Chapter no 4

1. Derive an expression for acceleration head for single acting reciprocating pump. Show this effect on indicator
diagram.
2. A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger of 10 cm dia and a stroke length of 200 mm.the centre of the
pump is 4 m above the water level in the sump and 14 m below the level of water in the tank to which water
is delivered by the pump.the dia.and length of suction pipe are 30mm and 6 m while the delivery pipe are 30
mm and 18 m respectively. determine the maximum speed at which the pump may run without separation,if
the separation occurs at 7.848 𝑵/𝒄𝒎𝟐 below the atm.pr.head=10.3 m of water.
3. State with neat sketch the principle of air vessels in reciprocating pump.
4. A single acting reciprocating pump has a stroke length of 15 cm.the suction pipe is 7 m long and the ratio of
suction dia to the plunger dia is ¾.the water level in the sump is 2.5 m below the axis of the pump cylinder,
and the pipe connecting the sump and pump cylinder is 7.5 cm dia.if the crank is running at 75 rpm, determine
the pr.head on the piston.
i) At the beginning of suction stroke
ii) At the end of suction stroke
iii) At the middle of suction stroke
Take co-efficient of friction as 0.01
5. The plunger diameter and stroke length of a single acting reciprocating pump are 300 mm and 500 mm
respectively. The speed of the pump is 50 rpm. The diameter and length of delivery pipe are 150 mm and 55m
respectively. if the pump is equipped with an air vessel on the delivery side at the centre line of the pump,
find the power saved in overcoming friction in the delivery pipe take friction co-efficient, f=0.01
6. A single-acting reciprocating pump has a diameter (piston) of 100 mm and stroke length 200 mm.the length
and diameter of the suction lift 6.5 m and 50 mm respectively.if the suction lift of the pump is 3.2 m and
separation occurs when pressure in the pump falls below 2.5 m of water (absolute) and manometer reads 763
mm of mercury, find the maximum speed at which pump can be run without separation in the suction pipe.
7. Explain with a neat sketch the working of a vane type rotary pump.
8. The diameter and stroke length of a single acting reciprocating pump are 75 mm and 1.50 mm respectively. It
takes its supply of water from a sump 3 m below the pump through a pipe 5 m long and 40 mm in diameter. It
delivers water to a tank 12m above the pump through a pipe 30 mm in diameter and 15 m long. If separation
occurs 75 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 below the atmospheric pressure, find the maximum speed at which pump may be operated
without separation. Assume that the piston has a simple harmonic motion.
9. What is an indicator diagram ? draw an indicator diagram for reciprocating pump which is not fitted with air
vessel.show clearly the effects of acceleration in the both the suction and delivery pipes.
10. A single acting pump has cylinder of 15 cm diameter and a stroke of 20 cm and is used to lift water through a
height of 20 m pump is placed at a height of 3.8 m above the sump level and is connected by a 5 m long pipe.
Find the diameter of suction pipe to avoid separation if it occurs at 2.5 m of water. Crank of the pump rotates
at 60 RPM.
11. Explain with neat sketches the working of following rotary pumps:
i) External gear pump
ii) Vane pump
12. A single acting R.P. has a stroke length of 150 mm, suction pipe is 7 m long and ratio of suction pipe diameter
to piston diameter is 3/4 . the water level in the sump is 2.5 m below the axis of the pump cylinder and the
pipe connecting the sump and pump cylinder is 75 mm in diameter. If the crank is running at 75 r.p.m.,
determine the pressure head on the piston at the begning,middle and end of suction stroke.take f=0.01.
Chapter no 5
1. Prove that the velocity of sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by
𝑪 = √𝒌/𝝆
Where k is bulk modulus of fluid 𝝆 is density of fluid.
2. A projectile travels in air pressure 10.10 𝑵/𝒄𝒎𝟐 at 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑪 at a speed of 1500 km/hour.
Find the mach number and mach angle.take k=1.4 R=287 𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝟎 𝒌.
3. A source of disturbance travels in air alternatively at subsonic sonic and supersonic velocity. Sketch and
explain the propagation of disturbance in each of above cases.
4. A supersonic plane flies at 2000 km/hr at an altitude of 9 km, above sea level in standard atmosphere. If the
pressure and density of air at this altitude are 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 absolute and 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑 .make calculations for
the pressure, temp.and density at stagnation point on the nose of the plane.
Take R=287 𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝟎 𝒌 and k=1.4.
5. Prove that in a one- dimensional compressible flow through a pipe of varying area
𝒅𝑨 𝒅𝒗
= (𝑴𝟐 − 𝟏)
𝑨 𝑽
Alos, explain its importance in the design of nozzle and diffusers.
6. An aeroplane is flying at 1000 km/h through still air having a pressure of 𝟕𝟖. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 (absolute)
And temperature -𝟖𝟎 𝑪. Calculate on the stagnation point on the nose of the plane:
i) Stagnation pressure
ii) Stagnation temperature, and
iii) Stagnation density. Take, for air : R= J/KgK and Y=1.4
7. Describe compressible flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle. How and where does the shock wave
occure in the nozzle ?
8. A tank fitted with a convergent nozzle contains air at a temperature of 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑪. the diameter at the outlet of the
nozzle is 25 mm. assuming adiabatic flow,find the mass flow rate of air through the nozzle to the atmosphere
when the pressure in the tank is 300 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 (absolute).
Take for air :R = 287 J/KgK and Y=1.4,barometric pressure= 100 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 .
9. define mach number. How is this parameter used in classification of compressible flow regimes.up to what
limit of mach number can we neglect the compressibility effects and treat the fluid as incompressible?
10. Air flow at speed of 250m/s at temperature of 𝟎𝟎 𝑪.and a pressure of 600 KPa abs:
i) What is the mach number?
ii) What are the stagnation pressure and temperature ?
11. Derive an expression for speed of sound in a fluid medium confined in a rigid straight pipe of uniform cross
section in terms of change in pressure and charge in density.
12. Calculate the velocity and mach number of a supersonic air craft flying at an altitude of 1000 m where the
temperature is 280 K.sound of the air craft is heard 2.15 seconds after the passage of aircraft on the head of
an observer.
Take √ =1.4 and R=287 J/kgk.

Chapter no 6
1. Describe with sketch the construction and working of hydraulic coupling.state the application of hydraulic
coupling.
2. Describe the construction,working and utility of differential hydraulic accumulator with the help of neat
sketch.
 3. Explain with a neat sketch the working of torque converter. Is it possible to use the torque converter as a
torque divider ? HOW?
4. A hydraulic press has a ram of 180 mm diameter and plunger of 36 mm diameter, with stroke length of
300mm.weight exerted by press ram amounts to 7 kN and distance moved is 0.9 m in 15 minutes.
Determine:
i) The force applied on plunger
ii) The number of strokes performed by the plunger
iii) Power required to drives the plunger.
5. Explain with a neat sketch the working of a fluid coupling. How does it differ from torque convertor?
6. A hydraulic press has a ram of 150 mm diameter,plinger of 20 mm diameter. The stroke of plunger is 200
mm and weight lifted is 800 N.if the distance moved by the weight is 1.0 m in 20 minutes.determine:
I) The force applied on plunger
II) Power required to drive the plunger
III) Number of stroke s performed by the plunger
7. Explain with aneat sketch the working of elementary inverted hydraulic press.

Describe with a neat sketch the working of weight loaded type accumulator.

8. Describe with neat sketch the construction,working and application of following

i) hydraulic press
ii) hydraulic coupling.
9. What are hydrostatic and hydrokinematic systems ? states its application.
10. Explain hydraulic intensifier with neat sketch.
11. Describe with a neat sketch the working of a simple hydraulic accumulator and derive an expression for its
capacity.
12. The total weight placed on the sliding ram of a hydraulic accumulator is 40 KN. The diameter of the ram is
500mm.if the frictional resistance against the movement of the ram is 5%of the total weight, determine
the intensity of the pressure of water when.
i) The ram is moving up with a uniform velocity,&
ii) The ram is moving down with uniform velocity.

Chaper no 1
1. Define and explain in short the following
i) Reaction turbine
ii) Effective head
iii) Spear mechanism
2. An inward flow reaction turbine has following data
i) Internal and external dia=60 cm and 90 cm respectively.
ii) Head of the turbine= 40 m
iii) Flow velocity at outlet =3 m/s
iv) Outlet blade angle= 150
v) Width of blade at inlet and outlet=10 cm
vi) Hydraulic efficiency =85%
Assume outlet discharge to be radial find the following
i) Spec. of the turbine
ii) Inlet blade angle and inlet guide vane angle
 iii) Discharge of the turbine
3. Draw a velocity diagram of francis turbine.list and explain varies velocity components and angles associated
with it.
4. A pelton wheel is required to develop 9000 kw when working under a head of 300 m.The impeller (runner)
may rotate at 500rpm. Assuming the jet ratio as 10 and overall efficiency as 85%
Calculate the following
i) Quantity of water required
ii) Diameter of wheel
iii) No. of jet
Assume speed ratio =0.48
5. Derive an expression for hydraulic efficiency of a pelton wheel.proceed further to establish that best bucket
speed for maximum efficiency is equal to one-half the jet velocity.
6. It is desired to generate 1000 KW of power (shaft power ) by installing a pelton wheel that turns 1000
revolutions per minutes and has an available. Design the pelton wheel.assume Cv=0.98 k4=0.46
7. Define specific speed of turbine and expression for it.
8. A Kaplan turbine developing 6 MW under a haed of 5 m.overall efficiency is 90% boss diameter is 0.4 times
runner diameter,speed ratio is 2 and flow ratio is 0.6.
Determine:
i) Diameter of runner
ii) Speed of runner
iii) Specific speed of runner.
9. Differentiate between:
i) impulse and reaction turbine
ii) radial and axial flow turbine
10. a reaction turbine works at 450 rpm under a head of 120 m.its diameter at inlet 1.2 m and the flow area is 0.4
m2. The angles made by absolute and relative velocities at inlet are 20 0 and 600 respectively with the
tangential velocity
determine:
i) the volume flow rate
ii) the power developed and
iii) the hydraulic efficiency.
The discharge at the outlet is radial
11. a pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specifications :
shaft power =9560 kW
head =350 m
speed =750 rpm
overall efficiency =85%
𝟏 𝒕𝒉
jet diameter is not exceeding (𝟔) of the wheel diameter .determine the following :
i) the wheel diameter
ii) diameter of the jet
iii) the number of jets required
take Cv =0.985 and speed ratio =0.45
12. calculate the diameter and speed of the runner of a Kaplan turbine developing 6000 KW under an effective
head of 5 m.overall efficiency of the turbine is 90% the diameter of the boss is 0.4 times the external diameter
of the runner the turbine speed ratio is 2.0 and fflow ratio is 0.6 what is the specific speed of the turbine ?
Chapter no 2

1. Draw and explain characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump.

2. A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two times the inner diameter and running at 1000 rpm
work against a total head of 40 m.the velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 2.5 m/s.
the vanes are set back at an angle of 400 at outlet. If the outer diameter of the impeller is mm and at outlet is
50 mm determine
i) Vane angle at inlet
ii) WD by impeller on water/sec
iii) Manometric efficiency.
3. Derive an expression for specific speed of a centrifugal pump.
4. A three stage centrifugal pump has impellers 40 cm in dia and 2 cm wide at outlet. The vanes are curved back
at the outlet at 450 and reduce the circumferential area by 10%. The manometric efficiency is 90% and overall
efficiency is 80%. Determine the head generated by the pump when running at 1000 rpm delivering 50
lit/sec.what should be the shaft horse power?
5. Give a typical layout of a pumping installation using centrifugal pump,naming main accessories.
6. A centrifugal pump in which water enters radially,delivers water to a height of 165 m. the impeller has a
diameter of 360 mm and width of 180 mm at inlet and corresponding dimensions at the outlet are 720 mm
and 90 mm resp.its rotational speed is 1200 rpm. The blades are curved backwards at 30 0 to the tangent at
exit and discharge is 0.389 m3/s.
Determine:
i) Manometric efficiency
ii) Pressure rise across the impeller.assuming losses equal to 12% of velocity head at exit.
iii) Pressure rise and loss of head in volute casing.
7. How are the centrifugal pumps classified on the basis of the following:
i) Types of impeller
ii) Types of casings
iii) Methods of primings ?
8. A centrifugal pump,having four stages in parallel,delivers 12 m3/min of liquid against a head of 25 m, the
diameter of impeller being 220 mm and a speed 1700 rpm.
A pump is to be made up with a number of identical stages in series,of similar construction to those in the first
pump, to run at 1250 rpm, and to deliver 15 m3/min against a head of 250 m. find the diameter of impeller
and number of stages required.
9. Explain the following terms as applied to centrifugal pump:
i) Manometric efficiency
ii) Overall efficiency
iii) Net positive suction head (NPSH)
10. the impeller of a centrifugal pump having external and internal diameters 500 mm and 250 mm
respectively,width at outlet 50 mm and running at 1200 rpm.the pump works against a head of 48 m. the
velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 3 m/s. the vanes are set back at an angle of 400
at outlet.
Determine :
i) inlet vane angle
ii) work done by the impeller on water per second and
iii) manometric efficiency
11. a three stage centrifugal pump has impellers 400 mm in diameter and 20 mm wide at outlet. The vanes are
curved back at the outlet at 450 and reduce the circumferential area by 10%.the manometric efficiency is 90%
and the overall efficiency is 80% the pump is running at 1000 rpm and delivering 0.05 m3/s. determine:
i) head generated by the pump and
ii) shaft power required to run the pump.
12. A centrifugal pump running at 800 rpm is working against a total head of 20.2 m the external diameter of the
impeller is 480 mm and outlet width 60 mm.if the vanes angle at outlet is 400and manometric efficiency is
70% determine:
i) Flow velocity at outlet
ii) Absolute velocity of water leaving the vane
iii) Angle made by the absolute velocity at outlet with the direction of motion at outlet ,and
iv) Rate of flow through the pump.

Chapter no 3
1. State the construction, working and application of axial flow pump.
2. What is air lift pump ?how it differs from jet pump ?
3. Define computational fluid dynamics. What are its applications in industry ? explain and discuss.
4. State construction, working and application of hydraulic ram.
5. Describes with a schematic diagram working of a jet pump write an expression for the efficiency of the jet
pump
6. Describes with a neat schematic diagram, working of an air lift pump. Pump. Mention its advantages and
disadvantages.
7. Explain with a neat sketch the working of a hydraulic ram.write expressions for its efficiencies.
8. Outer diameter of an axial flow pump is 750 mm and boss diameter is 400 mm.it revolves at 500 RPM.
Inlet and outlet blade angles at mean radius are 120and 150 resp.
Calculate:
i) The heat the pump generates
ii) Discharge
iii) Shaft power and
iv) Specific speed
Assume overall efficiency as 80%
9. Draw sketch of hydraulic ram. Explain its construction,working and give its efficiency expressions
10. An axial flow pump has a discharge of 200 lit/sec at a speed of 1500 rpm.the boss and outer diameters are
150 mm and 30 cm,respectively,the head of the pump is 5 m determine the vane angle at inlet and outlet.
Assume hydraulic efficiency as 77%
11. What are the important applications of CFD in engineering ?how CFD differs from the analytical fluid
dynamics ?
12. A hydraulic ram is being supplied water at the rate of 0.05 m3/s from a height of 5 m, and it raises 0.005
m3/s to a height of 35 m from the ram the length and diameter of the pipe 120 m and 70 mm respectively.
If the co-efficient of friction is 0.009, calculate D ‘Aubuisson’s and Rankine’s efficiencies.