DOI 10.4010/2016.

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ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC

Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 4

Automatic Seed Plantation Robot

Prashant G. Salunkhe1, Sahil Y. Shaikh2, Mayur S. Dhable3, Danis I. Sayyad4, Azeem S. Tamboli5
Professor1, UG Scholar2, 3, 4, 5
Department of E&TC
SITRC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
prashant.salunkhe@sitrc.org1, imsmasher.sahil@gmail.com2, mayurdhable88@gmail.com3,
danish7051@gmail.com4, azeem.tamboli92@gmail.com5

Abstract:
This paper presents an Automatic Seed Plantation Robot which is based on electronic and mechanical platform that performs
advance agriculture process. We have developed an electromechanical vehicle which is steered by DC motors to drive wheels.
The farm is cultivated by the automated system, depending on the crop considering particular rows & specific columns. The
spacing between two seeds in a column has to be entered manually. Proximity sensor is used to measure the rotation of wheels.
To detect the obstacle in the path of the vehicle IR LED with TSOP receiver is used and turning position is also depend on this
sensor. To check whether seed container is empty or not LDR sensor is used. All the operations are monitored and control by PIC
microcontroller using sensors. The programming of this microcontroller is done in assembly language. LCD display is used to
show seed count.

Key Words: Electromechanical, Robotics, DC motors, Proximity sensor, IR LED, TSOP receiver.

I.INTRODUCTION II.AIM OF PROJECT

As we know economy dependency of our country is on
agriculture. As India is agricultural country about 65 percent
of peoples are farmers. In recent scenario number of changes
are occurring in agriculture methodology like seed sowing,
pesticides and irrigation. For developing our economical
condition it must necessary to increase our agricultural
productivity and quality also. Out of them Seed plantation is
one of the most important and day-to-day job of the farmers.
The conventional method for seeding is manual one but it
requires more time and more efforts.
Manually seed plantation method suffers from various
problems. The tendency of manual work is going on reducing.
The man power shortage is one of the biggest problems faced
continuously to all farmers. Due to labour shortage the
plantation cost should be increased. So it is not economically
beneficial for all farmers.
Now a day’s instrumentation and control system plays an
important role. So we develop a system for “seed plantation
robot” using microcontroller which is very economical and
beneficial. Due to automation the work become easiest,
errorless and it saves money also.
Our system is nothing but the four tyre vehicle which is
driven by geared DC motor. According to microcontroller
program, after some distance or some time instant the seed
should be dropped through the nozzle, which is operated by
relay. Nozzle size is depends on the diameter of the seed.
Same operation is repeated after some time delay. So there is
no more labour work. It gives information about weather
conditions for seed plantation. Hence all the problems of
conventional method are overcome by using this system.
As we all know the main requirement in the industry or any
firm is man power. So the main objective of our project is to
reduce the need of man power.
The agriculture sector is the one where not only number of
labours are required but also they must have the required skill
set for farming. Need of labours can be accomplish by
automating the process of seed sowing.
The “Seed plantation” is one of the most important and day-
to-day job of the farmers. Conventional method suffers from
various problems. The main aim of our project is to reduce the
human effort, time requirement and to increased accuracy of
the seed plantation project design.
III.BLOCK DIAGRAM
The vehicle has wheels the rotation of this wheels measures
the distance covered by the vehicle. This wheel is a tyre of our
vehicle. The notch at the wheel is sensed by sensor. The
distance will be sensed by a proximity sensor. The specific
pulses are generated. The proximity sensors are nothing but
the pulse generator. These pulses are digitized by specific
circuitry and then sent to central processing unit i.e.
Microcontroller unit. This unit may be a microcontroller, PLC
etc. but being field operation the microcontroller is preferred,
because it can be operated on battery. Still if required, the PC
and PLC can be used. The block diagram of this system is
shown in above figure. The two valves are used. One for
capturing the seeds & another for pushing the seed. These
valves are operated by relay.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2016 4661 http://ijesc.org/

Figure 1. Block Diagram of Seed Plantation Robot
Moving the vehicle in the forward direction is very
difficult task, as we know the farm does not have the plane
path or it may contain many obstacles. For changing the path
of vehicle in case of obstacle IR sensors is used. Infrared
sensor is used at the edge of the vehicle which gives the
instruction to microcontroller for controlling the motion of the
wheels.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF SEED PLANTATION
Figure 2. Working Principle
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2016
As motor rotates vehicle moves forward, sv1 will be
on and the sv2 will be off, the seed will be dropped
below. The operation will be repeated. It is distance based
function. The number of seeds planted will be shown on
LCD display.
A rotating wheel is made up of iron or plastic and used
to measure the distance between two seeds planted. A
rotating wheel has a notch at specific point. After crossing
that notch the proximity sensor sense and pulse is
generated. That pulse is digitized by digitizer circuit. This
pulse is applied to microcontroller unit.
Microcontroller operates on the pulses which then
drives the relay driver. Relay should be ON or OFF the
valve. One valve is for capturing the seed and another is
for pushing the seed. The distance base operation is used
for capturing and pushing the seed. The basic principle of
seed plantation is given below
• One rotation of wheel = Distance covered by
vehicle.
= Circumference of wheel.
= One pulse generated.
• Distance based operation is used.
IV.PATH CONTROL MECHANISM
I. Obstacle Is Present: - If obstacle (like hard stone)
is present in the path of the vehicle, then
infrared sensor along with TSOP receiver is
get triggered. So the microcontroller
understand that it’s time to turn the vehicle in
270o in the forward direction and again come
back in the same column to process it further.
Figure 3 shows the trajectory of robot if the
obstacle is present.
Figure 3. Trajectory of vehicle
II. Completion of ploughed land: - Vehicle moves up to
the Dyke in the same column if there is no obstacle
in the path. At this position vehicle take a turns like
90o right→ 90o left (or vice versa depending on
condition) and occupies the next column and move
forward in reverse direction. Now it again check
for first condition and move further. And it
continuously follow these two conditions. When
the vehicle moves in forward direction the seed get
burned at a particular distance.
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 method of farming requires more people and still
accuracy is less. Using this system the accuracy is
increases with less/no man power. The time required with
system to do the work done is very less compared to
conventional method.

IX.ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are extremely happy to present the paper on
“Automatic Seed Plantation Robot”. We are thankful to
Prof. P. G. Salunkhe for encouragement and support that
he has intended. We have jointly made every possible
effort to eliminate all the errors.

X.REFERENCES
[1]. Gholap Dipak Dattatraya, More Vaibhav
Mhatardev, Lokhande Manojkumar Shrihari,
Figure 4 Turning System Prof. Joshi S.G “Robotic Agriculture Machine”,
Vishwabharati Academy’s College of
Previously the vehicle moves in straight line of first column engineering, Ahmednagar, International Journal
and after end of ploughed land, the vehicle rotate 180o and of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering
select second column and proceed further. When obstacle is and Technology, ISSN (Online) : 2319 – 8753,
detected, the vehicle turns by 90o first and check for another ISSN (Print) : 2347 – 6710, Volume 3, Special
obstacle and turns by 90o towards right or left, depending upon Issue 4, April 2014.
condition.
[2]. Pooja Chandran, Aravind S, “Autonomous
V.ADVANTAGES System for Cultivation Process”, Sree Buddha
Reduces manual work. College of Engineering for Women,
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[3]. Du Danfeng, MaYan, Guo Xiurong, Lu Huaimin,
Very economical and beneficial. “Research on a Forestation Hole Digging
Robot”, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin,
Problem of labour shortage is overcome. International Conference on Intelligent
Computation Technology and Automation, Oct
Work quality and productivity should be improved. 2010.

Time saving system. [4]. Kazuya Tashiro, Mamoru Minami, Seiji Aoyagi,
“Development of Redundant Robot Simulator for
VI.DISADVANTAGES Avoiding Arbitrary Obstacles Based on Semi-
Electronics component cannot sustain the vibrations Analytical Method of Solving Inverse
and the high temperature. Kinematics” Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/RSJ
Accuracy should be reduces due to clod and mud. International Conference on Intelligent Robots
and Systems San Diego, CA, USA, Oct 29 - Nov
VII.APPLICATIONS 2, 2007.
For all type of seed plantation.
(e.g.- Wheat, Maize, Jawar ,Bajra, Pea-nut etc. ) [5]. S.Chandika, T.Mohanraj, “Automation and
Emerging Technology Development of 2D Seed
Very beneficial for small scale farmers. Sowing Robo”, Journal of Agricultural Science,
Vol. 1, No. 1, June 2009.
Accuracy is high.
[6]. Swetha S., Shreeharsha G.H., “Solar Operated
Speed of work is more. Automatic Seed Sowing Machine”, International
Journal of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and
No extra effort is required. Technology, Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 67-71,
Article ID Sci-223 ISSN: 2320 – 026X, February
Man requirement is low 2015.

VIII.CONCLUSION [7]. Solar cell operation and modeling, Dragica

In this paper we tried to overcome the problems faced by Vasileska, ASU Gerhard Klimeck, Purdue H.
the farmer in his/her day to day routine. The conventional Mazidi, Microcontroller and its Application

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