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Ecology
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Ecology Test-1
Part -1
Ecology Test-1
1. Which of the following statements is/are true Select the correct answer using the codes
about Ecotone? given below:
1. It is a zone of junction of two or more (a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 1
diverse ecosystems. (c) 2 and 3 (d) All
2. Both mangrove forests and grasslands are
4. Which of the following statements related to
the examples of Ecotone.
the Bird Life International is/are correct?
3. Edge effect occurs when the territorial
1. It is a platform for all the stakeholders
size of ecotone is much larger than the
engaged in genetic resource conservation
adjacent ones.
and management of birds in developing
Select the correct answer using the codes nations.
given below: 2. Bird Life International is the official Red
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2 List authority for birds, for the
(c) Only 3 (d) All International Union for Conservation of
Nature.
2. Which of the following statements is/are true
3. It publishes the scientific journal Bird
about Ecological Niche ?
Conservation International.
1. A niche is a unique functional role or
place of a species in an ecosystem. Codes:
2. Higher the number of niche in an (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
ecosystem, more stable is the ecosystem. (c) 1 and 3 (d) All
3. Some species tend to have exact identical 5. Which of the following statements is/are true
ecological niche in an ecosystem to about Forest Ecosystem?
maintain stability and continuity.
1. The productivity and community
Codes: stability of a Coniferous forest is lower
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 1 than any of the types of forest.
(c) Only 3 (d) All 2. Tropical Evergreen Forests are the only
forest where trees don't shed their leaves
3. Which of the following terms associated with in accordance with the seasonal changes.
the Ecosystem is/are correctly matched?
3. Rosewood and Sandalwood are found in
1. Net primary productivity of an Tropical Deciduous forest.
ecosystem is the rate of production of
organic matter during photosynthesis. Codes:
2. Catabolism is when Bacterial and fungal (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
enzymes degrade detritus into simpler (c) 2 and 3 (d) All
inorganic substances.
6. Which of the following current events related
3. Secondary productivity is defined as the to the renewable energy is/are correctly
rate of formation of new organic matter matched?
by consumers.
1. India's first LNG-powered bus rolled out 10. Which of the following statements is/are true
in Kerala. about trophic levels in an ecosystem?
2. India's first BIO-CNG plant producing 1. The energy always flow from higher to
CNG from agricultural residue was lower trophic levels.
inaugurated in Punjab. 2. In an ecosystem there is always a high
3. India's first Second Generation (2G) chance of having larger number of
Ethanol Bio-refinery is being proposed at trophic levels for better movement of
Pune. nutrients.
Select the correct answer using the codes 3. Food webs are more stable than a food
given below: chain in an ecosystem.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 Codes:
(c) 1 and 3 (d) Only 1 (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
7. The world's largest Marine Protected Area (c) Only 3 (d) All
(MPA) has been declared at Ross Sea by 11. Which of the following is/are the example of
which of the following organization? parasitic food chain?
(a) United Nations Environment 1. Dead organic matter - Detritivores -
Programme. Predators.
(b) Scientific Committee on Antarctic 2. Trees - Fruit eating birds - Lice and bugs -
Research. Bacteria and fungi.
(c) Commission for the Conservation of 3. Zebra - Nematode - Filamentous bacteria.
Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
Codes:
(d) International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) None (d) All
8. In Grasslands there is combination of drought
and fires that prevents biome from becoming 12. Which of the following depict the Behavioral
more forest like. Why the grasses are able to adaptations done by plants and animals?
withstand the fire? 1. Being primarily active at night rather
(a) Because they have fire resistant resin than during daylight hours.
present in them. 2. Having striped fur for camouflage.
(b) Because they have evolved to have large 3. Living underground to get protection
deep root systems. from roaming predator.
(c) Because they have certain weeds attached 4. Prevention of water loss from body
that prevent them from burning. (plants and animals) by reducing surface
(d) None of the above. area.
9. Which of the following is/are the examples of Codes:
ecotone regions? (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
1. The border between a forest and a (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) All
grassland.
13. Which of the following statements is/are
2. Area between a soft-bottom and a hard-
correct related to the Amensalism?
bottom marine substrate.
(a) It is used to describe a relationship where
3. The bank of a stream running through a
two species interact with each other
meadow.
beneficially, but their relations are not
4. The estuary lying between river and sea. obligatory.
Codes: (b) It is used to describe strongly
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 asymmetrical competitive interactions,
which inflicts harm to another organism.
(c) 1 and 4 (d) All
(c) It is used to describe a relationship where 3. In Tropical regions Plants have shallow
one species is harmed and the other roots to help capture nutrients from the
benefits. top level of soil which is rich in humus.
(d) It is used to describe a relationship where Codes:
the growth and survival of both
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
populations is benefited.
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
14. Raijiv Gandhi Environment Award is given
for outstanding contributions in which of the 17. Which of the following statements is/are true
following field? about the predators in an ecosystem?
(a) It is given to encourage public 1. They help in transferring the energy fixed
participation in environment. by the lower trophic to higher trophic.
(b) It is given to industrial units that make a 2. They help in checking the growth of prey
significant contribution towards clean population.
technology. 3. They help in preventing the extinction of
(c) It is given to honor grassroots species due to increment in inter-specific
environmental heroes for their competition.
contribution in environmental Codes:
development.
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(d) It is given to scholars for writing Hindi
(c) Only 3 (d) All
books on environment to increase
awareness. 18. What were the objectives of setting up of
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve?
15. Consider the following statements about the
Sloth Bear: 1. To conserve in-situ genetic diversity of
species.
1. It is a nocturnal (hunting at night) bear
species that feeds chiefly on insects. 2. To restore degraded ecosystems to their
natural conditions.
2. It is listed in Schedule I of Indian Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972. 3. To provide baseline data for ecological
and environmental research and
3. The forest department gives
education.
compensation for bear attacks if there is a
death or injury. 4. To function as an alternate model for
sustainable development.
4. Rajasthan government has launched the
Sloth Bear Habitat project to provide Select the correct answer from the below
better habitat by restoring the ecology of given codes:
Jessore Wildlife Sanctuary. (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 19. Which of the following statements is/are true
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4 about Aquatic Ecosystem?
16. Which of the following statements is/are true 1. Estuaries and mangrove swamps come
about the adaptation made in living under the category of freshwater
organisms? ecosystems.
1. Mammals from colder regions generally 2. Planktons are the microscopic plants
have shorter ears and limbs to minimise which are controlled by the currents in
heat loss. the aquatic body.
2. In higher altitudes the human body 3. The growth of green algae on water
produces a large number of RBCs in bodies are the indication of
order to deal with low oxygen eutrophication.
availability. Codes:
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 Award. Consider the following statements
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All regarding this award:
1. It is given by UNESCO.
20. Which of the following statements is/are true
about Ecological Pyramids? 2. It is given for conservation of natural
World Heritage Sites in challenging
1. In Pyramid of Biomass is determined by
situations.
measuring dry weight of the organisms.
2. Inverted Pyramid of Biomass happens Which of the above statements is/are correct?
when the smaller weight of producers (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
support consumers of larger weight. (c) Both (d) None
3. Ecological pyramids have no place for
24. Which of the following definitions related to
detrivoves and decomposers though they
the different kinds of species is/are correct?
play a vital role in ecosystem.
1. Foundation species play a major role in
Codes: creating or maintaining a habitat that
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 supports other species.
(c) Only 3 (d) All 2. Cosmopolitan species are that whose
range extends across all or most of the
21. Which of the following statements is/are true
world in appropriate habitats.
about Mangroves?
3. Indicator species are popular, charismatic
1. These are generally found in tropical and
species that serve as symbols and rallying
sub-tropical sheltered coastlines.
points to stimulate conservation
2. These tress have high resistance to awareness and action.
salinity stress and water logging.
Codes:
3. Mangroves helps in increasing the
fertility of the coastal soil by blocking (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
salinity ingress. (c) Only 1 (d) All
Codes: 25. Which of the following statements is/are true
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 about wetlands?
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All 1. These include marshy areas, flood plains
and littorals.
22. Which of the following is/are the examples of
2. These are useful for filtration of
competition among species?
sediments and nutrients from surface
1. Algae and Lichens in Tundra region. water.
2. Cheetah and Lions in Savannah forest. 3. In India, the area under paddy
3. Ticks over the body of cattle. cultivation constitute the majority of
wetland area.
Codes:
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 Codes:
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 (d) All
23. Bibhuti Lahkar has become the first Asian to
be awarded the prestigious Heritage Heroes
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Ecology Test-1 Answers
Part -1
Exp: Primary production is defined as the amount Exp: Coniferous Forest: Soils are poor and
of biomass or organic matter produced per temperature is not high enough. So
unit area over a time period by plants during productivity and community stability are
photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of lower in general. These forests also are
weight (g -2) or energy (kcal m-2). The rate of evergreen in nature and don't shed their
biomass production is called productivity. leaves in accordance with the seasonal
changes.
Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem Tropical Evergreen: Rosewood, Mahogany,
is the rate of production of organic matter Ebony, etc.
during photosynthesis. Gross primary Tropical Deciduous: Sandalwood, Sal, Teak,
productivity minus respiration losses (R), is etc.
the net primary productivity (NPP).
Ans. 6. (d)
Secondary productivity is defined as the rate
of formation of new organic matter by Exp: India's first BIO-CNG plant producing CNG
consumers. from agricultural residue was inaugurated in
Pune. India's first Second Generation (2G)
Ans. 4. (b) Ethanol Bio-refinery is being proposed at
Exp: It is a global partnership of conservation Bhatinda.
organizations that strives to conserve birds, Ans. 7. (c)
their habitats and global biodiversity,
working with people towards sustainability Exp: The new marine protected area in the Ross
in the use of natural resources. Sea was created by a unanimous decision of
the international body that oversees the
waters around Antarctica-the Commission for
the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living as hardly any energy is left to support the
Resources. number of organism.
South of New Zealand and deep in the Ans. 11. (b)
Southern (or Antarctic) Ocean, the 1.9 million
Exp: In this type of food chain either the producer
square-mile Ross Sea is sometimes called the
or the consumer is parasitized and therefore
"Last Ocean" because it is largely untouched
the food passes to the smaller organism. The
by humans. Its nutrient-rich waters are the
energy transfer through this kind of food
most productive in the Antarctic, leading to
chain is not significant.
huge plankton and krill blooms that support
Example: Trees Fruit eating birds Lice
vast numbers of fish, seals, penguins, and
whales. and bugs Bacteria and fungi.
Zebra - Nematode - Filamentous bacteri.
Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected Radiant energy of the sun Green Plants
areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or large lakes. Sheep Liver fluke.
MPAs restrict human activity for a
conservation purpose, typically to protect Ans. 12. (a)
natural or cultural resources. Such marine Exp: Prevention of water loss from body (plants
resources are protected by local, state, and animals) by reducing surface area is a
territorial, native, regional, national, or form of physical adaptation.
international authorities and differ
substantially among and between nations. An adaptation is "the appearance or
behaviour or structure or mode of life of an
Ans. 8. (b) organism that allows it to survive in a
Exp: The combination of drought and fires is what particular environment".
prevents this particular biome from becoming Some adaptations are structural. Structural
more forest like. Yet the fires won't destroy adaptations are physical features of an
the grass as they grow from the bottom of the organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a
stems. Therefore they can continue to grow bear. Other adaptations are behavioral.
even if the tops of them have been singed by Behavioral adaptations are the things
the fire. Native grasses have deeper root organisms do to survive such as migration,
systems that can survive fires, but invasive hibernation, camouflage, etc.
plants tend to have shallower roots and
succumb to fires. Ans. 13. (b)
Ecology Test-2
1. Which of the following statements is/are true 3. In Ecosystem the energy, nutrients and
about Ecological Succession? wastes cycle among the various biotic
and abiotic components.
1. It is the process of change in the species
structure of an ecological community Codes:
over time. (a) Only 1
2. In this climax community is succeeded by (b) 2 and 3
the pioneer community.
(c) Only 3
3. It is characterized by increased niche
(d) 1 and 3
development and complexity of food
webs. 4. Which of the following pairs is/are corrct?
Codes: 1. Olive Ridley Turtle : It is found mostly in
Gahirmatha, Andhra Pradesh.
(a) 1 and 2
2. Gangetic River dolphin : It is declared as
(b) Only 2
city animal of Guwahati.
(c) Only 3
3. White Tiger : Safari is opened at
(d) 1 and 3 Madhya Pradesh.
2. Which of the following are herbivores marine Codes:
mammals?
(a) 1 and 2
1. Sea cows
(b) 2 and 3
2. Sea lion
(c) Only 3
3. Seals
(d) All
4. Manatees
5. Which of the following statements is/are true
5. Dugongs
about Grasslands?
Codes: 1. These are formed over the regions of high
(a) 1, 2 and 4 temperature and high rainfall.
(b) 1, 4 and 5 2. Regular fires promote the growth of
(c) 3, 4 and 5 native grasses but limit the growth of
trees.
(d) 2, 3, 4 and 5
3. Grasslands are important for maintaining
3. Which of the following statements is/are true the richness and size of livestock
about Ecosystem? population.
1. It is defined as the community of living 4. The grasses found here can either be tall
organisms in association with the non- or short depending on the location of the
living components and their physical grassland and the amount of rain they
interaction. receive.
2. Ecosystem is generally larger in size than
Codes:
the biosphere.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 Select the answer using the code given below.
(b) 2, 3 and 4 (a) Only 1
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(d) All (c) All
6. Which of the following statements is/are true (d) None
about Coral Reefs? 10. Consider the following statements regarding
1. The basis of coral formation lies in the Seaweeds:
symbiotic relationship between corals 1. The Seaweeds are macrophytic algae
and zooxanthelle microscopic bacteria. having well developed roots and stems.
2. Majority of corals are found in temperate 2. Seaweeds grow in the shallow waters.
and sub-polar regions.
3. Seaweeds provide valuable source of raw
3. Coral Reefs act as the barrier against the materials for industries like fertliser and
worst ravages of storms, hurricanes, and textile.
typhoons.
4. Seaweeds are rich in minerals and
Codes: vitamins.
(a) Only 1 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(b) 2 and 3 (a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(d) All (c) 3 and 4
7. Which of the following correctly explain the (d) All
term 'sere(s)'?
11. With reference to 'Eco-Sensitive Zone', which
(a) The natural habitat of a mammal. of the following statements is/are correct?
(b) The sequence of changing community. 1. It act as a buffer for further protection
(c) The functional role of a species. around Protected Areas (PAs) such as
(d) The place of a species in a food chain. National Parks and Wildlife sanctuaries.
2. It is notified under Environment
8. Which of the following is/are true regarding
(Protection) Act, 1986.
Radon?
3. The purpose of the declaration of eco-
1. It is the primary source of indoor air
sensitive zones is to prohibit all kinds of
pollution.
human activities, in those zones except
2. It results from the radioactive decay of agriculture.
radium in the soil.
Select the correct answer using the code given
3. It enters the lungs and decays, producing
below.
alpha and Beta radiations that damages
DNA. (a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
Codes:
(c) 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 3
(d) All
(b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 12. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly
matched?
(d) All
1. Bejjur Forest Reserve :
9. Which among the following critically Telangana
endangered species belong to Jammu &
2. Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary : Nagaland
Kashmir?
3. Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary : Sikkim
1. Red stag
2. Markhor Codes:
3. Chiru (a) Only 1
(b) 2 and 3 (d) All
(c) 1 and 3 16. Which of the following represents, "the effect
(d) All of human activities on the climate in terms of
the total amount of greenhouse gases
13. Which of the following statements is/are true
produced"?
regarding Ozone?
(a) Carbon Footprint
1. In Stratosphere, it shields the earth from
the harmful ultra violet rays of the sun. (b) Carrying Capacity
2. It is one of the primary components of (c) Biotic Consumption
the photochemical smog. (d) None of the above
3. It lowers human being’s resistance to 17. Which of the following statements is/are true
cold and pneumonia. about secondary succession?
Codes: 1. It gets developed after an existing
(a) 1 and 3 community gets destroyed completely.
(b) 1 and 2 2. Pace of secondary succession is much
faster than that of primary succession.
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All Codes:
(a) Only 1
14. Which of the following statements is/are true
about different types of food chains? (b) Only 2
1. In grazing food chain the green plants (c) Both
form the base with herbivores as the (d) None
primary consumers.
18. Which among the following can be
2. Litter being consumed by the earthworm considered as example of loss of ecological
forms the part of detritus food chain. footprint?
3. Grazing and detritus food chain are 1. Loss of livelihood of fishermen.
entirely separate from each other having
2. Damage to fish, turtles, crabs among
no link.
other marine animals.
Codes: 3. Consumers' reluctance to buy sea food.
(a) 1 and 2 4. Environmental damage to coastal areas.
(b) 2 and 3
Codes:
(c) Only 3
(a) 1, 2 and 4
(d) All
(b) 1 and 3
15. Which of the following statements is/are true (c) 2 and 4
about Hibernation?
(d) All
1. Hibernation is a state of inactivity and
metabolic depression in endotherms. 19. Which of the following statements define the
natural and cultural significance of
2. Electrical activity in the brain almost
Khangchendzonga National Park?
completely ceases during hibernation,
just response to external stimuli occurs. 1. It is home to a sacred site of Tibetan
Buddhism.
3. The main purpose is to conserve energy
during a period when sufficient food is 2. Presence of indigenous religious and
unavailable. cultural practices of the Lepcha for
environmental conservation.
Codes:
3. It lies within the Himalaya global
(a) 1 and 3 biodiversity hotspot and is home to a
(b) 2 and 3 significant number of endemic, rare and
(c) Only 3 threatened plant and animal species.
Codes: (d) All
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 23. Which of the following statements is/are true
(c) All (d) None about Biogeochemical Cycles?
20. Which of the following statements is/are true 1. These cycles represent the energy and
regarding ‘Dissolved Oxygen’? materials in circulation in an ecosystem.
1. Higher the amounts of waste in water 2. In gaseous cycle the reservoir is the
lower will be the BOD. atmosphere and in sedimentary cycle the
reservoir is the earth's crust.
2. BOD is limited to biodegradable
materials only whereas COD is limited to 3. In Carbon cycle, the CO2 is released after
non-biodegradable materials only. the biodegradation of dead organic
3. COD is slightly better mode used to matter.
measure pollution load in water than Codes:
BOD.
(a) 1 and 2
Codes: (b) 2 and 3
(a) Only 1 (c) Only 3
(b) 1 and 3 (d) All
(c) Only 3
24. Which of the following statements is/are true
(d) All about Ozone?
21. Which of the following statements is/are true 1. Ozone is always beneficial for human
about Taiga forest ecosystem? beings on earth.
1. It is characterized by coniferous forest 2. Refrigeration process leads to
having spruce and pines. destruction of ozone molecules.
2. It is the world's largest biome apart from 3. Halogen compounds are responsible for
the oceans. ozone depletion.
3. Its soil is old in age and thus rich in Codes:
nutrients.
(a) Only 1
Codes: (b) 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 2 (c) Only 3
(b) 2 and 3 (d) All
(c) Only 3
25. Consider the following statements regarding
(d) All Coal Gasification:
22. Which of the following categories of 1. Coal gasification produces syngas.
Ecosystem Services is/are correctly matched? 2. Coal gasification can be used for making
1. Provisioning Services : Proving food, raw ammonia and methanol.
material & water. 3. Coal gasification produces less carbon
2. Supporting Services : Carbon Se- dioxide than traditional coal plants.
questration.
Which of the above statements are true?
3. Cultural Services : Recreational activities.
(a) 1 and 2
Codes: (b) 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 3 (c) 1 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Only 3
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Ecology Test-1 Answers
Part -2
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