U.D.C.: 669.14-423.1: 620.179.16.

December 1987

Ultrasonic testing of broad flanged beams EURONORM

with parallel flanges and IPE beams 186-87

CONTENTS

Page

1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 2

2 PRINCIPLE 2

3 APPARATUS 2
i=

S C/55 3.1 Description 2

3.2 Adjustment of the apparatus 2

Ms 4 COUPLING CONDITIONS - SURFACE CONDITION OF THE

PRODUCT 2
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5 SOUNDING PLAN 3

^ 6 PROCEDURE 3
2 LU d
<LU§ 6.1 Location of discontinuities 3
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O LL LU 6.2 Delineation of area of discontinuities 3
<o 7 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 3
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QWUJ 8 TEST REPORT 3
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2^9 ANNEX: List of equivalent terms in foreign languages 4
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Only the last edition of the EURONORMS quoted is valid

Copyright by the Standardization Offices of the European Communities' Member States

Page 2
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This Euronorm describes a reflection method for the ultra-
sonic testing of broad flanged beams with parallel flanges
(defined in EU53) and IPE beams (defined in EU19) for the
presence of internal discontinuities.
Various classes of ultrasonic quality are also defined accord-
ing to the test criteria.
This Euronorm applies to broad flanged beams with parallel
flanges with a web height equal to or greater than 200mm
and to IPE beams with a web height equal to or greater than
300mm, for which ultrasonic testing has been requested at
time of ordering. The sounding plan to be used and the
quality class shall be indicated on ordering.
The test is carried out in the place of production or on the
premises of the supplier by staff qualified for this purpose. If
specified in the order, the test can be carried out in the
presence of the customer or his representative. (')
2 PRINCIPLE
The method used is based on the reflection of longitudinal
ultrasonic waves the mean direction of which is perpendicu-
lar to the surface of the probe. The examination consists of:
(a) locating the discontinuity only discontinuities giving an
echo of amplitude equal to or greater than that of a 5mm
diameter flat-bottomed hole situated at the same depth
as the discontinuity are taken into consideration;
(b) then determining its area the contour of the discontinuity
being defined by the positions of the centre of the probe
corresponding to a defect echo height of half the
maximum defect echo height of the discontinuity under
consideration (6 dB method). Therefore, the scan to
determine the width of the discontinuity shall be carried
out only at right angles to the direction of rolling and for
determining the area of the discontinuity, in all direc-
tions. The evaluation of the discontinuity (acceptable
discontinuity, unacceptable discontinuity) shall be as a
function of the criteria indicated in Tables 1 and 2.
The examination is carried out with a double transducer
probe during the first ultrasonic scan (first backwall echo)
and from one side only.
3 APPARATUS
3.1 Description
The detection apparatus shall comprise an oscillograph
screen allowing the path of the ultrasonic waves in the
material to be followed. The oscillogrammes shall be clearly
visible, the peaks corresponding to the successive echoes
(') In this case, all steps should be taken to ensure that the production
process is not disturbed.
being sharp and very clear; the apparatus shall be suitably
calibrated ( 2 ) and shall include an amplifier graduated in
decibels.
The amplification and/or the power and speed of scanning
(base time) shall be adjustable over a wide range.
The test apparatus comprises at least one separate double
transducer probe. The probe shall be of a size and frequency
such that the required sensitivity is guaranteed throughout
the test range.
The nominal frequencies of the probes used shall be between
2 and 5 MHz and their main dimensions shall be between 10
and 25mm.
The probe can be either hand-held or mounted on a
continuous testing apparatus with a scanning speed suffi-
ciently low for the discontinuities to be located easily, taking
into account the image retention of the screen, orfittedwith
a device which indicates the discontinuity.
The acoustic separation line between the emitter and receiver
shall be oriented to give the maximum sensitivity during the
test.
3.2 Adjustment of the apparatus
Adjustment of the apparatus prior to use requires in par-
ticular that the scanning speed, power and amplification be
determined.
The scanning speed is adjusted to a value such that the
distance on the oscillograph screen, between the sup-
plementary echo and the back-wall echo of the first scan is
the best to permit a defect to be clearly detected between
them.
The power and amplification are adjusted simultaneously on
a sound area which does not give any defect echo. The first
back-wall echo shall then be brought up to the maximum
amplitude compatible with the height of the screen in the
field of linearity of the apparatus. The amplitude of the
echoes is adjusted by adjusting simultaneously the power and
amplification, the combination adopted being the one which
gives the lowest possible supplementary echo. During sound-
ing, it is recommended, as far as possible to keep a single
power value, as the adjustment of amplification allows the
defects to be evaluated within the limits of the screen.
4 COUPLING CONDITIONS - SURFACE
CONDITION OF THE PRODUCT
The coupling medium shall ensure adequate contact between
the probe and the surface of the product. Water is normally
used. Other coupling media may be used (oil, paste, etc.).
The products are normally examined without any special
surface preparation. However, the surface to be examined
shall be free from non-adherent oxides, dirt or foreign
substances likely to affect the coupling conditions. The
surface condition shall permit at least two successive back-
wall echoes to be obtained when the probe is placed on any
area free from internal discontinuities.
(2) The apparatus and its calibration shall conform to therequirementsof
the country producing the beams.
 Page 3

5 SOUNDING PLAN
According to the requirement indicated in the order, the
testing of the product is carried out according to one of the
following plans:
- Plan A: sounding of the ends of the web;
- Plan B: sounding of the ends of the flanges;
- Plan C: sounding of the complete web-,
- Plan D: sounding of the complete flanges;
or a combination of plans A, B, C and D.
defined by the positions of the centre of the probe corres-
ponding to a defect echo height equal to half the maximum
amplitude of the defect echo height of the discontinuity
under consideration. Delineation of area is carried out with
the same probe or a probe of the same type and under the
same operating conditions as those used for the detection of
the discontinuity. For this, it is necessary to mark the
discontinuities as they are detected. For the delineation of
the discontinuity, the probe is moved in all directions,
wheres for determining the width, it is moved only in the
direction at right angles to the direction of rolling.

Sounding can be carried out along the transverse lines, either

following a sinusoidal pattern or zigzag line over the The contour of the discontinuity defines the area S of the
complete width of the flange or web; the half wavelength or discontinuity. Two adjacent discontinuities shall be con-
scan distance shall be adapted to suit the chosen class and sidered as forming a single discontinuity, of area of the sum
shall under no circumstances be greater than 100mm. of the two, if the distance separating their contours is:

The ends shall be tested up to 100% over a length of 75mm.

Testing of theflange/webjunction may only be undertaken
subject to special agreements covering the test method,
assessment procedure and criteria.
equal to or less than the length of the smaller of the two
for discontinuities in line;
equal to or less than the width of the smaller of the two for
adjacent discontinuities.

6 PROCEDURE
7 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
6.1 Location of discontinuities
Tables 1 and 2 give the acceptance criteria for the classes of
The following curves for the probe used shall be employed ultrasonic quality.
giving:
(a) the change in the amplitude of the back-wall echo as a
function of the product thickness;
(b) the change in the amplitude of the echo from the 5mm
diameter flat-bottomed hole as a function of its position. 8 TEST REPORT

These curves shall be determined using blocks (graduated The test report shall include at least the following points:
block for the change in the amplitude of the back-wall echo (a) the references of the product examined (identification of
and block with 5 mm diameter flat-bottomed holes at grade, type and dimensions, surface condition);
different depths).
(b) the characteristics of the probe (type, dimensions,
The blocks are made of carbon steel of uniform structure and frequency) and of the apparatus;
each curve shall be determined from at least five points (c) the operating conditions (coupling, sounding plan,
distributed over the whole field of use of the probe. These adjustment of the apparatus);
curves may be supplied by the manufacturer of the probe and
should be checked before use. (d) the test results;
(e) a list of special points agreed.
Thus, for a product of a given thickness, the method consists
of adjusting the amplitude of the back-wall echo to the value
given by the curve for the change in amplitude of the
back-wall echo and comparing the amplitude of the defect
echo with the characteristic curve of the 5mm diameter TABLE 1 - Quality classes for testing of ends
flat-bottomed hole.
Minimum width Maximum Maximum
Only discontinuities whose maximum echo amplitude is of discontinuity permissible permissible
greater than that of the characteristic curve shall be taken Class to be taken length of the area of the
into account for delineation of area in accordance with 6.2: into consideration discontinuity discontinuity
mm mm mm2

11 20 75 1 500
6.2 Delineation of area of discontinuities 12 10 50 500

Note: The discontinuities taken into account are those whose

Delineation consists of determining the area of the disconti- maximum amplitude point is in the 75mm length.
nuities retained, the contour of the discontinuity being
Page 4

TABLE 2 — Quality classes for testing of the complete product

length

Permissible frequency
Minimum dimensions of acceptable
of the discontinuity Maximum discontinuities ( 2 )
to be taken into permissible
consideration (') area of the Total
Class discontinuity average
Local
mm2 number per
per
square
square
Width Length metre
metre
mm mm of the area
examined

20 20 100 6 000 10 5
21 20 50 3 000 10 5
22 10 25 1 000 10 5
23 8 15 500 10 5

( ' ) The two dimensions shall be taken into account simultaneously.

( 2 ) Values to be taken into consideration for each sounding plan
specified at the time of ordering.

ANNEX — List of equivalent terms in foreign languages

English French German Italian Dutch

Time base Base de temps Zeitablenkung Base dei tempi Tijdbasis

Grass Bruit de fond Gras Rumore di fondo Ruis
Defect echo Echo de défaut Fehlerecho Eco del difetto Foutecho
Back-wall echo Echo de fond Rückwandecho Eco di fondo Bodemecho
Supplementary echo Echo de surcouplage Uberkoppelecho Eco di ingresso Overspreekecho
Probe Traducteur Prufkopf Sonda Taster
Double transducer probe Traducteur émetteur SE-Prüfkopf Sonda ed emettitore e Dubbel-kristaltaster
récepteur séparés ricevitore separati
(sonda doppia)
Transducer Transducteur Schwinger Transduttore Kristal
Flat-bottomed hole Trou à fond plat Dachbodenbohrung Foro a fondo piatto Vlakbodemgat

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg

ECU 4.20 BFR 180 DKR 33 DR 645 IRL 3.20 UKL 2.90 USD 4.80

* * * OFFICE FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS Catalogue number: CB-48-87-703-EN-C

* J g * 0 F T H E EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
* * * L - 2985 Luxembourg

EURONORMS are on sale at:

United Kingdom: British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London W1A 2BS
Ireland: Institute for Industrial Research and Standards, Ballymun Road, Dublin 9
Denmark: Dansk Standardiseringsrad, Aurehøjvej 12, Postboks 77, DK-2900 Hellerup
Greece: ELOT — Hellenic Organization for Standardization, Didotou 15, Athens 144