Trauma Capitis / Neuroimaging

Synonyms
Traumatic Brain Injuri

1.Epidural hematoma
1.1. Defenisi
Epidural or extradural hematoma (haematoma) is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which
a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater (the tough outer membrane of the central
nervous system) and the skull.

1.2.Gambar

Epidural Hematoma
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1.3. Etiology
The majority of bleeds originate from meningeal arteries, 10% of epidural bleeds may be venous,[

1.4.Location
Particularly in the temporal region.
Thus only 20 to 30% of epidural hematomas occur outside the region of the temporal bone

1.5. CT Scan
Biconvex lens

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1.6. Symptoms
Lucid interval followed by unconsciousness

1.7.Treatment
The blood may be removed surgically to remove the mass and reduce the pressure it puts on
the brain, through trephination / a burr hole or craniotomy.

2. Subdural hematoma

2.1. Defenition

2.2. Gambar

Subdural
hematoma
as marked
by
the arrow
with
significant
midline
shift

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2.3.Etiology
Bridging veins

2.4. Pathogenesis
Head injury,
↓
Rapidly changing velocities within the skull
↓
Various rotational or linear forces
↓
Sharing injuries
↓

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Stretch bridging veins
↓
Tear small bridging veins

2.4. Location
Between the dura and the arachnoid

2.5.Classification
Subdural hematomas are divided into acute, subacute, and chronic, depending on the speed of
their onset.[1] Acute subdural hematomas that are due to trauma are the most lethal of all head
injuries and have a high mortality rate if they are not rapidly treated with surgical
decompression.[2]

2.6. Symptoms
Gradually increasing headache and confusion

2.7. CT Scan
Crescent-shaped

3. Physical examination
3.1. Battle sign

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"Battle's sign is bruising over the mastoid sinus (just behind the auricle) and is a
delayed physical finding associated with basilar skull fractures. Hemotympanum (blood
behind the ear drum) and "raccoon eyes" (periorbital bruising) are other delayed
findings consistent with basilar skull fractures." San Francisco General Hospital
Emergency Services
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3.2. Racon eye / Panda’s eye

3.3. Rhinorrhea

Herniasi

4
 "Schematic representation of various
herniation pathways (1) subfalcine,
(2) uncal (Transtentorial), (3)
cerebellar, and (4) transcalvarium)

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