SMALL CIRCUITSCOLLECTION

1-040410 014040-1 014040-1

ROTKELE )C( (C) ELEKTOR
H1

H2

RE1 R2 K2 K1 ~ ~

R5
D5

R4
IC1

C3

C1

R3
C2
R1

C4
D3

P1
D1

D4
D2
H3

H4

high enough resistance in damp weather.
The relay is a Eurocard type with a coil voltage of 12 V. It
draws around 37 mA. A 230-VAC VDR is connected across
the contacts. This is a voltage-dependent resistor that acts
somewhat like a bi-directional Zener diode and suppresses
voltage spikes when the load is switched off. Larger or
smaller types can also be used, as long as they are suitable
for 230-V operation. An S5K250 or S20K250 could thus be
used instead.
(014040-1)

Fundamental/Overtone
Crystal Oscillator 003
+5V +5V
The schematics show two crystal oscillator circuits con-
structed using the high-speed LT1394 comparator from Lin-
C1 C1
ear Technology (www.linear-tech.com). In each case the
100n 100n
crystal is in the positive feedback path, while in the negative
feedback path an RC network provides the necessary R1
X1
1...10MHz R1
X1
10...25MHz
phase lag.
2k2

2k2

Circuit (a) is designed to use AT-cut crystal oscillating IC1 IC1

at its fundamental frequency and is suitable for operation 2 1 2 1

7 7
over a frequency range from 1 MHz to 10 MHz. LT1394 R4 LT1394
3 3
22Ω

Circuit (b) includes the RC network consisting of R4 and 4 4

C3, which reduces the gain as the frequency rises by R3 R3

2k2 2k2
increasing the loading on the positive feedback path cor- R2
C2 C3
R2
C2
2k2

2k2

respondingly. In this way oscillations at higher multiples of 68n 220p

820p
the fundamental frequency are suppressed, although the
wanted third harmonic must not be unduly damped. This 014110 - 11 014110 - 12

circuit is designed to use AT-cut crystals between 10 MHz

and 25 MHz. (a) Q1 = AT-cut crystal for (b) Q1 = AT-cut third-overtone
(014110-1)
operation at a fundamental crystal for operation in the range
frequency in the range 1-10 MHz 10-25 MHz

12/2001 Elektor Electronics 25