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SPECIAL SENSES
Introduction:
Among the five senses, what is the most important for you? Is it
the sense of hearing, sense of sight, sense of touch, sense of smell
or sense of taste? Is it hard to choose? Well, I agree because senses
have their own roles in our life just like hearing, when you are not
listening, you may not understands well. In sight, we have a popular
motto says “To see is to believe”. In smell, smelling can picture out
in our mind where the odor came from. Touching is kind of showing
attention or care for someone and lastly the sense of taste, it
determined the sweetness or the bitterness of a substance or food.
When you like the taste, you also love to eat a lot. Those details
above is not only ends with that because there’s a lot more importance
in a particular senses. We’re so lucky to have those thing we must be
thankful for it.
Objectives:
1. Discuss the receptor, location, and function for the
special senses: taste and smell
2. Identify the location, function, organ anatomy, receptor
anatomy and problems for the special senses: vision,
hearing, balance and equilibrium
3. Define related terms
Procedure
1. Blindfold the test subject. Ask them to identify the objects by
smell only.
2. Record your results.
III. Gustation
Materials
a. Q-tips d. Saline
b. Coffee e. Lemon or calamansi
c. Fruit juice f. A glass of water
Procedure
1. Rinse mouth out with water to begin. Take a Q-tip dipped into one
of the solutions and swab it on the test subject's tongue.
2. Draw a representative picture of a tongue and record where they
pick up the sensation.
3. Rinse and repeat experiment again until all four solutions are
used. The major taste sensations are sweet (fruit juice), sour (lemon
juice), salty (saline solution), and bitter (coffee).
4. Repeat on other willing test subjects and note any differences and
similarities.
1. What is the receptor for the sense of smell? Discuss .the process
of odor detection.
For me, it depends when the one who’s eating was able to taste and
smell it well and of course when the particular substance have a
great smell which will easily defines the taste of a substance.
Although sight is not technically part of taste, it certainly
influences perception. Interestingly, food and drink are identified
predominantly by the senses of smell and sight, not taste. Food can
be identified by sight alone—we don't have to eat a strawberry to
know it is a strawberry. The same goes for smell, in many cases. To
our brains, "taste" is actually a fusion of a food's taste, smell
and touch into a single sensation. This combination of qualities
takes place because during chewing or sipping, all sensory
information originates from a common location: whatever it is we're
snacking on. Further, "flavor" is a more accurate term for what we
commonly refer to as taste; therefore, smell not only influences but
is an integral part of flavor
Based on the result we made, Kalvin can determined the color of the
dots and he was able to follow the particular colors of the dots. He
was also able to finish it so based on the definition above, Kalvin
is negative for those terms.
Near point accommodation often increase with age because the lens
hardens and makes it much more difficult for the eye muscles to
change the shape of the lens.
For me, the client has a good visual because he was able to determine
the color and the he can follow the dots and able to finish it.
4. Are there any differences between blind spots of the right and
left eyes of your subject? What is the anatomical reference for
the blind spot? When you are driving and wanting to change lanes,
why is it not enough to just check your mirrors?
There is no difference between blind spots of the right and left eyes
of my subject.
Blind spot is a small portion of the visual field of each eye that
corresponds to the position of the optic disk (also known as the optic
nerve head) within the retina. There are no photoreceptors (i.e., rods
or cones) in the optic disk, and, therefore, there is no image
detection in this area. The blind spot of the right eye is located to
the right of the center of vision and vice versa in the left eye. With
both eyes open, the blind spots are not perceived because the visual
fields of the two eyes overlap. Indeed, even with one eye closed, the
blind spot can be difficult to detect subjectively because of the
ability of the brain to “fill in” or ignore the missing portion of the
image.
2. In the test for frequency range of hearing, which fork was heard
most clearly and comfortably (_____Hz)? Which was heard least
well (_____ Hz)? What is the normal human hearing range? What is
the loudest, softest, highest and lowest sound a young healthy
human can detect? Compare the human hearing range to cats, dogs
and bats.
The human ear is capable of hearing many of the sounds produced in
nature, but certainly not all. On an average, a human ear can identify
and distinguish the sound waves in the range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz
(20,000 Hz). However, as you age, the auditory sense on the higher end
of the frequency range begins to diminish. It is much lower in older
people, while infants and babies are the ones with maximum hearing
capacity. The auditory sense for higher frequencies begins to diminish
by the age of 8 itself.
20,000 Hz (20 kHz) is the (ideal) highest FREQUENCY that a healthy
human ear can hear. With regard to loud sounds. 0 dB for the lowest
threshold hearing.
Bat has the highest range approximately 1,000-123,000 followed by the
dog with 67-45,000 range next to it is the cat 45-64,000 and lastly Commented [ab1]:
the human with 64-23,000 range.
4. During the Rinne test, does the subject hear better by bone or
air conduction? What is the significance of this?
The Rinne test is a hearing test, primarily for evaluating loss of
hearing in one ear (unilateral hearing loss). It compares perception
of sounds transmitted by air conduction to those transmitted by bone
conduction through the mastoid. Thus, one can quickly screen for the
presence of conductive hearing loss.
During the Rinne test, the subject hear better by the air conduction
because the sound energy moves the tympanic membrane (ear drum) and
when the stapes moves, it vibrates the fluid in cochlea and moves the
basilar membrane which stimulates the hair cells. The hair cells
stimulate the acoustic nerve and this nerve conveys the sound
information into the brain via the cochlear nuclei and complicated
pathways within the brain.
The hair cells within the vestibule and semicircular canals of the
cochleas are responsible for both aspects of equilibrium (dynamic and
static). It is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In
vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection
and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow
cavity in the temporal bone of the skull.
The person who is suffering from vertigo feels so dizzy and off-
balanced. Vertigo is most common in elderly people, but it can affect
both sexes at any age. It may be a temporary or permanent condition.
Ateneo de Davao University
E.Jcinto St. Davao City
BIO 124
Anatomy and Physiology
Special Senses
Author: Farlex
Published: (updated in 2009)
URL: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Emmetropic
Author: Wikipedia
Published: 13 August 2014
URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness