Chapter – 3 "

Schemes of APEDA in Export

of Agricultural Processed Food
Products
  

CHAPTER – 3

SCHEMES OF APEDA IN EXPORT OF

AGRICULTURAL PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS

3.1 Profile of APEDA

The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority (APEDA) was established by Government of India in 1986 to further
develop India’s agricultural commodities and processed foods and to promote
their exports. Its primary mission is to maximize foreign exchange earnings
through increased agro exports, to provide better income to the farmers through
higher unit value realization and to create employment opportunities in rural
areas by encouraging value added exports of farm produce. APEDA is an
autonomous organization attached to the Ministry of Commerce. The main
function of APEDA is to build bond between Indian producers and the global
markets. APEDA undertakes counseling and briefing of potential sources on
government policy and procedures.

The APEDA undertakes a variety of developmental and promotional

programmes to increase exports. Main among them are development of data
base of products, services and markets, publicity and information
dissemination, product promotion, participation in international trade fairs,
organizing buyer-seller meets, problem solving programmes and advisory
services.

Apart from providing promotional services, the APEDA also offers

financial incentives through its schemes with a view of promoting Agro-
exports of the country. This assistance is available to producers, exporters and
associations. Financial assistance is available for brand publicity, supply of
samples to potential importers, conducting surveys and studies for market
exploration, quality up gradation, development of packaging quality,
manpower development and so on.

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The APEDA has been playing an important role in Karnataka aimed at

boosting agro-export. It has already identified export production zones and has
formulated a programme to provide financial and advisory services and
assistance mainly for the export of grapes, onion, flowers, vegetables/seeds and
other agro-commodities.

3.2 The functions of APEDA

a) The development of industries relating to the scheduled products for
export by way of providing financial assistance or otherwise for
undertaking surveys and feasibility studies, participation in the equity
capital through joint ventures and other reliefs and assistance schemes.
b) The registration of persons as exporters of the scheduled products on
payment of such fees as may be prescribed.
c) The fixing of standards and specifications for the scheduled products for
the purposes of export.
d) The carrying out of inspection of meat and meat products in any
slaughterhouse, processing, plant, storage premises, conveyances or
other places where such products are kept or handled for the purpose of
ensuring the quality of such products.
e) The improving of packaging of the scheduled products.
f) The improving of the marketing of the scheduled products outside India;
g) The promotion of export oriented production and development of the
scheduled products.
h) The collection of statistics from the owners of factories or
establishments engaged in the production, processing, packaging,
marketing or export of the scheduled products.
i) The training in various aspects of the industries connected with the
scheduled products.

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3.3 Organizational setup

The Authority consists of 40 members - a Chairman, the Agricultural
Marketing Advisor of the GOI, three Members of Parliament, 14 members
representing different Ministries, States/ UTs and the Planning Commission, and
21 members representing the industry, technical institutions and others. In
addition, it has 13 virtual offices at different locations in association with the
State Governments along with their staff, where basic information about APEDA
and its schemes are made available to entrepreneurs and prospective exporters.

3.4 Agri Export Zones

With the primary objective of boosting agricultural exports from India,
in March 2001, Government of India announced a policy of setting up of Agri
Export Zones (AEZs) across the country. The Central Government has
sanctioned 60 AEZs comprising about 40 agricultural commodities .AEZs is
spread across 20 states in the country.

3.4.1 Objectives of Agri Export Zones

The objective of setting up AEZs is to converge the efforts made,
hitherto, by various central and state government departments for increasing
exports of agricultural commodities from India. The AEZ takes a
comprehensive view of a particular produce/ product located in a
geographically contiguous area for the purpose of developing and sourcing raw
materials, their processing/packaging, and leading to final exports.

The major components of this comprehensive concept are:

- Cluster approach of identifying the potential products and geographical
region in which these products are grown.
- Adopting an end-to-end approach of integrating the entire process, right
from the stage of production till it reaches the consumption stage.
Integration of the activities of various agencies connected with the
department of the product.

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The emphasis in all the Agri Export Zones is on convergence. Thus, the
objective is to utilize the ongoing schemes of various Central and State
Government Agencies in a co-ordinate manner to cover the entire value chain
from farm to the consumer. In all the projects, necessary commitments have
been given by the State Governments and the Central Government Agencies
have also agreed to the project in principle. Detailed scheduling of each action
point has been worked out.

The expected benefit to accrue as a consequence of setting up of such

zones is as follows:
• Strengthening of backward linkages with a market oriented approach
• Product acceptability and its competitiveness abroad as well as in the
domestic market
• Value addition to basic agricultural produce
• Bring down cost of production through economy of scale
• Better price for agricultural produce
• Improvement in product quality and packaging
• Promote trade-related research and development
• Increase employment opportunities.

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Table – 3.1 : The State-Wise Detail of 60 AEZs Sanctioned

States Focus products Geographical areas

Mango Pulp & Fresh
Chittor
Vegetables
Mango & Grape Ranga Reddy, Medak and Mahaboobnagar
Andhra
Mango Krishna District
Pradesh
Mahboobnagar, Rangareddy, Medak,
Gherkins
Karinagar, Warangal, Ananthpur and Nalgonda
Chilli Guntur
Kamrup, Nalbari, Barpeta, Darrang,
Fresh and Processed
Assam Nagaon, Morigaon, Karbi Anglong and
Ginger
North Cachar
Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Hajipur,
Lychee, Vegetables Vaishali, East and WestChamparan,
Bihar
and Honey Bhagalpur, Begulsarai, Khagaria,
Sitamarhi, Saran and Gopalganj
Ahmedabad, Khaida, Anand, Vadodra, Surat,
Mango & Vegetables
Navsari, Valsad, Bharuch and Narmada
Gujarat Dehydrated Onion and Bhavnagar, Surendranagar, Amreli, Rajkot,
Garlic Junagadh and Jamnagar.
Sesame Seeds Amerali, Bhavnagar, Surendranagar
Himachal Kinnaur, Shimla, Sirmor, Kulu, Mandi and
Apple
Pradesh Chamba
Srinagar, baramula, Anantnag, Kupwara,
Apple
Badguam and Pulwana
Jammu &
Baramulla, Anantnag, Pulwama, Budgam,
Kashmir
Walnut Kupwara and Srinagar, Doda, Poonch,
Udhampur, Rajouri and Kathua
Jharkhand Vegetable Ranchi, Hazaribagh and Lohardaga
Tumkur, Bangalore (Urban), Bangalore
Gherkin (Rural) Hassan, Kolar, Chitradurga,
Dhrawad and Bagalkot
Rose Onion Bangalore (Urban) , Bangalore (Rural), Kolar
Karnataka
Bangalore (Urban),Bangalore (Rural) ,
Flowers
Kolar, Tumkur, Kodagu and Belgaum
Dakshin Kannada, Uttara Kannada, Udupi,
Vanilla
Shimoga, Kodagu, and Chickamagalur
Thrissur, Ernakulam, Kottayam,
Horticultural Products Alappuzha, Pathanumthitta, Kollam,
Thiruvananthpuram, Idukki and Pallakod
Kerala
Wayanad, Mallapuram, Palakkad, Thrissur,
Medicinal Plants Ernakulam, Idukki, Kollam, Pathanamittha
and Thiruvananthapuram

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Malwa, Ujjain, Indore, Dewas, Dhar,

Potatoes, Onion and
Shajapur, Ratlam, Nimach and Mandsaur
Garlic
Guna, Mandsaur, Ujjain, Rajgarh, Ratlam,
Seed spices
Shajapur andNeemuch
Madhya UjjainNeemuch, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Indore,
Pradesh Dhar, Shajapur, Dewas, Bhopal, Shehore,
Wheat
Vidisha, raisen, Hoshangabad, Harda and
Narsinghpur
Orange Chhindwara, Hoshangabad and Betu
Shivpuri, Guna, Vidisha, Raisen,
Lentils & Grams
Narsinghpura and Chhindwara
Orissa Ginger and Turmeric Kandhamal
Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala, Sangrur, Ropar
Vegetables
and Ludhiana
Singhpura, Zirakpur (Patiala) , Rampura
Punjab Potatoes
Phul, Muktsar, Ludhiana, Jallandhar
Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Kapurthala,
Basmati Rice
Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur and Nawanshahr
Coriander Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar and Chittoor
Rajasthan
Cumin Nagaur, Barmer, Jalore, Pali and Jodhpur
Flowers (Orchids) &
Cherry East Sikkim
Sikkim Pepper
Ginger North, East, South & West Sikkim
Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Pudukottai and
Cashew nuts
Sivaganga
Tamil Nadu
Flowers Dharampuri
Flowers Nilgiri
Tamil Nadu Madhurai, Theni, Dindigul, Virudhunagar
Mangoes
and Tirunelveli
Kumarghat, Manu, Melaghar, Matabari and
Tripura Organic Pineapple
Kakraban Blocks
Agra, Hathras, Farrukhabad, Kannoj,
Potatoes
Merrut, aligarh and Bagpat
Mangoes and Lucknow, Unnao, Hardoi, Sitapur and
Vegetables Barabanki
Uttar Saharanpur, Muzzafarnagar, Bijnaur,
Pradesh Mangoes
Merrut, Bhagpat and Bulandshahar
Bareilly, Shahajahanpur, Pilibhit, Rampur,
Badaun, bijnor, Moradabad, J B
Basmati Rice
Phulenagar, Saharanpur, ujjafarnagar,
Merrut, Bulandsahar, Ghaziabad

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Lychee Udhamsingh Nagar, Nainital and Dehradun

Flowers Dehradun and Pantnagar
Uttaranchal Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, Dehradun
Basmati rice
and Haridwar
Medicinal & Aromatic Uttarkashi, Chamoli.Pithoragarh, Dehradun
Plants and Nainital
Darjeeling, Uttar Dinajpur, Cooch Behar
West Bengal
and Jalpaiguri
Murshidabad, Malda, 24 Pargana s(N) and
Lychee
24 Parganas (S)
West Bengal Hoogly, Burdwan, Midnapore (W), Uday
Potatoes
Narayanpur and Howrah
Mangoes Malda and Murshidabad
Vegetable Nadia, Murshidabad and North 24 Parganas
Darjeeling Tea Darjeeling
Source: APEDA (2012)

3.5 Products Monitored by APEDA

APEDA is mandated with the responsibility of export promotion and
development of the following scheduled products:
1. Fresh & Vegetable:
Fresh onions
Other fresh vegetable
Walnuts
Fresh mangoes and Fresh grapes
2. Processed Fruits And Vegetables:
Dried and preserved vegetables
Mango pulp and pulses
3. Cereal & Cereal Products:
Basmati rice and Wheat
Non-basmati rice
Milled products
4. Animal Products:
Buffalo meat, sheep /goat meat
Animal casings
Swine meat
Processed meat
Poultry and Dairy Products

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5. Floriculture and Floriculture Products:

Fruit and vegetable seeds
6. Other Processed Foods:
Confectionery, Biscuits and Bakery Products.
Honey, Jaggery and Sugar Products.
Cocoa and its products, chocolates of all kinds.
Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages.
Groundnuts, Peanuts and Walnuts.
Pickles and Chutneys.

3.6 Processed Foods and Vegetables

Food processing sector is one of the largest sectors in India in terms of
production, growth, consumption, and export. India's food processing sector
includes fruit and vegetables, spices, meat and poultry, milk and milk products,
alcoholic beverages, fisheries, plantation, grain processing and other consumer
product groups like confectionery, chocolates and cocoa products, soya-based
products, mineral water, high protein foods etc. Since liberalization in Aug'91
proposals for projects of have been proposed in various segments of the food
and agro-processing industry.

Besides this, Government has also approved proposals for joint

ventures; foreign collaboration, industrial licenses and 100% export oriented
units envisaging an investment. Out of this, foreign investment is over Rs.10,
000 crores.

India's exports of Processed Food was Rs.34864.36 Crores in 2011-12,

which including the share of products like Mango Pulp (Rs.620.83 Crores),
Dried and Preserved Vegetable (Rs.700.19 Crores), Other Processed Fruit and
Vegetable (Rs. 2117.86 Crores), Pulses (Rs. 1067.93 Crores), Groundnuts (Rs.
5246.45 Crores), Guargum (Rs. 16523.87 Crores), Jaggery & Confectionary
(Rs. 3459.40 Crores), Cocoa Products (Rs. 175.98 Crores), Cereal Preparations
(Rs. 1870.04 Crores), Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (Rs. 1469.54
Crores) and Miscellaneous Preparations (Rs. 1291.03 Crores).

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The Indian food processing industry is mainly export orient. India's

geographical situation gives it the unique advantage of connectivity to Europe,
the Middle East, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and Korea.

One such example indicating India's location advantage is the value of

trade in agriculture and processed food between India and Gulf region.

3.6.1 Dried and Preserved Vegetables

India is the major producer of dried & Preserved Vegetable Like
Preserved Onions, Cucumber & Gherkins, provisionally preserved, Mushrooms
of the gensus agaricus, Other mushrooms and truffles, Green Pepper in Brine,
Dried Truffles, Asparagus Dried, Dehydrated Garlic Powder, Dehydrated
Garlic Flakes, Garlic Dried, Potatoes Dried, Grams, Grams Dal, Onion
Prepared/Preserved etc.

Many non-traditional vegetables mainly processed cucumber and

gherkins and other vegetables produced like asparagus, celery, bell pepper,
sweet corn, green and lime beans and organically grown vegetables are also
being increasingly exported.

Varieties
The major varieties under Dried and Preserved Vegetables products are
Mushroom (Button Mushroom, Oyster Mushroom, Paddy straw mushroom and
milky mushroom) Garlic (Agrifound White (G-41), Yamuna Safed 3 (G-282),
Agrifound Parvati (G-313) and Yamuna Safed 4 (G 323).

The Classification of Dried and Preserved Vegetables Products are:

Preserved Onions Cucumber & Gherkins, Mushrooms, Green Pepper in
Brine, Dried Truffles, Asparagus Dried, Dehydrated Garlic Powder,
Dehydrated Garlic Flakes, Garlic Dried, Potatoes Dried.

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Areas of Cultivation and Processing

The raw vegetables are typically grown in field conditions and are
mainly grown in the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, hilly
regions of north Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, West Bengal and Orissa.

Major Export Destinations

Germany, France, Russia, United States and United Kingdom.

India’ Export of Dried and Preserved Vegetables:

Table 3.2 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of
Dried and Preserved Vegetables export from India throughout the study period
2007-08 to 2011-12, was almost mask important differences in the export
growth.

There is negative growth in value in 2008-09 accounted for -28.31per

cent and positive growth in value in 2009-10 accounted for 47.8 per cent and
significant declined in the export growth in value accounted for 23.9 per cent
growth in 2010-11, whereas in 2011-12 the growth rate accounted for 41.1
percent. These disproportionate differences in the export growth in respect of
dried and preserved vegetables export from India are lack of integrated into the
international trading system.

Table – 3.2 Export of Dried and Preserved Vegetables from India

Year Qty (MT) Annual change (%) Value (Lakh) Annual change (%)
2007-08 65,088.49 - 28,450.87 -
2008-09 39,905.45 -38.7 20,394.03 -28.31
2009-10 36,179.73 -9.3 30,145.86 47.8
2010-11 49,009.12 35.4 37,333.50 23.9
2011-12 64,794.09 32.2 52,678.46 41.1
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

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3.6.2 Mango Pulp

Mango Pulp is prepared from selected varieties of Fresh Mango Fruit.
Fully matured Mangoes are harvested, quickly transported to the fruit
processing plant, inspected and washed. Selected high quality fruits go to the
controlled ripening chambers; Fully Ripened Mango fruits are then washed,
blanched, pulped, deseeded, centrifuged, homogenized, concentrated when
required, thermally processed and aseptically filled maintaining sterility.

The preparation process includes cutting, de-stoning, refining and

packing. In case of aseptic product the pulp is sterilized and packed in aseptic
bags. The refined pulp is also packed in cans, hermetically sealed and retorted.
Frozen pulp is pasteurized and deep-frozen in plate freezers.

The process ensures that the natural flavour and aroma of the fruit is
retained in the final product. Mango Pulp/Concentrate is perfectly suited for
conversion to juices, nectars, drinks, jams, fruit cheese and various other kinds
of beverages. It can also be used in puddings, bakery fillings, fruit meals for
children and flavours for food industry, and also to make the most delicious ice
creams, yoghurt and confectionery.

Areas of Cultivation and Processing

Two main clusters of Mango Pulp are there in the country, which has
around 65 processing units with a good backward linkage of Alphonso and
Totapuri variety of mangoes. These clusters are Chittoor in the state of Andhra
Pradesh and Krishnagiri in the state of Tamil Nadu. Some of the Processing
units are in the state of Maharashtra and Gujrat.

Major Export Destinations: Saudi Arabia, Netherland, Yemen

Republic, United Arab Emirates and Kuwait.

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India’ Export of Mango Pulp

Table – 3.3 : Export of Mango Pulp from India

Annual Annual
Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh)
change (%) change (%)
2007-08 166,756.00 - 50,968.00 -
2008-09 173,016.00 3.75 75,298.00 47.73
2009-10 186,199.00 7.62 74,459.00 -1.11
2010-11 1,70,219.72 -7.66 81,893.27 9.32
2011-12 1,50,499.06 -11.5 62,082.85 -23.7
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.3 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Mango Pulp export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to 2011-
12, was almost cover important differences in the export growth .

There is negative growth in value in 2009-10 accounted for -1.11 per

cent and positive growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for 9.32 per cent and
significant declined in the export growth in value accounted for -23.7 per cent
in 2011-12.

3.6.3 Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables

The fruit and vegetable processing industry in India is highly
decentralized having wide capacities. The diverse agro- climatic zones make it
possible to grow almost all varieties of fresh fruits and green vegetables in
India. India is the second largest producer of fresh vegetables in the world
(ranks next to China) and accounts for about 15% of the world’s production of
vegetables. Since liberalization and withdrawal of excise duty on fruit and
vegetable products there has been significant rise in the growth rate of the
industry Out of 370 million tons of fruit production in the world, India accounts
for 30 million tons.

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The Classification of Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables Products is:

Apple Juice, Lemon Juice, Jam Jellies of Apple, Mango Juice, Olives,
Sweet corn, Tomato Prepared of Preserved ,Dried Apricots ,Cucumbers
/Gherkins (Prepared/Preserved).

India’s Export of Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables:

Table – 3.4 : Export of Other Processed Fruits and Vegetables from India

Annual Value Annual change

Year Qty (MT)
change (%) (LACS ) (%)
2007-08 1,84,411.73 - 71,336.83 -
2008-09 1,95,383.31 6 88,514.96 24
2009-10 2,23,375.53 14.3 94,034.04 6.2
2010-11 1,99,868.41 -10.52 99,704.05 6
2011-12 2,74,807.03 37.5 1,57,759.87 58
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.4 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Other Processed Fruits and Vegetables export from India throughout the study
period 2007-08 to 2011-12.

There is less growth in value in 2009-10 accounted for only 6.2 per cent
and also the same growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for 6 per cent. But
there is significant growth in the export in value accounted for 58 per cent in
2011-12.

3.6.4 Ground Nut

The groundnut belongs to the pea and bean family and is a legume. The
groundnut is the only nut that grows below the earth. The groundnut plant is a
variable annual herb, which grows up to 50 cm. in height. The flowers of the
plant develop a stalk which enters into the soil, forms a pod containing
generally two seeds. They become mature in about two months, when the
leaves of the plant turn yellow.

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The plant is then removed from the earth and allowed to dry. After three
to six weeks they are separated from the plant. The groundnut is particularly
valued for its protein contents, which is of high biological value and it contain
more protein than meat-about two and a half times more than eggs, and far
more than any other vegetable food except soybean and yeast. Groundnut is
grown in nearly 100 countries. India is one of the major exporting countries of
groundnuts after china.

Areas of Cultivation
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu. Madhya Pradesh is the main production area in India.

India’s Export of Ground Nuts

Table – 3.5 : Export of Ground Nuts from India

Annual change Annual change

Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh)
(%) (%)
2007-08 269,587.00 - 105,408.00 -
2008-09 297,890.00 10.50 123,902.00 17.54
2009-10 340,247.00 14.22 142,593.00 15.09
2010-11 4,33,762.00 22.60 2,17,840.60 46.85
2011-12 8,32,616.92 92 5,24,644.76 141
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.5 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Ground Nuts export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to 2011-
12 .

There is a declined in the export growth in value in 2009-10 accounted

for 15.09 per cent but a significant growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for
46.85 per cent and 2011-12 accounted for 141per cent.

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3.6.5 Guar gum

India is native of guar or cluster bean where it is used as a vegetable.
From hundreds of years Guar has been used as vegetable in India. It is also
used as a cattle food, and as a green manure crop in agriculture.

Guar gum comes from the endosperm of the seed of the legume plant
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; an annual plant, grown in dry regions of India as a
food crop for animals. There are various grades of Guar gums pure or
derivative. Guar gum is a white to creamy coloured, free flowing powder and
free from extraneous matter.

Its ability to suspend solids, bind water by hydrogen bonding, control

the viscosity of aqueous solutions, form strong tough films have accounted for
its rapid growth and use in various industries. For example guar gum is used in
paper, textile, oil drilling, mining, explosives, ore flotation and other various
industrial applications.

The growing season of guar is 14 -16 weeks and requires reasonably

warm weather and moderate flashing rainfall with plenty of sunshine. Too
much rain can cause the plant to become more 'leafy' resulting thereby reducing
the number of pods or the number of seeds per pod which affects the size and
yield of seeds.

The crop is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the second half
of July to early August and is harvested in late October early November. After
harvesting, when the pods become dry through sunlight, they are beaten off and
during this process, the seeds come out of the pods.

Areas of Cultivation
The main areas of cultivation of Guargum in India are Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.

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India’s Export of Guar Gum

Table – 3.6 : Export of Guar Gum from India

Annual change Annual

Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh )
(%) change (%)
2007-08 211,167.00 - 112,572.00 -
2008-09 258,567.00 22.45 133,901.00 18.95
2009-10 218,481.00 -15.50 113,329.00 -15.36
2010-11 4,41,607.70 84.76 2,93,869.89 148.12
2011-12 7,07,326.43 60 16,52,386.71 462
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.6 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Guar Gum export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to 2011-12.

There is negative growth in value in 2009-10 accounted for -15.36 per

cent and positive growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for 148.12 per cent
whereas in 2011-12 there is the higher growth rate accounted for 462 percent.

3.6.6 Jaggery and Confectionary

Jaggery is unrefined natural sugar that is produced without adding any
chemicals. More than 70% of the total world jaggery production is done in
India. Jaggery is popularly known as the “medicinal sugar” and is nutritionally
comparable with honey. It has been used as a sweetener in Ayurvedic Medicine
for 3000 years.

Indian Ayurvedic medicine considers jaggery to be beneficial in treating

throat and lung infections. While refined sugar mainly consists of glucose and
fructose, jaggery contains glucose and sucrose. But jaggery also has minerals
and vitamins which lacks in the refined sugar. The mineral content of jaggery
includes calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and iron and traces of
zinc and copper. The vitamin content includes folic acid and B-complex

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vitamins. Thus, other than that it is a good source of energy, it also prevents
rheumatic afflictions, prevents disorders of bile, helps in relieving fatigue,
recreation of muscles, nerves and blood vessels; maintains blood pressure and
reduces water retention, increases hemoglobin level and prevents anaemia.

These are offered in spectrum delicious stuffs in baked products like

biscuits, breads, cakes, pastries, buns, rusks and rolls etc. Other side of the
items range to chocolates, hard-boiled sweets, chewing gum etc.

The bakery sector in India is one of largest segment of the food

processing industries in which the annual turnover in value terms is
approximately $ 900 million. In India the total bakery production is estimated
at 1.5 million ton in bread and 1.1 mn ton in biscuit production. The cake
industry is estimated at 0.4 mn ton.

The bread market is estimated to be growing at around 7% pa in volume

terms, and the biscuit industry in the recent years has witnessed a little higher
growth at around 8-10% pa. In the biscuit category, cream and specialty
biscuits are growing at faster pace at 20% pa. Currently, the estimated bakeries
engaged in the country are 2 million.

The confectionery industry is segmented into sugar-boiled

confectionery, chocolates, mints and chewing gums. The sugar boiled
confectionery is consisting of hard-boiled candy, toffees etc. Accounts for the
largest segments. The confectionery industry has a current capacity of 85,000
tonnes and the growth rate per annum is 10-15%.

The Classification of Jaggery and Confectionary Products are:

Cane Jaggery, Palmyra Jaggery, Raw Cane Jaggery, Sugar
Confectionery, Chocolates, Chewing gum

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Major Export Destinations

United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Yemen
Republic.

India’s Export of Jaggery and Confectionery

Table – 3.7 : Export of Jaggery and Confectionery from India

Annual Annual change

Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh )
change (%) (%)
2007-08 3,84,961.88 - 52,064.02 -
2008-09 4,72,719.71 22.8 80,356.65 54.3
2009-10 1,26,882.35 -73.15 42,776.12 -46.8
2010-11 72,361.48 -42.9 32,299.57 -24.5
2011-12 2,07,694.35 187 76,421.98 136
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.7 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Jaggery and Confectionery export from India throughout the study period
2007-08 to 2011-12.

There are negative growth in values in 2009-10 accounted for -46.8 per
cent and -24.5 per cent in 2010-11.ther is a significant positive growth in 2011-
12 accounted for 136 per cent.

3.6.7 Cocoa Products

Cocoa is a commercial plantation crop. The seeds of cocoa fruit, yield
flavored cocoa powder on fermentation. Cocoa is hardly grown as a mono crop.
Its imminent capacity to share the alley spaces of tall growing Coconut and
Arecanut palms and its combining ability with the microclimatic conditions
available in such perennial gardens helps its cultivation in utilizing such areas
without exacting for an independent growing climate of its own.

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In any groves of tall growing palms where 40-50% sunlight penetration

is possible, cocoa stands first to absorb such solar energy, remaining symbiotic
to the main crop and generating additional income as well, besides helping the
amelioration of the soil conditions making beneficial not only for its own
growth but also for the benefit of the main crop under which it takes its shelter.

Varieties
Cocoa Beans, Cocoa powder of coating sugar, Cocoa shells husks skins
and Cocoa butter fat & oil.

Areas of Cultivation
Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

India’s Export of Cocoa Products

Table – 3.8 : Export of Cocoa Products from India

Annual Annual
Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh )
change (%) change (%)
2007-08 4,982.00 - 4,227.00 -
2008-09 6,829.00 37.07 8,398.00 98.67
2009-10 5,862.00 -14.16 9,701.00 15.51
2010-11 6,960.00 18.73 13,151.00 35.56
2011-12 16,678.58 139 17,597.61 33.9
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.8 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Cocoa Products export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to
2011-12.

There is a significant decline in values in 2009-10 accounted for 15.51

per cent but in 2010-11 there is positive growth accounted for 35.56 per
cent.the growth rate in 2011-12 is accounted for 33.9 per cent.

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3.6.8 Cereal Preparations

India has increased its share in the cereal and cereal preparation
products in the international market. The present invention provides a method
for preparing cereal foods which can be cooked readily and in a very short
period of time.

Swelled cereal particles are partially dehydrated to a water content of 8-

25% by weight and are thereafter fried for a short period of time. Immediately
and before cooling, oil is removed from the fried particles. Yeast bread is made
essentially from flour, water and yeast in the presence of heat.

The Classification of Cereal Preparations Products is:

Yeast bread ,Whole wheat muffins, Shredded wheat biscuits ,Ginger
bread, Puffed wheat and puffed rice, Custard, Flaked wheat, Rice custard,
Flaked corn, Macaroni and cheese, Baking powder bread, Toast, Corn bread.

India’s Export of Cereal Preparations

Table – 3.9 : Export of Cereal Preparations from India

Annual Annual
Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh)
change (%) change (%)
2007-08 135,963.00 - 67,729.00 -
2008-09 206,925.00 52.19 110,094.00 62.55
2009-10 168,797.00 -18.43 101,351.00 -7.94
2010-11 215,731.00 27.80 122,684.00 21.04
2011-12 3,01,289.71 39.7 1,88,859.70 54
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.9 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Cereal Preparations export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to
2011-12.There is negative growth in value in 2009-10 accounted for -7.94 per
cent and positive growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for 21.04 per cent. This
growth continued in 2011-12 accounted for 54 percent.

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3.6.9 Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages

An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known
as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers,
wines and spirits. Today, Indian beer is brewed at various places in the country
and is mainly top-fermented.

The demand of India’s Alcoholic Beverages products like Beer Made

from Malt, Wine, White Wine, Other Wine Included Grapes, Other Alcoholic
Beverages, Brandy, Whiskies, Rum, gin and other Gin etc. has increased in
global market.

India is the third largest market for alcoholic beverages in the world. for
production of grain based alcoholic beverages. Around 56 units are
manufacturing beer under license from the Government of India.

The Classification of Alcoholic Beverages Products is:

Wine ,White Wine, Other Wine Included Grapes, Brandy ,Whiskies,
Rum, Gin and other Gin Pepsi, Coke, Soft Drinks, Mineral Water.

Major Export Destinations: United Arab Emirates, Angola, Ghana,

Singapore and Cameroon during the period.

India’s Export of Alcoholic Beverages

Table – 3.10 : Exports of Alcoholic Beverages from India

Annual change Annual change

Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh )
(%) (%)
2007-08 59,614.00 - 33,851.00 -
2008-09 56,152.00 -5.80 54,251.00 60.26
2009-10 70,507.00 25.56 58,951.00 8.66
2010-11 132,109.00 87.37 79,022.00 34.05
2011-12 2,14,110.69 62.1 1,45,944.99 84.7
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

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Table 3.10 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Alcoholic Beverages export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to
2011-12.There is a significant decline accounted for 8.66 per cent in 2009-10
but a positive growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for 34.05 per cent. This
growth continued in 2011-12 accounted for 84.7 percent.

3.6.10 Miscellaneous Preparations

Miscellaneous Preparations products in Processed Food includes Bakers
Wares, biscuits, corn Flakes, Couscous, Crisp Bread, Ginger Bread, Malted
Milk Food, Other Bakery products, Other Pasta, , Stuffed Paste cooked and
Uncooked Paste etc.

Major Export Destinations: United States, United Arab Emirates,

United Kingdom, Bangladesh and Nepal.

India’s Exports of Miscellaneous Preparations

Table – 3.11 : Export of Miscellaneous Preparations from India

Annual change Value Annual change

Year Qty (MT)
(%) (lakh) (%)
2007-08 95,096.03 - 42,741.48 -
2008-09 1,23,957.94 30.3 56,071.68 31
2009-10 1,46,626.21 18.3 67,669.20 20.6
2010-11 1,59,209.16 8.9 83,281.49 23
2011-12 2,29,341.93 44 1,21,916.02 46.4
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.11 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Miscellaneous Preparations export from India throughout the study period
2007-08 to 2011-12.

There is a decline accounted for 20.6 per cent in 2009-10 but a positive
growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for 23 per cent. This growth continued in
2011-12 accounted for 46.4 percent.

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3.6.11 Milled Products

Indian milled products include the products like Wheat/Meslin Flour,
Rya Flour, Maize (corn) Flour, Rice Flour, Cereal Flour other than of Wheat
(Meslin, Rye, Maize, Rice), Groats of Wheat, Meal of Wheat, Pellets of wheat
etc.

The Classification of Milled Products is:

Wheat or Muslin Flour, Maize (Corn) Flour, Rice Flours, Other Cereal
Flours

Major Export Destinations

United States, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Somalia and United
Kingdom.

India’s Export of Milled Products

Table – 3.12 : Export of Milled Products from India

Annual Annual
Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh)
change (%) change (%)
2007-08 86687.87 - 12,603.43 -
2008-09 58406.64 -32.6 10,989.01 -12.9
2009-10 72744.36 24.54 15,362.95 39.8
2010-11 99101.24 36.23 19,706.30 28.27
2011-12 171158.13 72.71 35,890.14 82.12
Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

Table 3.12 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Milled Products export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to
2011-12.There is a positive growth accounted for 39.8 per cent in 2009-10 but
a less growth in value in 2010-11 accounted for 28.27per cent. This growth
continued in 2011-12 accounted for 82.12 percent.

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3.6.12 Pulses
Pulses are one of the important food crops globally due to higher protein
content. Pulses are an important group of crops in India, which is also
responsible for yielding large financial gains by amounting for a large part of
the exports. Pulses are the major sources of protein in the diet. Of all categories
of people pulses form an integral part of the Indian diet, providing much
needed protein to the carbohydrate rich diet. India is the largest producer of
pulses in the world. Pulses are 20 to 25 per cent protein by weight which is
double the protein content of wheat and three times that of rice.

Varieties
Major pulses are grown chickpeas (gram), pigeon pea (tur or arhar),
moong beans, urd (black matpe), masur (lentil), peas and various kinds of
beans.

Major Export Destinations

Pakistan, Algeria, Turkey, Sri Lanka and United Arab Emirates.

India’s Export of Pulses

Table – 3.13 : Export of Pulses from India

Annual change Annual change

Year Qty (MT) Value (lakh)
(%) (%)

2007-08 170,616.00 - 54,893.00 -

2008-09 136,879.00 -19.77 54,235.00 -1.20

2009-10 100,130.00 -26.85 40,828.00 -24.72

2010-11 205,824.00 105.55 85,312.00 108.95

2011-12 1,74,625.18 -15 1,06,793.13 25.2

Source: DGCIS Annual Export (2012)

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Table 3.13 indicates that export performance and growth in respect of

Pulses export from India throughout the study period 2007-08 to 2011-12, was
almost mask important differences in the export growth .

There is negative growth in value in 2008-09 accounted for -1.20 per

cent and significant declined in the export growth in value accounted for -24.72
per cent in 2009-10, whereas in 2010-11there is a positive growth rate
accounted for 108.95 percent. The growth rate in 2011-12 is accounted for 25.2
percent.

These disproportionate differences in the export growth in respect of

Pulses export from India are lack of integrated into the international trading
system.

3.7 Activities Undertaken By APEDA for Export Promotion

The statutory mandate assigned to APEDA has been attempted to be
carried out through implementation of the five financial schemes to augment
the agro exports of the India. These schemes, as detailed below, are either
performed by APEDA itself or through other exporters.
¾ Scheme for Market Development
¾ Scheme for Infrastructure Development
¾ Scheme for Quality Development
¾ Scheme for Research and Development
¾ Scheme for Transport Assistance

3.7.1 Scheme for Market Development

Under the scheme, APEDA provides financial assistance for development
of packaging standards and design and also for up-gradation of already developed
packing standards. Assistance is also extended to registered exporters of fresh
fruits and vegetables, flowers and eggs for use of packaging material as per
standards and specifications developed or adopted by APEDA. In line with

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assistance under MDA Scheme, assistance for conducting surveys, feasibility

studies etc. for the common benefit of a number of exporters, who may be the
members of the Associations/Boards/Apex Bodies etc/belonging to a group being
assisted/serviced by Govt. /Semi-Government Organisation, is also extended.

There is also the provision of supply of material, samples, product

literature, development of website, advertisement etc. for publicity and market
promotion for fairs/events organized /sponsored by APEDA. The APEDA also
tries to bring benefits to agro exporters by undertaking various activities like
buyer-seller meet, product promotion campaigns, exchange of delegations,
participation in exhibitions/fairs/events etc. under the scheme.

3.7.2 Scheme for Infrastructure Development

APEDA recognizing the inadequacy of post harvest infrastructure
facilities which result in huge inefficiencies and wastages provides financial
assistance to improve infrastructure under its scheme for Infrastructure
Development.

The assistance provided under the Scheme is in two forms:

a) By building up common infrastructure like setting up pack houses in
potential clusters in various states, integrated perishable cargo facilities
at major airports at Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad,
Trivandrum, Cochin, Kolkata, Bagdogra, Amritsar, Goa and
Nashikwhich can be utilized.
b) By providing financial assistance on the request of an individual
exporter or a group of exporters of various segments registered with
APEDA to set up or improve their infrastructural facilities like sorting
and grading lines, intermediate storage sheds, Effluent Treatment Plant,
Water Softening Plant, lab equipments, pre-cooling units, high humidity
cold storages, refrigerated transport etc.

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3.7.3 Scheme for Quality Development

In order to address the ever-growing concern of food safety in the global
market, APEDA through its scheme for Quality Development has attempted to
strengthen the capabilities of Indian exporters for adherence to international
quality standards.

Under the scheme, financial assistance is extended to exporters for

purchase of lab equipments, and implementation of quality systems like ISO,
HACCP, BRC, GAP etc.

A number of activities like development of pre and post harvest protocols,

implementation of Good Agricultural Practices, export standards for the 42 fruits
and vegetables meant for export to the European Union, schemes pertaining to
formulation and implementation of registration, recognition of pack houses and
processing units, regulation of export of fresh grapes, pomegranates and organic
products through control of pesticides, recognition of consultancy and
certification agencies for HACCP, recognition of laboratories for export testing
and monitoring plants implemented by APEDA, training programmes for
laboratories, preparation of document titled "National Programme for Good
Agricultural Practices" (India GAP) which is presently under consideration of
the Government, regular participation and contribution in Codex meetings for
safeguarding the interest of export of Indian Agro Products have been carried
out under the quality development and assurance programme.

APEDA also extends financial assistance for Capacity Building and

Organisation Management. This is achieved through providing assistance for up
gradation of technical and managerial skills through on spot training in India and
abroad, organizing seminars/group activities including study tours within the
country and for bringing out informative literature, organizing international study
tours sponsored or organized by APEDA and the association of exporters.

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3.7.4 Scheme for Research and Development

Under the Scheme for Research and Development, APEDA gets R&D
work conducted through expert institutions in accordance with trade
requirement for development of value added products, improvement in
processing technologies, development of new varieties, etc. for the benefit of
processors/exporters.

Assistance is also extended to recognized exporters associations of

APEDA to support relevant research and development for export enhancement
through R & D organizations in co-operative/private sector.

3.7.5 Scheme for Transport Allowance

To mitigate the freight disadvantage faced by the exporters and to help
the commodities remain competitive, APEDA, extends assistance to the
exporters of horticultural, floriculture, processed food and animal products in
terms of certain concession in percentage on the FOB or freight or specific rate
(Rs. Per kg) value of exports depending upon the kind of commodity exported.
The concessions are considered on receipt of applications on first come first
served basis, based on the date of physical receipt of the document and subject
to availability of funds.

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Table – 3.14 : Schemes for Market Development

Components
Packaging Development
Component 1
Activity for development of packaging
standards and design
Up-gradation of already developed packing
standards
Component 2
Assistance to exporters for use of packaging
material as per standards and specifications
developed or adopted by APEDA
Export Promotion and Market
Development
Component 1
Supply of material, samples, product literature,
development of website, advertisement etc. for
publicity and market promotion for
fairs/events organized /sponsored by APEDA
Component 2
Publicity and promotion through preparation
of Product literature, publicity
material,advertisement,film etc.by APEDA
Component 3
Brand publicity (Product specific Indian
Brands) through advertisement etc. Brand
promotion for those brands which are of
Indian origin , advertisement in international
print/electronic media, website development
etc.
Component 4
Export promotion by APEDA for undertaking
activities like buyer-seller meet, product
promotion, exchange of delegations,
participation in exhibitions/fairs/events etc
Component 5
Generic publicity of Indian agricultural And
processed products
Source: APEDA (2012)
Pattern of Assistance
100% to be implemented by
APEDA
Assistance to registered exporters of
fresh fruits & vegetables, flowers
and eggs @ 25% of the total cost of
packaging material subject to a
ceiling of Rs 5 lakh
100% to be implemented by
APEDA
100% to be implemented by
APEDA
25% of the total cost subject to a
ceiling of Rs 50.00 lakh in a year on
reimbursement basis subject to
auditing of the accounts. Not to be
extended to an exporter beyond 3
consecutive years. Norms for
providing assistance would be
framed by APEDA
100% to be implemented by
APEDA For exporters, assistance
would be provided in the pattern of
MDA guidelines
100% of the cost for APEDA
For exporters, assistance would be
provided on the pattern of MDA
guidelines.

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Table – 3.15 : Schemes for Infrastructure Development

COMPONENTS PATTERN OF ASSISTANCE
PART I
Establishment of common infrastructure
facilities by APEDA or any other Government
100% grant-in-aid
or Public Sector agency like Airport Authority
of India or Port Trust etc
PART II
I) Assistance for purchase of specialized
25% of the cost subject to a ceiling
transport units for animal products
of Rs.2.50 lakh per beneficiary.
horticulture and floriculture sector
II) Assistance to exporters/producers/
growers/Cooperative organization and federations
for horticulture and floriculture sector for: 25% of the cost subject to a ceiling
i. Mechanization of harvest operation of the of Rs.5.00 lakh per beneficiary
produce
ii. Setting up of sheds for intermediate 25% of the cost of equipment subject
storage and grading / storage / cleaning to a ceiling of Rs.5.00 lakh per
operation of produce. beneficiary
iii. a) Setting up of mechanized handling 25% of the cost of equipment subject
facilities including sorting, grading, to a ceiling of Rs.10.00 lakh per
washing, waxing, ripening, packaging & beneficiary
palletization etc.
b) Setting up of both pre cooling facilities 25% of the cost of equipment subject
with proper handling system as well as to a ceiling of Rs.10.00 lakh per
cold storage for storing beneficiary
c) Providing facilities for pre- shipment 25% of the cost of equipment subject
treatment such as: fumigation, X-ray to a ceiling of Rs.10.00 lakh per
screening, hot water dip treatment, beneficiary
Water softening Plant
d) Setting up of integrated post-harvest-
25% of the cost subject to a ceiling
handling system (pack houses / green
of Rs.25.00 lakh per beneficiary
houses with any two or more of the
above facilities)
e) Setting up of vapor heat (treatment,
50% of the cost subject to a ceiling
electronic beam processing or
of Rs.25 lakh per beneficiary
irradiation facilities)
f) Assistance for setting up of environment
25% of the cost subject to a ceiling
control system e.g. pollution control,
of Rs.25 lakh per beneficiary
effluent treatment etc.
g) Setting up of specialized storage
facilities such as high humidity cold
25% of the cost subject to a ceiling
storage deep freezers, controlled
of Rs.10 lakh per beneficiary
atmosphere (CA) or modified
atmosphere (MA) storage etc.

Source: APEDA (2012)

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Table – 3.16 : Schemes for Quality Development

PATTERN OF
Promotion of Quality and Quality Control
ASSISTANCE

Component 1

25% of the cost subject to a

ceiling of Rs 20 lakh per
Assistance etc. for setting up/strengthening
beneficiary. Quality standards
laboratories
should be adhered to for
availing the subsidy.

Component 2

Assistance of installing quality management, quality

assurance and quality control systems such as ISO
50% of the cost subject to a
series, HACCP, TQM, KOSHER, BRC, GAP,
ceiling of Rs 5 lakh per
Organic Certification and ERP based traceability
beneficiary
etc. including consultancy, quality improvement
and certification etc.

Component 3

Activities related to standardization and quality

control such as preparation of quality assurance
manuals, guidelines, documents, standards, up
100% to be implemented by
gradation and recognition of labs for export testing,
APEDA
certifying exporters as premium quality exporters
etc. pesticide management program, national and
international standardization activities

1. 50% of the cost for private

labs.
Component 4 2. 100% for the Central
Up gradation and recognition of labs for Government labs, and 75% for
State Govt./University labs
export testing
The above is subject to a
ceiling of Rs 50 lakh

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Table – 3.17 : Schemes for Research and Development

COMPONENTS PATTERN OF ASSISTANCE

Component 1

Assistance for technology development through

100% to be implemented by
R & D efforts with research institution under
APEDA
Government/Public Sector

Component 2

Assistance to recognized exporters associations

Up to 50% of the total cost of the
of APEDA to support relevant research and
project subject to a ceiling of Rs
development for export enhancement through R
20 lakh
& D organizations in co-operative/private sector

Source: APEDA (2012) 

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Schemes For Transport Assistance

Applicability for Transport Assistance
Assistance would be maximum of 10% of the FOB value subject to a
ceiling of 25% of the freight cost and the specific per kg. Transport Assistance
shall be payable on Gross Weight basis only.

Table – 3.18 : Destinations As Per APEDA Circular And Individual

Countries Belonging To Them

Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,

Middle East Countries Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
UAE, YAR
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore,
South East Asia
Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Ireland, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungry, Albania,
Poland, Rumania, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Europe & African
Countries Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt,
Guinea, Bissau, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia,
Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Angola,
Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory
Cost, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
North America Canada, USA,
Central America Mexico, West Indies, Cuba, Costa Rica, Guatema
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Bolivia, Paraguay,
South America
Uruguay, Venezuela.
China, Hong Kong, Japan, Fiji, South Korea, North
Far East & Asia Pacific
Korea, Philippines, Taiwan, Papua & New Guinea
Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan,
CIS Countries Russia, Moldova, Kyrgyz Stan, Kazakhstan, Georgia,
Belarus, Azerbaijan, Armenia
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
SAARC Countries
Lanka
Australia, New Zealand Australia, New Zealand
Source: APEDA (2012)

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Table – 3.19 : Eligible Items and Permissible Destinations for Air / Sea
Transport Assistance

AIR

Product Destination

Fresh Fruits (excluding mangoes, grapes, pineapple, All

destinations guava, grapefruits, water melons, melons, papaya,
tamarind, sapota, sitafal, apples, pomegranates,bananas,citrus,
All destinations
pears, apricots, cherries, peaches, plums, custard apple, figs,
avocado, strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, cranberries,
bore other fresh fruits) by air

Fresh Vegetables (excluding onions, potatoes, tomatoes, carrots

and turnips, cucumbers and gherkins, gourds, garlic mushrooms,
plantain, green pepper, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, sago pith,
walnuts, frozen vegetables including peas, spinach, curry leaves,
All destinations
drumsticks, beans, okra, green chilly, carrots cauliflower, okra
and pre-cut vegetables, sprouts, chicory, radish, leeks,
artichokes, celery, truffles, tarragon, cassava and other edible
roots and tubers, other vegetables fresh / chilled / frozen) by air

Source: APEDA (2012)

BY AIR

Tenth Five Year Plan - Horticulture Products

Destination Assistance Rate (Rs. / kg)

Europe & Africa 15

Middle East Countries 6

Far East, New Zealand and Australia 10

North America & Canada 22

South East Asian Countries / CIS

6
Countries

Central America 22

South America 22

Source: APEDA (2012)

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SEA
Product Destination
Fresh Fruits (excluding mangoes, grapes, dates, pineapple,
guava, grapefruits, water melons, melons, papaya, tamarind, All destinations
sapota, sitafal, citrus, other fresh fruits) by sea
Fresh Vegetables (excluding onions, carrots and turnips,
cucumbers and gherkins, gourds, curry leaves, drumsticks,
garlic, mushrooms, plantain, green pepper, pumpkins, sweet All destinations
potatoes, sago pith, walnuts, and other edible roots and tubers,
other vegetables fresh / chilled / frozen) by sea
Source: APEDA (2012)
BY SEA

Products Destinations / Assistance Rate per Kg

For Fresh & Frozen Fruits & Vegetables,

Poultry Products – dried / cooked / frozen /
preserved etc. (by reefer containers)
Middle East – Rs. 3.00
South East Asia – Rs. 3.00
Europe & Africa – Rs. 6.00
All eligible products listed in above
table North America & Canada – Rs. 8.00
Japan – Rs. 6.00
Central & South America – Rs. 8.00
Far East & Asia Pacific – Rs. 6.00
(Including Australia & NZ)
CIS Countries – Rs. 6.00

All eligible products listed in above For other Products (by non-reefer
table containers)

Middle East – Rs. 1.00

South East Asia – Rs. 1.00
Europe & Africa – Rs. 1.50
North America & Canada – Rs. 2.50
Japan – Rs. 1.25
Central & South America – Rs. 2.50
Far East & Asia Pacific – Rs. 1.25
(Including Australia & NZ) – Rs. 1.25

Source: APEDA (2012)

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3.8 Conclusions
One of the most important manifestations of India’s economic
globalization is the expansion of international trade. While some developing
countries have performed well in exporting agricultural processed food
produces in world markets, India is struggling to become fully integrated in the
world trading system in respect of agricultural processed food produces.

In particular it is now widely acknowledged that Marketing,

Infrastructure, Quality Development, Research & Development and Transport
Assistance requirements are important components for agricultural processed
food produces export trade.

Considering the export potential of India’s Agricultural Processed Food

Products, the govt.of India has provided the statutory mandate assigned to
APEDA to carry out through implementation of the five financial schemes to
augment the agro exports of the country. These schemes are: (1) Scheme for
Market Development. (2) Scheme for Infrastructure Development. (3) Scheme
for Quality Development. (4) Scheme for Research and Development and (5)
Scheme For Transport Assistance.

The aim of the present research study is to assess and evaluate the
impact of APEDA schemes on the ability of Export Oriented Units (EOUs) of
agricultural processed food products to access markets in the international
level.

108