COURSE INFORMATION SHEET- REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning SEMESTER: IV/I CREDITS: 4

COURSE CODE: REGULATION: R10 COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: THERMAL CONTACT HOURS: 5+1 (Tutorial) hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): LAB COURSE NAME:

SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
Introduction to Refrigeration : Necessity and applications – Unit of refrigeration and C.O.P. –
I Mechanical Refrigeration – Types of Ideal cycles of refrigeration. Air Refrigeration: Bell Coleman cycle 11
and Brayton Cycle, Open and Dense air systems – Actual air refrigeration system problems –
Refrigeration needs of Air crafts.
Vapour compression refrigeration – working principle and essential components of the plant – simple
II Vapour compression refrigeration cycle – COP – Representation of cycle on T-S and p-h charts – effect 07
of sub cooling and super heating – cycle analysis – Actual cycle Influence of various parameters on
system performance – Use of p-h charts – numerical Problems.
System Components : Compressors – General classification – comparison – Advantages and
III Disadvantages. Condensers – classification – Working Principles Evaporators – classification – Working 09
Principles Expansion devices – Types – Working Principles Refrigerants – Desirable properties –
classification refrigerants used – Nomenclature – zone Depletion – Global Warming .
Vapor Absorption System – Calculation of max COP – description and working of NH3 – water system
IV and Li Br –water ( Two shell & Four shell) System. Principle of operation Three Fluid absorption system, 06
salient features.
V Steam Jet Refrigeration System – Working Principle and Basic Components. 06
Principle and operation of (i) Thermoelectric refrigerator (ii) Vortex tube or Hilsch tube.
Introduction to Air Conditioning : Psychometric Properties & Processes – Characterization of Sensible
VI and latent heat loads –– Need for Ventilation, Consideration of Infiltration – Load concepts of RSHF, 06
GSHF- Problems, Concept of ESHF and ADP.
VII Requirements of human comfort and concept of effective temperature- Comfort chart –Comfort Air 08
conditioning – Requirements of Industrial air conditioning , Air conditioning Load Calculations.
Air Conditioning systems - Classification of equipment, cooling, heating humidification and
VIII dehumidification, filters, grills and registers, fans and blowers. Heat Pump – Heat sources – different heat 07
pump circuits.
TOTAL HOURS 60
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / CP Arora / TMH.
T2 A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning / SC Arora & Domkundwar / Dhanpatrai
R1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning – R.S. Khurmi & J.K Gupta – S.Chand – Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd.

TEXT BOOKS
SNO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLISHER
T1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. CP Arora TMH
T2 A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning SC Arora &Domkundwar Dhanpatrai

REFERENCE BOOKS
SNO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLISHER
R1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Manohar Prasad New Age
R2 Principles of Refrigeration Dossat PearsonEducation
R3 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning P.L.Bellaney LAKSHMI
R4 Basic Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Ananthanarayanan TMH
 Other BOOKS/Material
SNO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLISHER
O1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning R.S. Khurmi& J.K Gupta S.Chand
O2 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning STOECKER & JONES McGrawHill
O3 REFRIGRATION & AIRCONDITIONING Prof M.RAM GOPAL MHRD-GOVT OF INDIA-
NPTEL lecture notes & Video lectures NPTEL-IITKHARAGPUR

UNIT – I AIR REFRIGERATION

NAME OF THE TOPIC

Necessity and applications Unit of refrigeration and C.O.P - Mechanical Refrigeration Types of Ideal
cycles of refrigeration Air Refrigeration: Bell Coleman cycle and Brayton Cycle, Open and Dense air
systems Actual air refrigeration system problems Refrigeration needs of Aircrafts Numerical Problems

UNIT – II VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

NAME OF THE TOPIC

working principle and essential components of the plant Simple Vapour compression refrigeration cycle – COP –
Representation of cycle on T-S and p-h charts Effect of sub cooling and super heating – cycle analysis
Actual cycle Influence of various parameters on system performance Use of p-h charts – Numerical Problems.
UNIT – III System Components & Refrigerants

NAME OF THE TOPIC

Compressors – General classification – comparison – Advantages andDisadvantages Condensers – classification
Working Principles Evaporators – classification – Working Principles Expansion devices – Types – Working
Principles Refrigerants: Desirable properties – classification refrigerants used – Nomenclature Ozone Depletion–
Global Warming
UNIT – IV VAPOR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

NAME OF THE TOPIC

Vapor Absorption System – description and working of NH3 Practical VAR System water system and Li Br –water (
Two shell & Four shell) System Principle of operation Three Fluid absorption system, salient features Calculation of
max COP- Numerical Problems.

UNIT – V STEAM JET REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

NAME OF THE TOPIC

Steam Jet Refrigeration System – Working Principle and Basic Components Principle and operation of (i)
Thermoelectric refrigerator (ii) Vortex tube or Hilsch tube Numerical Problems

UNIT – VI AIR CONDITIONING- PSYCHROMETRY

NAME OF THE TOPIC

Psychrometric Properties & Processes Characterization ofSensible and latent heat loads Need for Ventilation,
Consideration of Infiltration Load concepts of RSHF, GSHF- Problems Concept of ESHF and ADP Numerical
Problems

UNIT-VIICOMFORT AIR CONDITIONING

 NAME OF THE TOPIC
Requirements of human comfort concept of effective temperature- Comfort chart Comfort Air conditioning
Requirements of Industrial air conditioning Air conditioning Load Calculations Numerical Problems

UNIT-VIII AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS & HEAT PUMP

NAME OF THE TOPIC

Air Conditioning systems Classification of equipment, cooling, heating humidification and dehumidification, filters,
grills and registers, fans and blowers Heat Pump – Heat sources – different heat pump circuits
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
Introduction to Refrigeration: Necessity and applications – Unit of refrigeration and
I C.O.P. – Mechanical Refrigeration – Types of Ideal cycles of refrigeration. Air 11
Refrigeration: Bell Coleman cycle and Brayton Cycle, Open and Dense air systems –
Actual air refrigeration system problems – Refrigeration needs of Air crafts.
Vapour compression refrigeration – working principle and essential components of the
plant – simple Vapour compression refrigeration cycle – COP – Representation of cycle
II on T-S and p-h charts – effect of sub cooling and super heating – cycle analysis – Actual 07
cycle Influence of various parameters on system performance – Use of p-h charts –
numerical Problems.
System Components : Compressors – General classification – comparison – Advantages
and Disadvantages. Condensers – classification – Working Principles Evaporators –
III classification – Working Principles Expansion devices – Types – Working Principles 09
Refrigerants – Desirable properties – classification refrigerants used – Nomenclature –
zone Depletion – Global Warming .
Vapor Absorption System – Calculation of max COP – description and working of NH3
IV – water system and Li Br –water ( Two shell & Four shell) System. Principle of operation 06
Three Fluid absorption system, salient features.
V Steam Jet Refrigeration System – Working Principle and Basic Components. 06
Principle and operation of (i) Thermoelectric refrigerator (ii) Vortex tube or Hilsch tube.
Introduction to Air Conditioning : Psychometric Properties & Processes –
VI Characterization of Sensible and latent heat loads –– Need for Ventilation, Consideration 06
of Infiltration – Load concepts of RSHF, GSHF- Problems, Concept of ESHF and ADP.
Requirements of human comfort and concept of effective temperature- Comfort chart –
VII Comfort Air conditioning – Requirements of Industrial air conditioning , Air conditioning 08
Load Calculations.
Air Conditioning systems - Classification of equipment, cooling, heating humidification
VIII and dehumidification, filters, grills and registers, fans and blowers. Heat Pump – Heat 07
sources – different heat pump circuits.
TOTAL HOURS 60

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / CP Arora / TMH.
T2 A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning / SC Arora & Domkundwar / Dhanpatrai Publications
R1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning – R.S. Khurmi & J.K Gupta – S.Chand Publications

1. Students are able to analyze various air refrigerating cycles, Vapour compression refrigerating
cycles and evaluate their performance [K4]
 2. Students are able to Identify Refrigerants and refrigeration system components[K3]
3. Students are able to explain the working of Vapor absorption system, Steam jet refrigeration
system and other nonconventional refrigeration systems [K2]
4. Students are able to Illustrate psychometric properties & processes for designing of an air
conditioning system for human comfort and industrial applications and also differentiate
various air conditioning systems and components. [K2]

Necessity and applications –Mechanical refrigeration Unit of refrigeration and C.O.P Types of ideal cycles of
refrigeration. Air refrigeration: Bell Coleman cycle - open and dense air systems Refrigeration systems used in air
crafts problems

Working principle and essential components of the plant Simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle – COP –
representation of cycle on T-S and p-h charts Effect of sub cooling and super heating – cycle analysis Actual cycle
influence of various parameters on system performance Use of p-h charts
Numerical problems Classification of refrigerants- Desirable properties Nomenclature-Commonly used refrigerants-
Alternate refrigerants.
Compressors – Classification –Comparison – Advantages and Disadvantages Condensers – classification –
working principles Evaporators – classification – working principles Expansion devices – types – working principles

VAPOR ABSORPTION SYSTEM description and working of NH3 – water system Li Br –water ( Two shell & Four shell)
System principle of operation three fluid absorption system salient features Calculation of maximum COP STEAM
JET REFRIGERATION SYSTEM: Working Principle and basic Components Principle and operation of (i) Thermoelectric
refrigerator (ii) vortex tube.

Psychometric properties & processes characterization of sensible and latent heat loads – need forventilation,
consideration of infiltration load concepts of RSHF, GSHF problems, concept of ESHF and ADP temperature.
Requirements of human comfort and concept of effective temperature Comfort chart –comfort air conditioning.
Requirements of industrial air conditioning, Air conditioning load calculations.
Classification of equipment, cooling, heating humidification and dehumidification. filters, grills and registers,
fansand blowers heat pump – heat sources different heat pump circuits

Books recommended for reading:

TEXT BOOKS:
1. A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning / SC Arora&Domkundwar / Dhanpatrai.
2. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / CP Arora / TMH.
3. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning/ R.S.Khurmi&J.K.Gupta/ S.Chand
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / Manohar Prasad / New Age.
2. Principles of Refrigeration - Dossat / Pearson Education.
3. Basic Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning – Ananthanarayanan / TMH
 III B.TECH -II SEMESTER
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
Course code: ME6T4 Credits: 3
Lecture: 3 periods/week Internal assessment: 30 marks
Tutorial: 1 period/week Semester end examination: 70 marks
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of the course are:
To make the students understand the concepts of various refrigeration systems
To estimate the loads for different applications of air conditioning.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this course the student will be able to:
1. Calculate the COP of air refrigeration systems
2. Describe various components used in vapour-Compression refrigeration system and
Estimate the performance
3. Discuss the working principles of vapour absorption, steam jet, thermoelectric and
vortex tube refrigeration systems
4. Recognize the properties of air, summarize the various Psychometric processes and
acquire the knowledge of load estimation.
5. Evaluate cooling and heating loads in an air conditioning and describe the various
components of air conditioning system
Pre-Requisite Basic thermodynamics
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO REFRIGERATION:
Necessity of refrigeration and air conditioning, applications, unit of refrigeration
Refrigeration: Carnot cycle, Bell Coleman cycle and Brayton Cycle, Open and Dense air
systems, Actual air refrigeration system –numerical problems. Refrigeration needs of air
craft’s, methods of air refrigeration systems
UNIT II
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM:
Cycles and performance Simple Vapour compression refrigeration cycle -working principle,
essential components, COP, representation of cycle on T–S and p-h charts, effect of sub
cooling and super heating– cycle analysis. Actual cycle, Influence of various parameters on
system performance - numerical Problems
Components
Compressors – classification –single stage reciprocating compressors- Working Principle,
work done with and without clearance volume, capacity control. Condensers –classification–
Working of evaporative condensers Evaporators– classification–Working of flooded and dry
expansion evaporators Expansion devices–Types–capillary tube, automatic expansion valve,
thermostatic expansion valve. Refrigerants: Desirable properties–classification refrigerants
UNIT III
Performance of vapor absorption refrigeration system:
Calculation of max COP, description and working of NH3–water system and Li Br– water
(Two shell & Four shell) System. Principle of operation of three fluid absorption system,
salient features.
Steam jet refrigeration system: Working Principle and Basic Components
 Nonconventional refrigeration methods:
Principle and operation f(i) Thermoelectric refrigerator (ii) Vortex tube or Hilsch tube.
UNIT IV
INTRODUCTION TO AIR CONDITIONING: Psychometric Properties & Processes–
Characterization of Sensible and latent heat loads––Need for Ventilation, Consideration of
Infiltration, Load concepts of RSHF, GSHF, ESHF and ADP.
UNIT V
Human comfort and load calculations
Requirements of human comfort and concept of effective temperature-Comfort chart– Com
fort Air conditioning –Requirements of Industrial air conditioning, Air conditioning Load
Calculations.
Air Conditioning Systems
Classification of equipment, cooling, heating humidification and dehumidification, filters,
grills and registers fans and blowers. Heat Pump –Heat sources– different heat pump
circuits.
Learning Resources
Text Books:
1. A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning / SC Arora & Domkundwar / Dhanpatrai
2. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / CP Arora / TMH.
Reference Books:
1. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by R K Rajput, S K kataria & sons , 2010
2. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / Manohar Prasad / New Age.
3. Principles of Refrigeration, by Dossat ,Prentice Hall,1997
4. Refrigeration and air conditioning, by Stoecker , Mc Graw hill Edu.,2004
5. Basic refrigeration and air conditioning/PN Ananthanarayanan/Mc Graw hill education
Data Books
1. Refrigeration and Air conditioning Data book, CP Kothandaraman /New age publishers
2. Refrigeration and Air conditioning Data book-Domakundwar & Domakundwar /
Dhanpathi rai & CO

GATE MECHANICAL:
Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air,
psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes

CO1 Understand and analyze air refrigeration system and systems used in aircrafts. (a,c,e)
CO2 Analyze simple VCR cycle and factors affecting the performance of the cycle and understand
 the operation of various devices of VCR system. (a,c,e)
CO3 Select the most appropriate refrigerant for a given cooling application and understand the
impact of refrigerants on the environment. (h,i,j)
CO4 Understand the vapor absorption and other non conventional refrigeration systems and their
application as alternatives to VCR systems. (a,c,h)
CO5 Understand thermodynamics of air –vapor mixtures and analyze A/C process & systems and
heat pump circuits to design real world heating & cooling needs. (a,c,e,h,j)

UNIT – I
Introduction to refrigeration:Applications, methods of refrigeration, unit of refrigeration, C.O.P,
Refrigerants-classification, nomenclature, desirable properties commonly used refrigerants and
alternative refrigerants.
Air Refrigeration:Bell Coleman cycle, Open and Dense air systems, Actualrefrigeration cycle,
advantages of air refrigeration, refrigerationneeds of aircrafts, types of aircraftrefrigerationsystems,
problems.
UNIT – II
Vapor compression refrigeration: simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle, T-S, P-h diagrams,
Effect of super heating, subcooling, evaporative and condenser pressures, pressure losses, problems.
VCR System components:Compressors- types, comparison, Condensers - classification, working,
Evaporators – Flooded and dry expansion types, Expansion devices –AEV, TEV and capillary tube.
UNIT – III
Vapor absorption system: COP of absorption system, max COP, working of NH3 - water system,
H2O -Li Br system, three fluid absorption system, comparison
between VCR and VAR systems.
Steam jet refrigeration system: Principle of working, application, merits and demerits.
Non-conventional refrigeration methods: Principle and operation of thermoelectric refrigeration,
Vortex tube and adiabatic demagnetization.
UNIT – IV
Air conditioning: Psychrometry- Psychrometric properties and processes, Psychrometric
chart,Summer, winter and year round A/C systems, human comfort and effective temperature.
Cooling Loads: Sensible and latent heat loads, RSHF, GSHF, ESHF & ADP, air conditioning load
calculations, Types of heating, heat pump, different heat pump circuits, application.
 Text books:
1. A course in refrigeration and air conditioning - S. C. Arora, Domkundwar, 2014
2. Refrigeration and air conditioning - C. P. Arora. Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 7th Print, 2006

Reference books:
1.Principles of Refrigeration - Dossat., 4th Reprint 1997,Pearson Education Ltd.
2.Refrigeration and air conditioning - Stoecker and Jones 1983, McGraw Hill
Data Books:
1.Refrigeration and Air conditioning Data book by Domkundwar&Domkundwar ,
Dhanapat Rai & Co.
2.Refrigerant & Psychrometric Tables & charts., SS Banwait and SC Laroiya, Birla
publication pvt ltd.
Web Resources:
1. http://www.refrigerationbasics.com/index.htm
2. http://www.howstuffworks.com/ac.htm
3. http://www.ashrae.org
4. http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/AIRCOND.HTM
5. http://www.wisegeek.com/how-does-air-conditioning-work.htm

NOC: Refrigeration and air conditioning - Video course

COURSE OUTLINE
This Course provides a simple understanding of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
fundamentals. Ideally suited to those with a little or no knowledge of the subject. The
course consists of different refrigeration cycles and understanding of psychrometry and
psychrometric processes used for the purpose of air-conditioning. Further, the comfort
airconditioning and indoor environment health are also addressed in this course.

1. Recapitulation of Thermodynamics, Introduction to Refrigeration, Air Refrigeration

Cycle, Aircraft Refrigeration Cycles.
2 Aircraft Refrigeration Cycles, Vapour Compression Cycle, P-h Charts, Actual Vapour
Compression Cycle.
3.Actual Vapour Compression Cycle, Compound Compression with Intercooling, Multiple
Evaporator and Cascade System, Problem Solving.
4. Refrigerants, Vpour Absorption Systems.
5. Introduction to Air-conditioning, Properties of Moist Air, Psychrometric Chart,
Psychrometric Processes.
6. Psychrometric Processes, Infiltration Design Conditions, Cooling Load.
7 Cooling Load, Air Distribution System, Problem Solving, Air-Conditioning Systems.
8 Human Physiology, Thermal Comfort, Indoor Environmental Health, Problem Solving.
References:
Refrigeration & Air-conditioning, CP Arora, TMG
Refrigeration & Air-conditioning, Manohar Prasad, NAI
Refrigeration & Air-conditioning, Stoecker & Jons, MGH
Principles of Refrigeration, RC Dosset, LPE
ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals), ASHRAE
 VIT

1. To enable the students to understand the principles of refrigeration and air conditioning
2. To teach the students how to calculate the cooling load for different applications of Refrigeration and
Air-conditioning
3. To expose the students to cyclic controls and system balancing
4. To teach students the principles of psychrometry
5. To develop the knowledge of students in selecting the right equipment for a particular application of
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
Expected Outcome:
Student will be able to
1. Possess the knowledge of system components of refrigeration and air conditioning
2. Design and implement refrigeration and air conditioning systems using standards
3. Apply the knowledge of psychrometry in calculating cooling load and heating load calculations
UNIT-1: Refrigeration Cycles and Refrigerants
Vapour compression refrigeration cycles-Air refrigeration cycles-Simple saturated vapour
compression refrigeration cycle-P-H charts - Multi stage compression –Multi evaporator system-cascade
system-Vapour absorption systems.
UNIT2: System Components
Refrigeration classification –Designation-Alternate refrigerants –Global warming and
Ozone depleting aspects. Refrigerant compressors Reciprocating –Rotary - Condensers - Evaporators -
Expansion devices - Cooling towers.
UNIT 3: Cycling Controls and System Balancing
Pressure temperature control range and different settings - Selection and balancing of
system components - Graphical method.
UNIT 4 Psychrometry
Moist air properties - Psychrometric chart - Different Psychrometric process analysis.
UNIT 5 Air Conditioning
Air conditioning systems – classification - Cooling load calculations - different types of
loads - GRSHF - ERSHF - Estimation Of total load - Air distribution patterns - Dynamic
and frictional losses in air ducts - Equal friction method - Fan characteristics of duct
system.

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

1. Refrigeration Cycle Analysis – Development of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle from
Reverse Carnot Cycle – conditions for high COP – deviations from ideal vapor compression cycle
– Multi-pressure Systems - Cascade Systems – Analysis.
 2. System Components – Compressor - Types – performance – Characteristics of Reciprocating
Compressors – Capacity Control – Types of Evaporators & Condensers and their functional aspects
– Expansion Devices and their behavior with fluctuating load.
3. Refrigerants – Classification of Refrigerants – Refrigerant properties – Oil Compatibility –
Environmental Impact- Montreal / Kyoto protocols – Eco Friendly Refrigerants. Different Types of
Refrigeration Tools – Evacuation and Charging Unit – Recovery and Recycling Unit – Vacuum Pumps.
4. System Balancing and Control – Estimation of Cooling Load – System Equilibrium and Cycling
Controls – Electric Circuits in – Refrigerators – Window A/C – Types of motors – Relays.
5. Psychrometry – Moist Air properties – use of Psychrometric Chart – Various Psychrometric processes
– Air Washer – Adiabatic Saturation.
6. Summer and Winter Air Conditioning: Air conditioning processes – RSHF – summer Air
conditioning – Winter Air conditioning – Bypass Factor. Applications with specified ventilation air
quantity – Use of ERSHF – Application with low latent heat loads and high latent heat loads.
7. Advanced Measurement Techniques and applications – Shadowgraph – Schileren – interferometer –
Laser Doppler anemometer – Hot wire anemometer – Heat flux sensors – Telemetry in measurement. Food
processing and preservation – Freezing and drying – Cold storage – Refrigerated Containers and Trucks.
8. Contemporary Discussion
# Mode: Flipped Class Room, [Lecture to be videotaped], Use of physical and computer models to lecture,
Visit to Industry, Min of 2 lectures by industry experts.
Text Book
1. W. F. Stocker and J. W. Jones (2002), Refrigeration and Air conditioning, McGraw Hill.

Reference Books
1. Manohar Prasad (2011), Refrigeration and Air conditioning, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
2. Arora, C. P. (2007), Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

KL UNIVERSITYSYLLABUS
INTRODUCTION TO REFRIGERATION: Necessity and applications, unit of refrigeration and COP, methods of
refrigeration.
AIR REFRIGERATION: Reversed Carnot Cycle, Bell Coleman cycle, Advantages and disadvantages of air
refrigeration, Open and Dense air systems, Actual air craft refrigeration system, types of systems.
REFRIGERANTS: Nomenclature, Desirable properties, common refrigerants used, Eco friendly refrigerants,
ODP.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION: Working principle, Components, Simple vapour compression
refrigeration cycle, Effect of condenser, evaporator pressure, sub cooling and super heating, Multi pressure
systems, Use of p–h charts.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS: Compressors, Condensers, Evaporators, Expansion devices.
VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM: COP, NH3 - water system, Li - Br, H2O system, Three fluid absorption
system.
PRODUCTION OF LOW TEMPERATURE: Cascade system, Production of Solid CO2.
STEAM JET REFRIGERATION SYSTEM: Principle, application, merits and demerits.
INTRODUCTION TO AIR CONDITIONING: Psychrometric properties, Heat loads, SHF, Ventilation, Infiltration,
Human comfort and Effective temperature, Comfort air conditioning, Industrial air conditioning and
requirements, Air conditioning load calculations.
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS: Classification, RSHF, ASHF, ESHF & ADP, filters, grills and registers,
deodorants, fans and blowers.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stoecker & Jones “Refrigeration and Air conditioning”
2. Jordon and Priester, “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Dossat. , Thomas J. Horan “Principles of Refrigeration”.
2. Manohar Prasad “Refrigeration and Air conditioning”, New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub.
3. Billy C. Langley “Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration”, Prentice Hall