parents when they are old.
(viii) Yousaf dug in the garden the whole of yesterday.

ANALOGIES
(i) LION : ROAR (b) Goat : Bleat
(ii) SHADOW : LIGHT (b) Image : Object
(iii) CLOT : BLOOD (b) Curdle : Milk
(iv) FEARFUL: COWER (c) Arrogant : Strut
(v) EXPEDITE : HASTEN (c) Facilitate : Make easiest
(vi) WOOD : FURNITURE (d) Stone : Sculpture
(vii) SURGEON : DEXTEROUS (d) Acrobat : Agile
(viii) LECHER : LUST (b) Glutton : Greed

Punctuation
A quaker was one day walking on country road. He was suddenly met by a highwayman. Pointing a
pistol, the man exclaimed, “Your money or your life, my friend!” Said the quaker: “I cannot deliver my
money for I should be helping thee in evildoing; however; exchange is lawful, and I will give thee my
purse for the pistol.” The robber agreed on receiving the purse. The quaker at once held the pistol at the
robber’s head and said, “Now, friend, my purse back or the weapon may go off fire.” Said the robber,
“There is no powder in the pistol.”

Pairs of Words
WRATH (intense anger): He hid his pipe for fear of incurring his father’s wrath
WROTH (angry): It was plain to see that Ali was now extremely wroth.
VERACITY: (accuracy, truthfulness): Officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story.
VORACITY (avarice, rapacity): There is a higher thirst and voracity for a variety of pertinent content.
SUBTLER (elusive, knotty): Graham Taylor’s approach at Watford was far subtler than the critics
portrayed.
SUTLER (victualer, a supplier of victuals or supplies to an army): Essentially a sutler was a camp
follower who sold provisions to the soldiers, part of early logistics.
RETENUE (Restraint, Self-control): She smiled and some of her natural retenue melted.
RETINUE (Suite, Entourage): And then his retinue of friends arrived, and he floated away.
MINUTE (Extremely small): He will have no more than a minute chance of exercising influence.
MINUET (A slow, stately ballroom dance): Louie, who dances a shaky minuet if properly guided, was a
shoo-in.
FUROR (fury; rage; madness): The killing was captured on cameras and caused an Internet furor.
FURORE (frenzy, uproar, commotion, turmoil): He always follows the latest furores.
DINGHY (A small inflatable rubber boat): Take a bulk spool of line and a dinghy with you on the beach.
DINGY (Gloomy and drab): A dark, dingy little shop that always smelt faintly of cigarettes.
BONY (Of or like bone): The head contains bony plates with short spines at the tip of the snout
BONNY (Attractive or beautiful): Aleeha is my niece and a bonny little thing she is.
IDIOMS
Spirit away (to sneak away to another place): The police spirited the prisoner away before the crowd
assembled.
Plough back (to put profits made by a business back into it): All the money we raise is ploughed
back into our work.
Eager beaver (An alert and energetic person): New volunteers are always eager beavers.
Ring a bell (Sound vaguely familiar): I’ve never met Asad, but his name rings a bell.
Be left holding the baby (Be left with an unwelcome responsibility): Yes, we are interested in
helping, but we don’t want to be left holding the baby.
Cap in hand (Humbly asking for a favour): We have to go cap in hand begging for funds.
Hold out a carrot (Entice by offering an advantage): The parents held out the carrot of a new bicycle
to make their son study harder.
Over the moon (Extremely happy; delighted): They’re going on holiday; so they’re all over the moon.

TRANSLATION
In order to be aware of our hidden flaws, it is imperative that we know what our enemies say about us. It
is because our friends often praise us as we want them to and they either don’t find a fault with our flaws
or they do us a heart good and cover up or ignore them to make us not feel hurt. On the contrary, our
enemy keeps fishing for finding our weaknesses and foibles. Although he tries to make a mountain out of
a molehill, yet there is always some reality in that. A friend always promotes his friend’s goods but an
enemy highlights the flaws. So, we should be more indebted to our enemy because he makes us aware
of our shortcomings. If seen in this context, an enemy is better than a friend.
Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan
Essay: Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan: Need for Reform and Institution
Building
Essay Pages: 1 | 2 | 3

1. Introduction

Pakistan is not a failed state but a badly governed one. Good governance is the
inevitable element of a state the absence of which deteriorates the public welfare. With
measured reforms and institutionalization, governance can be made better in the
country.

2. Attributes of Good Governance

– General Public Welfare and State’s Health
– Health, Education, Standard of Living
– Provision of fundamental rights
– Provision of Basic Necessities

3. Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan

– Sectors badly governed in Pakistan
– Institutions badly governed in Pakistan

4. Causes of Good-Governance Crisis

– Personalization rather than institutionalization
– Corruption and nepotism
– Ineffective short-term policies
– Wrongly set priorities
– Weak accountability
– Weak state governing institutions
– Political instability

5. Reforms and Institution Building

– Strengthening the state institutions
– Making the state institutions independent of undue influence
– Effective implementation of laws
– Empowering accountability and law-enforcing agencies
– Ensuring political stability and nurturing the healthy growth of democratic system

6. Contemporary Governance in Pakistan

7. Conclusion

Pakistan is a state rich in resources and talent but badly governed. A brief history of
country since 1947 reveals how different modes of governance have been brought into
experiment under various civil and military regimes in Pakistan.
Good governance, in general, refers to the measures of a government which bring
welfare to the public lives and state as a whole. Contrary to that, crisis of good
governance is the continuous failure of a government to govern the state and its
subjects effectively. Scales to measure good governance varies just as vary its levels in
different government sectors.

If Pakistan is considered under the said definition, it gets obvious that the governments
of the country failed most of the time in governing it well. The reasons behind this failure
are mostly found in the factors of corruption, immoral politics, authoritarianism and
dearth of leadership.

Crisis of good governance in Pakistan is not a new concept. It has been contested for a
long time. Even today, when the neighboring country like China has evolved from its
roots into a well governed state, Pakistan still lags behind in devising a clear
mechanism of governance reforms and institution building.

Crisis of good governance can be understood only when one gets to know about the
attributes and features of good governance. Among these attributes ‘General Public
Welfare and State’s Health’ come the first. Good governance is attributed with the
welfare of the masses. If the people of a state are living a good life with all the
fundamental rights and the basic necessitates secured, it can be said that the state is
well governed. Another part of this is health of state. It can be measured in economic,
defense and political strength of a country. A state when healthy in its defense and
politico-economic outlooks is usually well governed. Further, good governance brings
an overall better standard of life. It can be said in a way that the attributes of good
governance vary in the eyes of a common man, a ruler and a state as a political entity.

Crisis of good governance is the name of a situation when all the attributes mentioned
above are missing or replaced by the social and political abnormalities. These
abnormalities can be in the form of agents which deteriorates the levels of good
governance. Pakistan is in state of governance crisis. Its apparent manifestations can
be seen in the declined public health, illiteracy and poverty. Another important way to
judge the crisis of governance in Pakistan comes in shape of the weak state institutions
and mismanaged state-controlled enterprises. For instance, the decline of Pakistan
Steel Mills and Pakistan International Airlines speak how crisis of good governance
swallowed these mighty revenue-producing sectors. Similarly, take example of judiciary
as state institution. It has been suppressed by the executive throughout the history of
the country. There has always been a rift at some level in civil and military leadership of
country. This accounts for a major factor behind the crisis of good governance in
Pakistan which comes in shape of clash between the state institutions thus adversely
affecting their performance.

Among the primary causes of the crisis of good governance in Pakistan comes first the
personalization of things rather that institutionalization. Institutions are important to
every state. When these institutions become hostage to persons they begin to deviate
from the principles of good governance. In Pakistan, during the military rules, the
institutions of executive, legislature and even judiciary have brought into personalization
of the ruling dictator. This helped in rendering the will of the dictator superior over the
law of an institute.

Secondly, the factors of corruption and nepotism in a state like Pakistan puts it into
governance crisis. These two things annihilate the state’s governance structure as merit
gets to be replaced by favor.

Thirdly, the lack of long term and well-read state policies becomes another important
cause in bringing crisis of good governance. States are governed well through
integrated long term planning and policies which are implemented in several episodes.
In Pakistan, governments have plans to govern the country well but they collapse
because of their short-term nature and politically motivated objectives.

Fourthly, the priorities of a government also determine the level of state governance. If a
state brings the development of infrastructure as a priority over health, education and
welfare of the masses when these all are required then the system collapses. In
Pakistan, more is being spent on building infrastructure and little on provision of basic
facilities like health, education and employment.

Fifthly, lack of accountability further volatiles the crisis of good governance. Even if the
state officials are corrupt, the bad governance can be averted by holding them
accountable. But when the institutions of accountability become subject to the will of the
officials then the crisis becomes inevitable. In Pakistan the institution of accountability
i.e. NAB is often subject of political controversies. Even the incumbent Prime Minister of
Pakistan has discouraged NAB for its independent investigations.

Lastly, political instability in a state puts it into crisis of good governance. When a
system of governance is not let to evolve and grow normally and political instability is
created in the form of overthrowing a legitimate government, it becomes impossible for
a state to ensure good governance.

In order to bring Pakistan out of the governance-crisis, reforms are essential. Among
them comes first the institution building. This refers to de-personalization of state
institutions. All the state institutions shall be let to work independently without any undue
influence and blackmailing. Bringing judiciary and accountability institutions out of the
influence of executive can help the country out of the crisis. Secondly, ensuring the
smooth relations between the civil and military leadership can also help if not in
ensuring good governance then at least in averting many causes of bad governance.

The Parliament of Pakistan has enacted laws nearly on all the major issues that a state
and its masses may face. The problem lies in implementation of these laws. This is
because of the weak law enforcing agencies. Empowering police as primary measure
can help in improving the law and order situation of Pakistan which will ultimately help it
in good governance.
Lastly, if the reforms and institution building are to be successfully brought in Pakistan, it
is essential to ensure political stability and democratic evolution in here. Governance
becomes good in democratic system for most of the times. Though it is not a general
rule as many dictators have brought welfare to their people but that is an exception. In
Pakistan strengthening the democratic system its forefathers chose will help in bringing
it out of the crisis.

In the contemporary run, country might be facing the governance crisis but the evolving
custom of political stability is a ray of hope. Unlike in the past, political government is
being let to complete its constitutional tenure and then go for elections. That is a healthy
development which is bringing Pakistan on the track of good governance. This along
with strengthening the democratic practices will also help in minimizing the causes of
the crisis. In compact, Pakistan has for long been facing the crisis of good governance
but the contemporary political phase can ensure a positive change.