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OBJECTIVES:-
Produce the topographic map and detailed plan of the proposed area by using surveying
software (Theodolite, Total Station)
INSTRUMENT REQUIRED:-
Total Station or Theodolite
Stadia Rod
Peg
Reflected Prism (i.e. only for total station)
Tripod Stand
INTRODUCTION:-
Tacheometry survey is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical distance of points
are obtained by optical measurement avoiding ordinary and slower process of measurement
tape. Tacheometric surveys are usually performed to produce contour and details plans for
further work, or to produce coordinates for area and volume calculations. Observation are
usually performed from known survey stations, often established by traversing.
THEORY:-
Used a Total Station, able to read distance by reflecting off a prism.
It is now possible to produce plans of large areas that previously would have taken weeks, in a
matter of days. This instrumentation has facilitated the development of this method of detail
and contour surveying into a very slick operation.
Used a Theodolite, able to read distance by sighting from instrument at Stadia rods.
It is also possible now to detailing but it is slowest process than Total Station.
To locate suitable positions for stations, poorly executed reconnaissance can result from
difficulties at later stages leading waste of time and inaccurate work
To obtain overall picture of the area.
Station marking needs to be done by the permanent marker for easy allocation of station
throughout the survey period.
Generally for traverse purpose, wooden pegs are flush into the ground, a nail is tapped
into the top of peg to define exact position of station
A reference or witnessing sketch of the features surrounding each station should be
prepared especially if the stations are to be left for any time before used or if they are
required again
e. For Angular measurement, if the internal angles are being read, it is usual to proceed
from station to station round the traverse in an anticlockwise direction
Generally, more than one set of reading is preferred for higher accuracy measurement
along with both face (right and left face) reading
If external angles are observed then one should occupy the stations in a clockwise
direction
When all internal angles are measured, sum of internal angle should be equal to (2n-
4)*90, for external angle (2n+4)*90,
CONCLUSION:-
We know that when the stations have been sighted, a sketch of the traverse should be prepared
approximately to scale. The stations are given reference letters or numbers. This greatly assists
in planning and checking of field work.
RESULT:-
Making topographic map and detailed plan of proposed area.