PROJECT

IN
SCIENCE
 ALBUM
OF
ROCKS

Submitted by: Rogee-Anne C. Estrada

IGNEOUS ROCKS
 Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire) is one of the three
main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is
formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may
form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive
(plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. This magma can be
derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.
Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in
temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Over 700 types
of igneous rocks have been described, most of them having formed beneath the
surface of Earth's crust.

Sedimentary Rocks

 Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material
at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective
name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle
and accumulate or minerals to precipitate from a solution. Particles that form a
sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited,
sediment was formed by weathering and erosion in a source area, and then
transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or
glaciers which are called agents of denudation
Molten Rocks of Magma

 Magma (from Greek μάγμα, "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-

molten rock, volatiles and solids[1] that is found beneath the surface of the Earth,
and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma
may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles.
Magma often collects in magma chambers that may feed a volcano or solidify
underground to form an intrusion. Magma is capable of intrusion into adjacent
rocks (forming igneous dikes and sills), extrusion onto the surface as lava, and
explosive ejection as tephra to form pyroclastic rock.

Metamorphic Rock

 Metamorphic rocks are made by either heating up or squashing the earth's crust.
They are often found in mountainous regions. One example is slate. Slate was
originally a black mud laid down on the bottom of the sea or lake. Fossils can
sometimes be found in it but they are often squashed. Other common
metamorphic rocks are called marble, gneiss, schist.
Mudstone

 Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine grained sedimentary rock whose original

constituents were clays or muds. Grain size is up to 0.0625 mm (0.0025 in) with
individual grains too small to be distinguished without a microscope.

Limestone

 Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more than 50% calcium carbonate

(calcite - CaCO3). There are many different types of limestone formed through a
variety of processes. Limestone can be precipitated from water (non-clastic,
chemical or inorganic limestone), secreted by marine organisms such as algae and
coral (biochemical limestone), or can form from the shells of dead sea creatures
(bioclastic limestone). Some limestones form from the cementation of sand and / or
mud by calcite (clastic limestone), and these often have the appearance of
sandstone or mudstone. As calcite is the principle mineral component of limestone,
it will fizz in dilute hydrochloric acid.