CHE102

Safety and Security

Safety and Security

Control Room in a Chemical Plant

Access Control

Why is it necessary to control access in an

industrial plant or resources such as plant
control systems?
Industrial Security

In a current social climate that includes

stringent safety requirements, governmental
compliance guidelines, and the ever-present
possibility of both domestic and international
terrorism, the role of plant security
systems in ensuring industrial plant
security is of paramount importance.
Industrial Security

In addition to basic plant site security,

effective plant security systems provide
incident management functionality to
preserve structural integrity. They also
deliver the tools necessary to ensure the
safety of your employees by helping to
develop security protocols and making sure
all employees are accounted for in
emergency situations.
Industrial Security

Physical Security
Monitoring or guarding against loss,
theft and damage like to be caused by
human beings.

Area Security
Secure the area with the help of
means for real time
observation/domination, i.e. security
posts, cameras, binoculars and
electronic devices
Physical Security Measures

• Access control system

• Managing entry and exit points
• Perimeter lighting
• Sniffing (dog) security
• Fencing and razor wire
Electronic Security

• External and internal alarms

• Access control
• CCTVs (Closed Circuit Television)
• Fire alarms
• Motion detector
• UVSS (Under Vehicle Surveillance
System)
• Xray machines
Access Control

There are three types (factors) of

authenticating information:
• something the user knows, e.g. a
password, pass-phrase or PIN
• something the user has, such as smart
card or a key fob
• something the user is, such as fingerprint,
verified by biometric measurement
Access Control

• something the user knows, e.g. a

password, pass-phrase or PIN
Access Control

• something the user has, such as smart

card or a key fob
Access Control

• something the user is, such as fingerprint,

verified by biometric measurement
Identity Documents

• Identity Cards
• Passes
• Permits
• Gate Passes
• Gate Passes for Plant Items
Admission of Visitors

• Checking of ID Cards
• Reason for Visit
• Register and Record
• Escorted
• Return Passes
• Temporary Passes
Work Permit

A work permit system is a formal written

system to control certain types of work
identified as potentially hazardous. The terms
"P.T.W.", "permit" or "work permit" refer to the
form used by a company to meet its needs.
These systems aim to ensure proper planning
and consideration of the risks involved in a
particular job, at a specific time and place, with
designated precautions.
Work Permit

Issuing Authority
• Owner with operating control
• Knowledge of operating area and permit
system

Receiving Authority
• Responsible for execution of specified job

Acceptor
• Any permanent employee or nominee of
the executor and receiving authority
Work Permit

• Agreed work
• Information for all concerned
• Identified equipment / job
• Specified precautions
• All foreseeable hazards identified
• Formal hand over of control and
authority
• Discussion between Issuing and
Receiving authorities
Types of Work Permit

• Hot Work Permit

• Cold Work Permit
• Vessel Entry Permit
• Excavation Break-in Certificate
• Temporary Energization Permit
• Scaffolding Certificate
Hot Work Permit

Hot work is any process that can be a source of

ignition when flammable material is present or
can be a fire hazard regardless of the presence
of flammable material in the workplace.

Common hot work processes are welding,

soldering, cutting and brazing. When flammable
materials are present processes such as
grinding and drilling become hot work
processes.
Hot Work Permit
Vessel Entry Permit

Confined space is a term from labor-safety

regulations that refers to an area which is
enclosed with limited access which make it
dangerous. An example is the interior of a
storage tank, which workers may enter for
maintenance but which is not ordinarily a
habitable space.

Hazards in a confined space often include

suffocation by unbreathable gases which may
be present but not visible, or submersion in
liquids or free-flowing granular solids
Vessel Entry Permit
Vessel Entry Permit
Excavation Permit
Excavation Permit
Excavation Permit
Temporary Energization Permit

For most situations, energy sources of

equipment or systems will be isolated,
locked and de-energized in a safe position
before and while workers perform service or
maintenance work. Under circumstances
where electrical parts must be worked on
while energized, the electrical work will be by
permit only. This permit and required
procedures will be used to ensure that
proper precautions are taken to perform the
work safely.
Scaffolding Certificate

Scaffolding is a
temporary structure
used to support people
and material in the
construction or repair of
buildings and other
large structures. It is
usually a modular
system of metal pipes
or tubes, although it can
be from other materials.
Scaffolding Certificate