WORLD MUSIC 1

HISTORY
INTRODUCTION TO WORLD MUSIC,
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
-MUSIC OF SOUTH AMERICA

MOHD YUSRI BIN HAMID

011-10830427
WORLDMUSICHISTORY@GMAIL.COM
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What is world music?

MUSIC OF THE WORLD? MUSIC OF EUROPEAN

TRADITION? MUSIC OF ASIAN TRADITION? AFRICAN?
MUSIC OF WESTERN ART?
World Music Definition 3

(somewhat…..)
 Can be a traditional (folk), popular or even art
music but it must have ethnic or foreign elements.
(Carl Rahkonen, 1994)

 Ideally the music of the whole Earth including the

European art traditions but in practice however, it
is music from outside of the European art
traditions. (Dale Olson, 1991)

 We know it when we hear it!

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Ok now, what is music?

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What is music?

 Ingeneral, music is sound that

is humanly organized.

 Sometimes it’s not easy to

separate sound and music.

 Any idea of John Cage’s 4’33”

?
 Patterns in Music 6

 Rhythm & Meter

◦ Metrical rhythm: rhythm with recurring
accent pattern
 Melody
◦ Principal tune made of a succession of
tones in particular rhythm
 Harmony
◦ Accompaniment to a melody
 Form
◦ Structural arrangement of musical ideas
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Texture
 Monophonic (distinct single melody)

 Homophonic (single melody with accompanying

harmony)

 Polyphonic (more than one melody)

 Heterophonic (single melody but each instrument plays

it differently)
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Ways of Looking at Musical
Instruments: Classification
(Sachs-Hornbostel Instruments
Classification)

◦ Idiophone
◦ Membranophone
◦ Chordophone
◦ Aerophone
 Idiophone

 a percussion instrument, for  Example?

example a gong or
xylophone, that is made from
resonating material that does
not have to be tuned

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Membranophones

 instruments that make

sounds when a stretched
skin (membrane) vibrates
Chordophone

 a stringed instrument

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Aerophones
 A wind instrument; noise is
made by pushing air
through a tube.
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Landscape?
Soundscape???
Soundscape 14

 Characteristics sound of a place

 Can anyone give me an example…..?

 Gong-chime in Southeast Asia

 Percussions of Africa

 Latin music of South America

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CHILEAN NUEVA
CANCION – Victor Jara
Music of South America
Class Activity 16

 Discuss in group (search online, google, or

anything….)

 The political situation in South America during 1950s

to 1970s

 Neighbouring countries of Chile. (Where is Chile

located actually??? Alexis Sanchez? Arturo Vidal?)

 Who is Che Guevara?

Nueva Cancion 17

 Nueva Cancion - a song movement through

which people stand up for their own culture—for
themselves as a people—in the face of
oppression by a totalitarian (??? – google now!!)
regime or in the face of cultural imperialism from
abroad, notably the United States and Europe

 Developed first in Southern cone of South

America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay)

 Where is it?
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Political Situations in South 20
America in 1950s,1960s
&1970s
 Very well known as violent upheaval times
(influenced by US, Cuba & Dominican Republic)
 Plaza de Mayo massacre in Buenos Aires and the
subsequent fall of Peron in Argentina (1955)
 the fall of Cuba’s Batista government and the
victorious Cuban Revolution (1959)
 the fall of the Joao Goulart government in Brazil
(1964)
 the death of Ernesto Che Guevara in Bolivia (1967)
 The subsequent spread of guerrilla fighting in Central
America and Venezuela, and the Tlatelolco
massacre in Mexico (1968)
 the victory of the Unidad Popular in Chile (1970),
initiating three years of government under Salvador
Allende, followed by the 1973 military coup
El Aparacido (1967) – 21

Victor Jara
 Translate to English (The Apparition)??

 The lyrics reflect the turbulence of the times

 Dedicated by Victor Jara to Ernesto Che Guevara

(highlights are in the chorus)

 Let’s listen to it!

The lyrics… 22
Homework….. 23

 Name the traditional Latin type of rhythm/metric

that is used in this song.

 Short biography of Victor Jara.

 To be submitted via e-mail

 worldmusichistory@gmail.com

 Latest by 24 hours from now!

References 24

 Titon, J (2009). Worlds of Music, An Introduction to

the Music of the World's Peoples. 5th edition.
Belmont, California: Schirmer/Thomson Learning

 Kamien, R. (2011). Music: An Appreciation. 10th

ed. New York: McGraw-Hill

 Rahkonen, C. (1994). World Music in Libraries.

Technical Report no.24, MA, Music Library
Association.
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Thank you!!