https://www.thebalance.

com/what-is-unemployment-3306222

Definition: Unemployment is defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as people who do not have a job, have actively looked for work
in the past four weeks, and are currently available for work. Also, people who were temporarily laid off and were waiting to be called
back to that job are included in the unemployment statistics.

Those who have not looked for work within the past four weeks are no longer counted among the unemployed.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unemployment.asp

What is 'Unemployment'

Unemployment is a phenomenon that occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work.
Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy. The most frequently measure of unemployment is the
unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force.

Read more: Unemployment https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unemployment.asp#ixzz54e64IVD6

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Introduction : https://opentextbc.ca/principlesofeconomics/chapter/introduction-to-unemployment/

Unemployment can be a terrible and wrenching life experience—like a serious automobile accident or a messy
divorce—whose consequences can be fully understood only by someone who has gone through it. For
unemployed individuals and their families, there is the day-to-day financial stress of not knowing where the
next paycheck is coming from. There are painful adjustments, like watching your savings account dwindle,
selling a car and buying a cheaper one, or moving to a less expensive place to live. Even when the unemployed
person finds a new job, it may pay less than the previous one. For many people, their job is an important part of
their self worth. When unemployment separates people from the workforce, it can affect family relationships as
well as mental and physical health.

The human costs of unemployment alone would justify making a low level of unemployment an important
public policy priority. But unemployment also includes economic costs to the broader society. When millions of
unemployed but willing workers cannot find jobs, an economic resource is going unused. An economy with high
unemployment is like a company operating with a functional but unused factory. The opportunity cost of
unemployment is the output that could have been produced by the unemployed workers.
This chapter will discuss how the unemployment rate is defined and computed. It will examine the patterns of
unemployment over time, for the U.S. economy as a whole, for different demographic groups in the U.S.
economy, and for other countries. It will then consider an economic explanation for unemployment, and how it
explains the patterns of unemployment and suggests public policies for reducing it

https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/unemployment-rate

Unemployment Rate in Pakistan remained unchanged at 5.90 percent in 2016 from 5.90 percent in 2015. Unemployment Rate in Pakistan averaged 5.47

percent from 1985 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 7.80 percent in 2002 and a record low of 3.10 percent in 1987.

 Historical
 Alerts
 Data
 API
 Forecast
1Y5Y10YMAX

Export Data API Access

Pakistan Labour Last Previous Highest Lowest Unit

percent
Unemployment Rate 5.90 5.90 7.80 3.10 [+]
Thousand
Unemployed Persons 3620.00 3580.00 3730.00 903.00 [+]
Thousand
Employed Persons 57420.00 56520.00 57420.00 26961.00 [+]
Million
Population 207.77 189.87 207.77 45.85 [+]
PKR/Month
Living Wage Family 28800.00 29000.00 29000.00 27500.00 [+]
PKR/Month
Living Wage 14400.00 14500.00 14500.00 13300.00 [+]
Individual
PKR/Month
Wages High Skilled 49800.00 41100.00 49800.00 41100.00 [+]
PKR/Month
Wages Low Skilled 20700.00 17000.00 30700.00 17000.00 [+]

Pakistan Unemployment Rate

In Pakistan, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides -
Pakistan Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Pakistan Unemployment Rate -
actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases - was last updated on January of 2018.
 Actual Previous Highest Lowest Dates Unit Frequency

5.90 5.90 7.80 3.10 1985 - 2016 percent Yearly

Export Data API

Unemployment Rate By Country

 World
 Europe
 America
 Asia
 Africa
 Australia
 G20

Country Last Previous Highest Lowest

Quarterly
Spain 16.38 Sep/17 17.22 26.94 4.41 %
Monthly
Brazil 12.00 Nov/17 12.2 13.7 6.2 %
Monthly
Italy 11.00 Nov/17 11.1 13 5.7 %
Monthly
Turkey 10.30 Oct/17 10.6 14.8 7.3 %
Quarterly
France 9.70 Sep/17 9.5 10.7 7.2 %
Monthly
Euro Area 8.70 Nov/17 8.8 12.1 7.3 %
Monthly
Canada 5.70 Dec/17 5.9 13.1 2.9 %
Monthly
Australia 5.50 Dec/17 5.4 11.2 4 %
Quarterly
Indonesia 5.50 Sep/17 5.33 11.24 2 %
Monthly
Russia 5.10 Nov/17 5.1 14.1 4.8 %
Monthly
Netherlands 4.40 Dec/17 4.4 7.9 3.6 %
Monthly
United Kingdom 4.30 Oct/17 4.3 12 3.4 %
Monthly
United States 4.10 Dec/17 4.1 10.8 2.5 %
Quarterly
China 3.95 Sep/17 3.95 4.3 3.9 %
Monthly
Germany 3.60 Nov/17 3.7 11.5 0.4 %
Monthly
South Korea 3.60 Dec/17 3.6 7.1 2.9 %
Country Last Previous Highest Lowest
Yearly
India 3.46 Dec/16 3.49 8.3 3.46 %
Monthly
Mexico 3.40 Nov/17 3.5 6.42 2.22 %
Monthly
Switzerland 3.30 Dec/17 3.1 5.4 1.6 %
Monthly
Japan 2.70 Nov/17 2.8 5.5 1 %

https://www.slideshare.net/HAMMAD96/unemployment-in-pakistan-56447266?from_action=save
 https://nation.com.pk/16-May-2016/causes-and-effects-of-
unemployment

Causes and effects of unemployment

May 16, 2016

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Unemployment is a worldwide curse. It is not a small subject because every Govt. has to pay attention to the unemployment issue
otherwise it is unable to handle economy. The problem of unemployment is killing like a weapon of Damocles on the skull of our
country. Workless people can always be dangerous to the defense of the state. The ‘fire of stomach’, as it is said, can lead them to
entrust any crime in the calendar. If they are not given a job by which they may earn their living honestly, they will have no other
alternative than to beg or snatch their food.

It is difficult to imagine truth, nobility and truthfulness from a person who cannot have two square meals a day, and who cannot
provide a morsel of food or a dose of medicine to his sick wife or ailing children. He can have no sense of self-dignity, for he has no
sense of security, “A ploughman on his feet”, says Franklin, “is higher than a gentleman on his knees

Unemployment means absence of employment. It means very easy to defineunemployment but there are many complexities and
ramifications concerning its meaning. The first thought about unemployment may be that the unemployed are people without jobs

Unemployment is defined as all persons ten years of age and above who during the period under reference were, (a) without work
i.e., were not in paid employment or self-employed, (b) currently available for work i.e., were available for paid employment or self-
employment and (c) seeking work i.e., had taken specific steps in a specified period to seek paid employment or self-employment.

In general unemployment is defined as a situation in which a person who are qualified for a job, willing to work, and willing to accept
the going wage rate cannot find job without considerable delay.

Pakistan is one of those countries that are facing this giant issue through the whole economy is at the edge of destruction.
According to few surveys, there are about 2 million people are unemployed in Pakistan which really dangerous sign for Pakistanis.
This new Govt. said loudly in the past before elections that they will provide employment to the unemployed people. But after getting
rule, they are really upset to handle this situation which is getting violently speed towards downfall. Today it is severely concerned
problem for the public and they are demanding to govt. to solve it on prior bases. All educated students that are passing out from
their degrees are sitting idle because they have no opportunities, so they are going abroad for the jobs. Many surveys have stated
that Pakistan is worst country for the employment and it is placed in poor countries that live on foreign aids. The Govt. should pay
attention and create special opportunities to the students through which they can earn reasonable money through their hard work
but not through wrong ways.

Historically, the 1960s and the 1970s were a turbulent period in the history of Industrial Relations in Pakistan. Militant trade unions
and equally intransigent management’s were locked in endless disputes conflicts over pay and working conditions. Strikes, go
slows,lockouts and litigations were the most distinctive features of employer-employee relations.The concept of employers and
employees working together in close cooperation to ensureproductivity, profitability and growth of businesses and security of
employment

As a consequence, both the entrepreneur and labor, in fact, the economy of the country asa whole have suffered greatly. But,
perhaps, labor has suffered most on account ofincreasing unemployment and declining real wages as both public and private
sectorbusinesses have increasingly resorted to cutbacks, relocation, closure, contractemployment and outsourcing in an effort to
maintain profits and to counter pressure fromtrade unions.
Intensive