DESIGN 2-PASS SHELL AND

TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

SYEDA IQRA ANJUM
MS CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
2ND SEM, CMS:35910
STATEMENT:
• Design a 2-pass shell and tube type heat exchanger by applying a
basic design procedure involving the rating of heat transfer design
with corresponding rating program including:
• Geometrical calculations
• Heat transfer correlation
• Pressure drop correlation
• Design specification: TUBE: MATERIAL=SS, ID=9.5mm, OD=12.7mm,
LENGTH=333.5mm
SHELL: MATERIAL=GI, ID=700mm, OD=750mm
DESIGNING:
For the cited data, assuming a typical heat exchange process between
distilled water and raw water for a pharmaceutical industry.
Assumptions for Shell and Tube Heat exchanger designing.
Flowrate ( distilled water)= 175,000 Ib/hr
Flowrate ( raw water) = 280,000 Ib/hr
Temperature for
f r hot stream:
T1= 93 F T2=85 F
Temperature for cold stream:
t1= 75 F t2= 80 F
GEOMETRICAL CALCULATIONS
EXCHANGER:
SHELL SIDE:
ID= 700mm=26.89 inch , OD=750=28.8 inch, Baffle spacing= 12 inch
Passes= 2
TUBE SIDE:
ID= 9.5 mm=0.364 inch, OD=12.7mm=0.487inch, Length of
tube=333.5mm=12.8 inch, number of tubes= 320
Passes= 4
From table taking BWG=16
From TEMA STANDARDS, pitch=21/32 inches
 Calculating clearance ( C’)
Pt=C’+OD, i-e C’=Pt-OD=O.65-O.49=0.16
 Heat Balance
Q=mcΔt
Distilled water: Q=175,000*1(93-85)=1400,000 Btu/hr
Raw water: Q=280,000*1(80-75)=1400,000 Btu/hr
Δt
first calculating LMTD:
Hot cold diff
Higher temp 93 80 13 ΔT1
Lower temp 85 75 10 ΔT2
Difference 8 5
LMTD=ΔT1-ΔT2/ln(ΔT1/ΔT2) = 3/0.26= 11.5 F
LMTD=11.5 F
Calculating temperature group( R and S) for Δt ( true temperature
difference)
R= 93-85/80-75= 1.6 ; S=80-75/93-75=0.27
Calculating Ft ( temperature difference from graph, plotted against R
and S to get Ft values.
so., Ft=0.97 F
 Δt=Ft*LMTD= 0.97*11.5= 11.15 F
Heat transfer Correlations
Taking hot fluid shell side and cold fluid tube side
SHELL SIDE TUBE SIDE
DISTILLED WATER RAW WATER
Shell area (As) tube area (At)
a=ID*C’B/144Pt a’t=0.1076 in2
a=26.89*0.16*12/144*0.583 a’=No. of tubes(a’t)/n
a=0.615 ft2 a’=320*0.1076/144*4
a’=0.0.897ft2
 Mass velocity
G=m/a G=m/a’
G=175,000/0.615 G=280,000/0.0897
G=284552.8 Ib/hr.ft2 G=3121516Ib/hr.ft2
Calculating velocity at tube side:
velocity=G/3600*density
v=3121516/3600*62.5 ; v= 9.8ft/s
REYNOLD’S NUMBER
@ avg. T=89 F @ avg t=77.5F
From viscosity table
Viscosity x=10.2,y=13.0 viscosity x=10.2, y=13.0
Viscosity=0.84*2.42 viscosity=0.98*2.42
μ=2.03 I/ft.hr μ=2.37Ib/ft.hr
 Equivalent diameter tube ID
De=4*ID/wetted parameter from table 10
De=4*26.89/122=0.073ft D=0.370/12inch=0.0308ft
Re=De*Gs/ μ Re=DGt/ μ
Re=10232.6 Re=40566.5
Heat Transfer Co-efficient
h1=jHk/De(cu/k)1/3* Φ h2=h’2*ID/OD from table
From Re and Avg. temp h’2=554*1=554
jH=61 h2=554*0.370/0.487
From table h2=420.9
K=0.36Btu/hr.ft2.F
@ 89F
(cu/k)1/3=(1*2.03/0.36)
=1.84
h1=61*0.36*1.84*1/0.073
h1=554
Overall clean co-efficient
Uc=h2h1/h2+h1
Uc=420.9*554/420.9+554= 240 Btu/hr.ft2.F
 Design overall co-efficient
Outside surface area of tube=0.1309ft2/ft
Total area of tube side A=no. of tubes*length*outside surface area
A=320*12.8*0.1309=536.16ft2
UD=Q/AΔt= 1400,000/536.16*11.15= 227.05
 Dirt Factor
Rd=Uc-Ud/Uc*Ud
Rd=240-227.05/240*227.05=0.00238 hr.ft2.F/Btu
SUMMARY OF ALL:-
Uc=240
Ud=227.05
Rd=0.00238
 PRESSURE DROP
Shell side:
ΔP=fGDs(N+1)/5.22*(10)10De*phi
For Re=10232.6, f=0.0019ft2/in2 From table
N+1=12L/B
=12*12.8/12
=12.8
Ds=26.89/12
=2.24
dp=(.002)(284552.8)^2(2.24)(12.8)/5.22*10^10*.073*2*1
=6.0 Psi
For Tube side Pressure Drop.
F=.00158 @Re=40566.5
Pressure drop(Pt)=fG^2Ln/5.22*10^10*D*n*phi
=2.4 psi
Pr=(4N/S)v^2/2g
(V^2/2g)=.811 (from fig 27)
Pr=6.4 Psi
PT= Pt + Pr
=8.8 Psi
which is quit allowable
THANK YOU