CECW-ED Department ofthe Army EM 1110-2-2705

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Engineer Manual Washington, DC 20314-1000 31 March 1994
1110-2-2705

Engineering and Design

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF CLOSURE

STRUCTURES FOR LOCAL FLOOD
PROTECTION PROJECTS

Distribution Restriction Statement

Approved for public release; distribution is
unlimited.
 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 1110-2-2705
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
CECW-ED Washington, DC 20314·1000

Manual
No. 1110-2-2705 31 March 1994

Engineering and Design

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF CLOSURE STRUCTURES
FOR LOCAL FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECTS

1. Purpose. This engineer manual (EM) provides guidance for the structural design of closure
structures for openings in levees and floodwalls of inland local flood protection projects (LFPPs).
Design requirements for aluminum and steel stoplog closure structures and steel swing, miter, trolley,
and rolling gate closure structures for openings in levees and floodwalls of LFPPs are addressed. This
guidance provides a framework for incorporating the required elements of design execution into the
design process for closure structures.

2. Applicability. This manual is applicable to all HQUSACE elements, major subordinate commands,
districts, laboratories and field operating activities having civil works design and construction
responsibilities.

FOR THE COMMANDER:

WILLIAM D. BROWN
Colonel, Corps of Enginners
Chief of Staff

20020628 032
._--------------~/
 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 1110-2-2705
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
CECW-ED Washington, DC 20314·1000

Manual
No. 1110-2-2705 31 March 1994

Engineering and Design

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF CLOSURE STRUCTURES
FOR LOCAL FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECTS

Table of Contents

Subject Paragraph Page Subject Paragraph Page

Chapter 1 Chapter 6
Introduction Corrosion Protection
Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1 1-1 Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-1 6-1
Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-2 1-1
References 1-3 1-1 Appendix A
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-4 1-1 Checklist for Structural Design
of Closure Structures
Chapter 2
Design Appendix B
Design Process 2-1 2-1 Stoplog Design Examples
Design Coordination. . . . . . . . . . .. 2-2 2-1
General Design Provisions 2-3 2-1 Appendix C
Swing Gate Design Example
Chapter 3
Selection of Closure Types Appendix D
Facilities Requiring Closures . . . . .. 3-1 3-1 Miter Gate Design Example
Closure Structure Types 3-2 3-1
Appendix E
Chapter 4 Rolling Gate Design Example
Structural Analyses and Design
Stress Criteria 4-1 4-1 Appendix F
Loading Criteria 4-2 4-1 Trolley Gate Design Example
Design Analysis Criteria . . . . . . . .. 4-3 4-1

Chapter 5
Appurtenant Components
Gate Operating Equipment 5-1 5-1
Seal Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-2 5-1
Embedded Metals 5-3 5-1

Chapter 1
Introduction
1-1. Purpose and Scope
a. Purpose. This engineer manual (EM) provides
guidance for the structural design of closure structures for
openings in levees and floodwalls of inland local flood
protection projects (LFPPs).
b. Scope. The scope of this guidance includes the
design requirements for aluminum and steel stoplog clo-
sure structures and steel swing, miter, trolley, and rolling
gate closure structures for openings in levees and flood-
walls of LFPPs. This guidance provides a framework for
incorporating the required elements of design execution
into the design process for closure structures.
1-2. Applicability
This manual is applicable to all HQUSACE elements,
major subordinate commands, districts, laboratories, and
field operating activities having civil works design and
construction responsibilities.
1-3. References
a. EM 1110-2-38, Environmental Quality in Design
of Civil Works Projects.
b. EM 1110-2-301, Guidelines for Landscape Plant-
ing at Flood Walls, Levees, and Embankment Dams.
c. EM 1110-2-2104, Strength Design for Reinforced-
Concrete Hydraulic Structures.
d. EM 1110-2-2105, Design of Hydraulic Steel
Structures.
e. EM III 0-2-2502, Retaining and Flood Walls.
j EM 1110-2-2703, Lock Gates and Operating
Equipment.
g. EM III 0-2-2906, Design of Pile Foundations.
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94
h. EM 1110-2-3104, Structural and Architectural
Design of Pumping Stations.
i. EM 1110-2-3400, Painting: New Construction and
Maintenance.
j. Aluminum Association, Inc. 1986. "Specifica-
tions for Aluminum Structures," 900 19th Street, NW,
Suite 300, Washington, DC 20006.
k. American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1989. "Standard
Specifications for Highway Bridges," 14th ed., 444 North
Capitol Street, NW, Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.
I. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC).
1986. "Manual of Steel Construction, Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)," 1st ed., 400 North
Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611.
m. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC).
1989. "Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress
Design (ASD)," 9th ed., 400 North Michigan Avenue,
Chicago, IL 60611.
n. American Railway Engineering Association.
1991. "1991 Manual for Railway Engineering," Vol-
ume I, Chapters 1 through 8, and Volume II, Chapters 9
through 33, 50 F Street, NW, Suite 7702, Washington,
DC 20001.
1-4. Background
This manual was developed to provide uniform criteria for
the design of closure structures for openings in levees and
floodwalls of LFPPs. The development process involved
reviewing and evaluating the design and performance of
existing closure structures constructed throughout the
Corps to identify the structures which are cost-effective
and efficient in operation, and incorporating the design
features of these projects into the criteria provided herein.
The resulting guidance contained in this manual provides
a series of design requirements and provisions that should
be applied to the design of closure structures.
1-1

Chapter 2
Design
2-1. Design Process
The structural design of closure structures for openings in
levees and floodwalls should be planned in detail to
ensure that the elements of the structural design responsi-
bility are properly executed during the reconnaissance
phase through the operations phase of projects. These
elements include: coordinating the required input from the
project manager, project engineer, and other engineering
disciplines and functional members of the design team;
incorporating general design provisions into the design
process and resulting solutions which pertain to opera-
tional, functional, maintenance, aesthetics, safety, security,
construction, and economical considerations; examining
and comparing pertinent features of closure types, select-
ing the appropriate closures and suitable alternatives for
particular applications, and defining the preferred general
design concept which provides a basis for estimating the
construction cost; and performing the required structural
analyses and design of structural features and ensuring
design quality through design review and other methods
of verification. Appendix A provides a checklist of
design functions required during each phase of the design
process.
2-2. Design Coordination
Full coordination of the total design process should be
considered as the most essential element for ensuring
design quality. The structural engineer must operate
within the prescribed role and functional relationships
established between the structural discipline and the proj-
ect manager, project engineer, engineering disciplines, and
other functional elements engaged in the design process to
effectuate the coordination required for the design of
closures.
a. Project manager. Throughout the design process,
the project manager is responsible for coordinating with
the local sponsor, communicating input from the local
interests to the project engineer and design engineers, and
ensuring that the major design features of closure struc-
tures are acceptable to the local interests. The project
manager must also obtain agreement with agencies or
entities which own and maintain utilities and facilities
which would be impacted by the construction of the
closure structures. Such facilities include pipe lines,
transmission lines, streets, highways, bridges, and
railroads.
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94
b. Project engineer. The project engineer, in manag-
ing the design of closure structures, is responsible for
interacting with the project manager to obtain the agreed
local sponsor requirements and acceptance of proposed
design solutions for closure structures and communicating
these to the functional elements engaged in the project
including real estate, planning, engineering, construction,
and operations.
c. Structural engineer. The structural engineer is
responsible for coordinating with the project engineer and
other engineering disciplines engaged in the design of
closure structures, including civil, geotechnical, hydraulic,
mechanical, coastal, environmental, construction, and
operations engineers, to ensure all pertinent engineering
considerations are properly integrated into the structural
design.
2-3. General Design Provisions
General design provisions which must be integrated into
the design process for the design and construction of
closure structures for LFPP include operational, func-
tional, maintenance, aesthetics, safety, security, construc-
tion and economical considerations. These provisions
mu:t be fully and appropriately addressed in the design
process and the resulting project documents.
a. Operational. The required lead time for closing
the structures in the event of flooding is controlled by the
rate of rise of the flood waters. The accuracy of
advanced forecasting of flooding determines the length of
time which should be scheduled for the mobilization of
operations personnel and equipment required to close the
structures. Also, the accuracy of forecasting determines
the number of times traffic is inconvenienced by a closed
structure when flooding does not occur. The scheduled
time for closure of structures should include a cushion to
ensure that closure is completed well before the arrival of
flood waters. The required lead time and the types of
operating equipment and operations personnel available to
the local sponsor are the primary factors in determining
the type of closure structures suitable for particular
applications.
b. Functional. Functional requirements for facilities,
such as roadways and railroads, affect the design of clo-
sure structures. Existing site topography and clearance
requirements for roadways (highways and streets) and
railroads are primary functional considerations which must
be incorporated into the design of closure structures.
2-1
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94
(1) Site topography. Existing grades parallel to
roadways and railroads affect the required site distances
along these facilities. Variation of grades along roadways
and railroads affects the selection of the type of closure
structures and the design of sills and supports for these
facilities. For example, multiple sets of railroad tracks
occurring at different grade elevations require a hinged
bottom seal arrangement to provide an effective seal.
(2) Clearances.
(a) Roadways. The opening widths provided for
roadways shall comply with the requirements of the
American Association of State Highway and Transporta-
tion Officials (AASHTO) (1989). The width of closure
openings should not be less than 30 ft for roadways with
two lanes of traffic. The minimum vertical clearance
between the crown of roadways and fixed overhead com-
ponents of closures should not be less than 14 ft. Clear-
ances should be coordinated and approved by the facility
owner.
(b) Railroads. Minimum horizontal and vertical
clearances shall not be less than that required by the
AASHTO (1989). The normal minimum width of open-
ing provided for railroads is approximately 20 ft for each
set of tracks involved in the closure. Clearances should
be coordinated with and approved by the facility owner.
c. Maintenance. Proper maintenance of closure
structures is essential to the continuous satisfactory perfor-
mance of the structures. The required maintenance provi-
sions must be included in the agreement with the local
sponsor. Current agreements with local sponsors require
annual periodic inspections of the closure structures and
the adjoining levee or floodwall. Inspections must be
thorough so that any deficiencies that are critical to the
function of the project are detected and promptly cor-
rected. Designs should incorporate materials, systems,
and features which are economically feasible and require
minimal maintenance.
d. Aesthetics. The requirements for incorporating
aesthetic quality into the design of LFPP have been estab-
lished. EM 1110-2-38 provides guidance for aligning
flood control channels, landscaping along channels, and
the aesthetic treatment of channel linings. EM 1110-2-
301 also provides guidance for landscaping. In some
LFPP floodwalls, an open view of the waterway was
made an aesthetic requirement. These projects incor-
porate closures with bottom hinged walls which can be
2·2
stored in the lowered position and raised for protection
during flood periods.
e. Safety. The design of closures must include safety
provisions for the public and the operations personnel.
Local sponsors are responsible for the safe operation of
closure structures; therefore, designers must coordinate
with sponsors so that the appropriate design provisions are
incorporated to ensure safe operation. General safety
provisions include providing railings on the top of gates
and adjacent walls for public protection and providing
ladders for access by operations personnel. Additional
safety features could include warning signs and barriers
which prevent access by unauthorized persons.
f Security. The design of closure structures must
include security provisions which prevent vandalism and
the impairment of operating capability. Locked storage
facilities which are inaccessible to the public should be
provided for the storage of stoplogs, removable posts, and
other unsecured parts of closure structures. In areas sub-
ject to vandalism, masonry buildings should be used.
Latching devices which hold gates in the stored position
should be provided with adequate locks.
g. Construction.
(1) Procedures and methods. Construction proce-
dures and methods should be considered during design to
facilitate the general constructibility of closure structures.
All phases of construction and erection procedures, partic-
ularly for gated closure structures, should be considered
and design details developed which minimize
complexities.
(2) Assurance of design integrity. The structural
designer must identify, in the project documents, the
design assumptions, details, and specifications essential to
design integrity. This is necessary to make certain that
the closure features receive assurance inspection during
construction to verify that actual construction methods are
in compliance with the design assumptions, details, and
specifications.
h. Cost comparisons. The costs of previously con-
structed closure structures vary according to the closure
type and opening size. These variations should be consid-
ered in making cost-effective decisions in the selection of
the closure type and the design of closure structures for
openings in levees and floodwalls of LFPPs.
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Chapter 3 expensive. Gate closure structures are more functional

Selection of Closure Types because they can usually be closed and opened quickly
and with less effort.

a. Stoplog closure structures. Stoplog closure struc-

3-1. Facilities Requiring Closures
Closure structures are required at openings in levee and
floodwall systems when facilities such as railroads, road-
ways, and pedestrian walkways pass through levee and
floodwall systems at elevations below the level of
protection provided by the project. The widths of open-
ings for these facilities vary depending upon their func-
tional purpose. Openings for railroads and roadways vary
from moderate widths (20 to 40 ft) to widths of 100 ft or
more. Openings for pedestrian walkways are usually
20 ft or less. The need for closures should be avoided
when possible by using ramps or pedestrian overpasses.
3-2. Closure Structure Types
Closure structures for openings in levee and floodwall
systems of LFPPs are usually either stoplog or gate type
closures. Stoplog closure structures are usually the least
tures usually consist of one or more sets of horizontal
aluminum or steel beams, stacked vertically in the closed
position. Aluminum stoplogs weigh less than steel stop-
logs of the same size but do not have the same strength.
For narrow openings, one set of beams or logs may span
between support slots constructed at the edge of openings.
For wider openings, intermediate, removable support posts
are required as shown in Figure 3-1. Seals are not nor-
mally attached to the stoplogs; however, plastic sheeting,
sandbags, or other available means should be used to
reduce leakage through the stoplog closure structure.
Storage facilities must be provided for the stoplogs,
removable posts, and accessories. When secured areas are
available, closure items may be stored on uncovered stor-
age concrete pedestals or slabs; otherwise, a storage build-
ing must be provided. Typical details of a stoplog clos~re
structure are shown in Plates 1-2. Advantages and dIS-
advantages of stoplog closure structures are given below.

Wall Slot Wall Slot

Opening Width

Removable Post
Top of Wall
Stop logs

- -
u
- - (J)

~w
- -
;J
- - III
0
Si I I Il
- -

~
I
- ,, , , -
, ,
L __ J
,L __ :,
.J

Figure 3-1. Stoplog closure structure

3-1
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Advantages: Installation time is usually increased to allow

cleaning of the post sockets during installation.
- Fabrication methods are simple and economical.
Installation time is longer than required to close
- Initial cost is usually less than for gate closures. gated closures.

- Is easily operated for narrow and low openings.
Disadvantages:
Intermediate support posts or wide stoplogs are
required for wide openings which usually require special
lifting equipment for installation.
Accurate long-range weather forecasting is needed
since a relatively long lead time is required to mobilize
personnel and equipment for installation.
A storage building is required to prevent damage
by vandalism or loss by theft.
b. Gate closure structures. The most common type
of gates used for gate closure structures are swing, miter,
rolling, and trolley gates. Figure 3-2 shows outside boun-
dary envelopes for a limited number of gate closure struc-
tures from past Corps projects. Gate types are plotted
relative to the size of the closure opening. The gate sizes
enclosed by the envelopes lie to the left and below the
applicable curve or line. Figure 3-2 shows the type of

40'
Mp

+-' 30 .
.£:
Ol T
.-OJ R2 RL
I 55
Ol 20 .
c
c
OJ
Q.
D 10 .

R1

O'
O' 20 . 40' 60 . 80 . 100

Opening Wldth

LEGEND

Ss = SWing gate, single leaf.

So = Swing gate, double leaf.
=
MH Miter gate with hinges.
Mp = Miter gate with pintle, continuous quoin, and miter posts.
~ = Rolling gate stabilized by a double line of wheels.
R1 = Rolling gate with a single line of wheels, trolley stabilized.
~ = Rolling gate - L-frame, latch stabilized.
=
T Trolley gate.

Figure 3-2. Gate type versus opening dimensions

3-2
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

gate and height-to-width relationships used in past designs
and is not intended to establish the maximum opening
sizes for any particular gate type used in future designs.
(1) Swing gates. Swing gates are composed of two
or more horizontal girders, vertical intercostals, vertical
end diaphragms, a skin plate, and diagonal braces. Swing
gates are supported on one side by top and bottom hinges
attached to a support structure as shown in Figure 3-3. In
most cases, swing gate closures consist of a single swing
gate leaf. However, double leaf gates are used for wide
openings. Double leaf gates must be stabilized by a
removable center post or diagonal tie-back linkages as
shown in Figure 3-4. One end of the diagonal linkage
rods shall be permanently attached to the free ends of
each gate leaf. The other end of the each linkage rod is
attached to the support structure when the gates are
closed. A support jack is provided beneath the gate to
withstand the vertical component of load from the linkage
rods. Rubber I-seals are attached to gates to form a con-
tinuous water-tight seal between the gates and supporting
walls and sill of the opening. Closure provisions should
include the use of winches or motor vehicles to accom-
plish closure during strong winds. Typical details
of a swing gate closure structure are shown in Plate 3.
Typical details of hinges, seals and latches are shown in
Plates 4-12. Advantages and disadvantages of swing gate
closure structures are given below.
Advantages:
Single leaf swing gates are more practical for
opening widths up to 40 ft.
Skilled personnel or equipment are not required
for operation except when removable intermediate support
posts are used with double leaf gates.
A short lead time is required for making closure
except when removable intermediate support posts are
used with double leaf gates.
Disadvantages:
- Requires right-of-way area for operating.
- Requires complex shop fabrication with machine
work.

Opening Width

Top of Gate & Wall

Skin Plate (Far Side)
Diagonals C.L. Hinges
Intercosta Is

Latch Top Girder £~ Top Hinge

Seal Seal

End Diaphragm End Diaphragm

Latch Bottom Girder

Bottom Hinge

Si II
Seal

Figure 3-3. Swing gate closure structure

3-3
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Protected Side
Cl Closure
I

Seal
Sea I

Seal
~ ==--===xua======= =======GD::-===== LP

Stored P o s r t l o n /
~ Hanger
of Li nkages Stored pos it ion
of Linkages

Llnkage Rods
Connection to At top & bottom glrders
Dead Man Anchor ~ one set on each leaf

Flood Side

Protected Side Flood Side

Top Girder

Linkages at top & bottom

girders one set on each leaf
Tensioning linkages to (Turnbuckles for adJustmentJ
end diaphragm on each leaf.
(Turnbuckles for adJustmentJ Covered recess for
attachment of linkages.

~ack at end of each gate

leaf to Withstand vertlcal
component of linkages.
Note: Bottom seal
not shown for clarity.

SECTION A-A

Figure 3-4. Tie-back linkage for double leaf swing gate

A storage facility is required when removable
intermediate support posts are used with double leaf gates.
Requires a retractable bottom sill to accommodate
nonlevel sill surfaces.
Is difficult to operate during high winds.
(2) Miter gates. Miter gates consist of two leaves
that form a three-hinged arch when the gates are in the
closed position. Each gate leaf is composed of: horizon-
tal girders, vertical intercostals, vertical end diaphragms, a
skin plate, and adjustable diagonal tension rods. The gate
leaves are attached to support piers by top and bottom
hinges as shown in Figure 3-5. The diagonal tensioning

3-4
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Opening Width

PLAN

Dry Side

(])
Opening Width Ol
C
Skin Plate I
Top of Wa II Diagonals C,L, Sym, (Far SIde) 0.
& Gate o
ntercosta Is I-
Miter Contact Block 1

Top Gird,

(J)
Ol In
c (])
Ql
I 10 c
(])
UJ .c .c
E 0. 0. I
0 10 10
+'
+' 0 o .J
0
rn L)

Bot, Gird,

Sea 1 Miter Contact Block

5111

Figure 3-5. Miter gate closure structure

rods are required to prevent twisting of the gate leaves
due to their dead load and must be properly tensioned
after the gates are installed so that the gates hang plumb
and miter properly. Typical diagonal prestressing notes
are given in Plate 13. For miter gates with two horizontal
girders, the three-hinged arch reactions are resisted by the
top and bottom hinges at the supports and spot bearing
blocks at the miter ends of the horizontal girders. The
magnitude of loading on large miter gates requires the use
of three or more horizontal girders, quoin posts with
bearings attached to the support piers, and continuous
miter posts at the miter ends of the gates to accommodate
the forces. Also, hemispherical pintles and top linkages,
similar to navigation lock gates, may be required instead
of hinges. Provisions for the design of hemispherical
pintles and top linkages are given in EM 1110-2-2703.
Hinges and miter blocks or bearing posts must be adjust-
able to accommodate construction tolerances and allow
the gates to miter properly. Support structures for miter
gates are usually more difficult to design and cost more
than support structures for other types of gates. The
supporting structures and their foundations must be
designed to minimize the deflections at the gate hinges or
quoin posts so that the gates will function as designed.
J-seal assemblies are provided for water tightness.
Latches are provided to secure the gates in the stored and
closed position. Seal, hinge, and latch details for miter
gates are similar to those used for swing gates. Closure

3·5
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94
provisions should include the use of winches or motor
vehicles to accomplish closure during strong winds.
Typical details of a miter gate closure structure are shown
in Plates 14-16. Advantages and disadvantages of miter
gate closure structures are given below.
Advantages:
- Is suitable for large openings.
- Closure can be made quickly without the use of
skilled personnel.
- A storage building is not required.
- Weighs less than other types of gates designed for
large openings.
- A center support is not required.
Disadvantages:
- Requires complex shop fabrication with machine
work.
- Requires right-of-way area for operating.
- Support structure is more complex to design and
more expensive than for other gate types.
- Requires a retractable bottom seal to accommodate
nonlevel sill surfaces.
- Is difficult to operate during high winds.
(3) Rolling gates. Rolling gates are composed of a
structural steel frame covered with a water barrier skin
plate. The gates are supported by wheels that roll on
tracks embedded in the sill across the closure opening and
the storage area. I-seals are attached to the ends and
bottoms of the gates to form a water-tight seal between
the gates and the plates embedded in the end supports and
the bottom sill. The gates are sometimes operated by a
cable attached to a truck motorized winch; however, the
cable could also be connected directly to a truck which
pulls the gate open or closed. Alternately, the design may
consist of a winch mounted at the site for gate operations.
Gates along fast rising streams may be designed to be
opened or closed from the protected side of the floodwall
as shown in Plates 17-20. Latches should be provided to
secure the gates in the stored and closed positions.
3-6
(4) Rolling gate - stabilized with two lines of wheels.
Rolling gates stabilized with two lines of wheels are
composed of: horizontal girders, vertical intercostals,
vertical end and intermediate plate diaphragms, a skin
plate, and two lines of support wheels as shown in Fig-
ure 3-6. The wheels support and stabilize the gate against
overturning. The wheels are usually V-grooved castings
and roll on tracks that are usually inverted angles with
embedded anchorages. The depth of the bottom girder is
usually governed by the required transverse spacing
between the supporting wheels rather than the hydrostatic
load. A girder depth of 30 to 36 in. is normally required
to accommodate the spacing between the two lines of
wheels to provide stability of the gate during opening and
closing operations. Typical details of a rolling gate stabi-
lized with two lines of wheels are shown in Plate 21.
Advantages and disadvantages of rolling gates stabilized
with two lines of wheels are given below.
Advantages:
- Is adaptable to wide openings.
- Closure can be made quickly without the use of
skilled personnel.
- A storage building is not required.
- Requires small storage space.
Disadvantages:
- Requires a retractable bottom seal to accommodate
nonlevel sill surfaces.
- Unless wheel assemblies are designed to accom-
modate the lateral bottom girder deflection, jacks must be
provided to lift the wheel assemblies from the tracks
when the gate is in the closed position.
- Requires level storage area immediately adjacent
to the closure opening.
(5) Rolling gate - with single line of wheels and
stabilizing trolleys. These gates are usually composed of
a trussed steel frame covered with skin plate or bridge
planks. The gates are supported at the bottom by a single
line of wheels and are stabilized laterally by an extended
top girder supported by trolleys attached to the top of the
floodwall as shown in Figure 3-7. Girder depths are
usually governed by the hydrostatic loading on the gate.
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Opening Width

Top of Wa I I & Gate

Ul Ul
Ul m OJ
Q)
.r: Q)
Q) .r:
Q) U
U .r: Q) !l
+! III l: Q) +!
3: UJ III
to Q) III 3: .J
...J UJ Q) UJ
UJ

00 00 Rai Is

Figure 3-6. Rolling gate - stabilized with two lines of wheels

Opening Width

Top of Wa I I & Gate Wa I I Mounted

Tro I I eys

Latch Ext. Top Gird.

Seal
Seal (J) (J)
(J) (J)
.l: .l:
3: l\1 3:
(J)
(JJ IJJ Latch
Latch

0 0 Ra i I

Figure 3-7. Rolling gate - single line of wheels and stabilizing trolleys

3-7
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Typical details of a rolling gate with a single line of
wheels and stabilizing trolleys are shown in Plate 22.
Advantages and disadvantages of rolling gates with a
single line of wheels and stabilizing trolleys are given
below.
Advantages:
- Is practical for closure widths up to 30 ft.
- Closure can be made quickly without the use of
skilled personnel.
(6) Rolling gate - L-frame. These gates are usually
composed of a series of L-shaped structural steel frames
interconnected by horizontal and diagonal members. The
gates are supported at the bottom by two lines of wheels
as shown in Figure 3-8. Hooks attached to the heel of
each of the L-frames engage anchorages embedded in the
concrete sill structure to stabilize the gate against hydro-
static loadings. Typical details of an L-frame rolling gate
are shown in Plate 23. Advantages and disadvantages of
L-frame rolling gates are given below.
Advantages:

- A storage building is not required. - Can be designed for any opening width.

- Requires small storage space. - Can be shop-fabricated in sections to simplify

handling and storage.
Disadvantages:
- Closure can be made quickly without the use of
- Requires a retractable bottom seal to accommodate skilled personnel.
nonlevel sill surfaces.
- A storage building is not required.
- Requires level storage area immediately adjacent
to the closure opening.

Unlimited Opening WIdth

Top of Wa I I & Gate

(J)
(J) (j)
L E
"L"Frame 0 to
.r: L
0 U.
C
itl
(J) (J)
<{ (JJ j
(I) -(I) -
(I) - c
UJ OJ (I)
(j) OJ :Y.
.c .c E (I)
UJ
3: 3: III .r:
,- L 3:
UJ u.

0 () SI I I

Seal
Raj Is
Ral Is

Partial Elevation Section

Figure 3-8. Rolling gate· L-frame stabilized by hooks

3·8
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

- Requires small storage space. similar to that used for rolling gates. Typical details of a
trolley gate closure structure are shown in Plate 24.
Disadvantages: Advantages and disadvantages of a trolley gate closure
structure are given below.
- Requires a retractable bottom seal to accommodate
nonlevel sill surfaces. Advantages:

- Requires level track surface. Is practical for closure widths up to 60 ft.

- Requires level storage area immediately adjacent Closure can be made quickly without the use of
to the closure opening. skilled personnel.

- Requires wide sill to accommodate the installation Can obtain a good seal against irregular sill
of tracks and hook anchorages. surfaces.

(7) Trolley Gates. Trolley gates are usually com-
posed of top and bottom horizontal girders, other second-
ary framing members, and a skin plate. Trolley gates are
suspended from trolleys running on an overhead rail and
beam supported by the floodwall as shown in Figure 3-9.
The gates are opened and closed by a winch arrangement
A storage building is not required.
Requires small storage space.
Is suitable for railroad closures because required
vertical clearances for railroads are fixed.

Open I no Width

Wall Supported Monoral I

Trol ley

000 0 0
00
0
wire rope wire rope

Top of Gate Ratchet Holst

& Wall

Latch Latch

Seal 51 I I

Figure 3·9. Trolley gate

3·9
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Disadvantages: A guide member at the base of the gate may be

Slope of the ground adjacent to the closure
opening must allow adequate clearance to open the gate.
- May be rendered inoperative due to permanent
overhead support members being damaged by vehicles or
other sources, or removable overhead support members or
their anchorages being damaged during removal or place-
ment operations.
required to support the gate against wind loads during
opening and closing operations.
c. Prefabricated stoplogs and gates. Prefabricated
stoplogs and gates are commercially available and are
usually more cost effective for closure structures with
small openings.

3·10

Chapter 4
Structural Analyses and Design
4-1. Stress Criteria
a. Concrete. Criteria for the design of reinforced
concrete elements of the closure structures are given in
EM 1110-2-2104.
b. Structural steel. Criteria for the design of struc-
tural steel closure gates shall be based on the provisions
given in EM 1110-2-2105. Design for the normal (usual)
load cases shall limit the allowable stress to 5/6 of the
allowable given in AISC (1986). This "5/6" modification
factor is used because Corps criteria require a higher
safety factor for hydraulic structures than AISC uses for
building design. Allowable stresses 1/3 greater then the
normal stresses shall be used for load cases that include
water to the top of the closure, wind, earthquake, or short
duration loads. Load and resistance factor design criteria
for structural steel closure gates are provided in EM 1110-
2-2105 and AISC (1986).
c. Structural aluminum. The design of aluminum
shall be based on the provisions of the Aluminum Associ-
ation (1986). The allowable stress shall be limited to 5/6
of the basic values given therein for normal load cases.
This allowable stress should be increased by 1/3 for
design cases that include water to the top of closures,
wind, earthquake, or short duration loads.
4-2. Loading Criteria
Load cases II through 14, given in Chapter 4 of
EM 1110-2-2502 for the design of inland flood walls,
shall be used for the design of closure structures. An
additional load case, Case 15, is included for the design of
the gate hinges and support structure for swinging gates.
These load cases are described below. Load cases for
closure structures loaded in coastal areas are given in
Table 4-3 of EM 1110-2-2502.
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94
a. Case IJ, Design flood load. Closure in the closed
position; water level on the unprotected side at the design
flood level (top of wall less freeboard); water level on the
unprotected side at or below the gate sill elevation.
b. Case I2, Maximum flood load. Same as Case II
except water level is at the top of the closure on the
unprotected side.
c. Case I3, Earthquake load. Water level at the
usual water elevation during the nonflood stage; earth-
quake-induced lateral and vertical loads are acting. (Note:
This case is applicable to support structures only.)
d. Case 14, Short-duration loading. Closure is sub-
jected to short-duration loads with the gate in any posi-
tion. The gate should be designed for a wind load of
15 psf during opening and closing and for a wind load as
specified in EM 1110-2-2502 when the gate is in the
closed position. Other special loads may be necessary for
closures in hurricane flood structures to ensure safe opera-
tion during gate closures. For example, gates could be
subjected to storm wave loadings during gate closing
operations if gate closure is delayed as long as possible to
allow for the movement of railway traffic during a storm.
e. Case I5, Gate swinging. Hinged gate of a gate
closure in any position; subjected to dead load only.
4-3. Design Analysis Criteria
The design analysis criteria for closure structures are
presented in detail in the design examples included in
Appendices B through F. Provisions for designing and
determining the stability of supporting posts, walls, and
sills of closures are not included in this guidance.
Chapters 4 and 5 of EM 1110-2-2502 should be referred
to for overturning and sliding stability requirements.
Flotation criteria are given in EM 1110-2-3104. The
design of pile foundations should comply with the criteria
in EM 1110-2-2906.
4-1

Chapter 5
Appurtenant Components
5-1. Gate Operating Equipment
Gate operating equipment includes motorized vehicles,
winches, latches, wire rope, hooks, sheaves, snatch blocks,
and other appurtenances. These items should be provided
as prescribed herein and as needed for the operation of
closure structures.
5-2. Seal Assemblies
Rubber seals should be of the type suitable for the partic-
ular application. Seal assemblies should be designed to fit
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94
the configuration of the gates and gate sills. Hinged
bottom seal assemblies, similar to the details shown in
Plate 10 are adaptable to uneven or broken sill configura-
tions. This seal assembly is raised to clear the roadway
grade during gate movements to prevent damage to the
rubber seals.
5-3. Embedded Metals
Embedded structural steel bearing plates and anchorages
must be provided as required for the installation of gates
and appurtenances. Embedded seal plates shall be gal-
vanized steel, stainless clad steel, or solid stainless steel
for the prevention of corrosion. The edges of embedded
seal plates should extend approximately 2 in. beyond the
sealing surface.
5-1
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Chapter 6
Corrosion Protection

6·1. Criteria

Criteria for corrosion protection of metals are given in

EM 1110-2-21-5 and EM 1110-2-3400.

6·1
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

CLOSURE STRUCTl.fIE 't

S'tlolMETRlCAI. A90UT It I
I
II
1'.0"-",
~'-o"
".0" $ ....
1 POST. POCKET
12'·0- I

Al
ltTRACK
, II
I 7·...

DEFLECTORt'TE
'II
1- 4'E1.·"O"~ I . I
~ I

I :
-..._-- J
~ '- l - i'\.../ I
Z ~lT,
".
A- - -- t-l-'
I
-- ...i..

TI I }
- -..,;
i
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~
'--EL"O'--... I
I '" ~AIWOfj
..·n ... • "... S"~1IZ.
".S' "'' 'W" II
WETSlDE ,...1
I
PLAN Ir
II
,
I
"!"WALL

4'.. 112"

11'·1"

e
"'T'T-'-"lr-~

A ELEVATION
lSCoIl.f" ... ·.1·....

OIo-TE CLOsUIIU
UlCAI. Fl.OOD PROTECTION PROJECTS
TYPICAL s'TQPl.OG CLOSuRE

OEPARTMENr OF nlE ARIolV

. . U.& ARMY CORPS OF ENGIhEEIIS
"WASHINGTOH, Il-C.
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

.IQlJ:
"'-1_ _
WoIU AiC&!Slllolllll'lllT

SIW.I. UI: 101_ SMlE

_WIII'ICM.
PUNE.

n-'-·1L"- SPEClM. AlUU. IEClUO

(M.UII. M.LOV lI075-...
_IY011EFISl

SECTIONAL ElEVo\TION AT CENTERLINE POST DETAil

~ 1·•• ·00" SCALE, , ••, ....

0 _ CLOSURE'
LOCM.1'LOClO MlOl'IC1ICIN I'RQlElrnl

1VI'lC.IL I T _Cl.OIUAlllIToILS I
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

EMBEDDED POCKET WrrH POST IN PLACE

SCALE: , .

DETAIL 2
SCIILE: 1·.1·..•

aAMP ANCHOR ASSEMBLY

SCAa": _

weDGe DETAIL
8CALI.: 1112-.1'''·

GOT£Cl.OSU_
L.<lC£L 11.000 ""~PROJEl:T&
'lYPlCOL &TOI'I.oo Q.OSUAE ""TAU'

DII'U_TDF1HE_
•
U.II._ COIOPS "" _aRa
WA&lNnON,D.C.
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

MOLDED OR EXTRUCB)
lIUIlIIER INlIERT FIWOA
lI.ocu.

I'LA'TE BY ""NOIlO~
OR~O_

--t
• I
. . . . .·MOLDEDOA
EXTRUDm II\l88E1l

HOLDPOWN
l,\IJ8CllEWS

PETAIL 1

....
MIL NlifMAI Y
_~3".,

SECTION
SCALes·••·...•

C1ATlii CLOSUflES
LOeAL FUlOD PlI011iCTION PAO.IECT
"'-'._Cl.OIUIII gll'..... 'M

DEPARn8+TOFTr4E _ _
•
u.s. ARM'/" caRPS OF ENOINEEIl
WASHINlJTON. D.C.
~
w

-1

a
01
..H
.. ::
!!!f

~~

•
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

PLAN

, ..
NOTE: Si:C11ON A-A IS SIiOMrI ON PLA'rE!i

ELEVATION
SCOl.E: IIIZ·.\·..•
....Tli CL,OSUIIES
l.CIeAI. FLOOD PAOriCnON PFlOJECTS
TV'~LCWUlIt\NG&DiTlIll.St

_ Di'","",iIlTOFTHiAl!lotV
IiIiI U.S-ARMY COlU'$ OI'ENQlNEEAS
WIoSHINQTON. D.C.
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

REQUIRED LIST
~K NO. Flea. DESCRIPTION MIITl:RlAl EST. wr (LIIS. EA.) U$fOWlTH ReMMII(S

=:
t311 1 USHING ON! 13/13 AS I M 022 IJNS we C~' aoo
1312 1 STAlIU:SSS L MTloI AVe TYPE XM1 Q
13/3 1 CRES 13/2
1314 1 WASI£R 13/8 MTIUl22l.tlS NO. V13lXl
I:M 1 I..,. .CUI_
1M 1 t:ll7 AS 6TYPentlg

air
1:w7 1 PEDEn: 8 PLATE Ii" NH..ESS STEEL 271 In ASTUIl.210
1M 20 ANCHORBOL 'A
1M l 10 1e TMA-Ile
13/10 AS RElI'Il
, t! 10
11M PLA"", L
401
~;; MTUA-3I

13/12 10 LAte: STEEL 3S 131t! IASTM ..4&

13/13 1 CVUNOER STEEL fi 13/1 :~:::,u""uc B all
1:1114 1 l Ie
tarA e I :11&',x.
:III'lID:NllIlOl.Tl:lllA"IHII 10' RcNo'cA I""" .",,.,,,
13/11 , wtHl!lWVH!X NUTIW_
GREASE SEAl."Hllli1 NO. •_ ~ COMMEI\CIAl GRACE
C.R1ND. MAPf'. EOUAllO.O'O.O.
131e
1MJ
2
20
_.FrrnHQI'.·..PT moE
1 .....,11I " " ' _ tID -.T II~"IHD 101 "=NolcA dIU .HIN...
",,,,,,..""NElC
IET _ _K NU1IW_R
_T
13/E a 1 ,,,.. ua- o.ASS os _ _ NUlS
SltoE\. STMA.,125

1311' 2 I ~A5t: StoAt "C.RJND. I .r~ ""......t t3IlO33"-3.lIQ' lo.iUMMC"CIAl " .....uc
l.ll.OR API'. EOUAl.
1)'G 10 "n"l(IU<'12~"tIDLGI SEE NOTE A 1ut'I1I....E
WI HEAVY HEX WIlT I A . A T _
NOli ••, UT........., ClASS 1~._ . .IlClR _ _"TII
IlII1WAS.... A'.. moE_QIl.."._WIlEX.NUlS.
NOTE: QlJANTlTlEB SHOWN ARE FOR ONE GATE ONLV.
NOTE: '."~$TliEL_""'._~E_.

..
......., tHNOE

:::J3"ENT< ~ .. ,.... t .. U4I-

.. ......
"·0·
...
Jl 1'''-
111"l!:n.
I'
~

~~
Ii ~
..
:III~ '"'" ~~
~
:

--
.~ rr~UST"
1No\6HE !
1/1

~ ;,
two.....'"). w~ ~~ 1-rJ ~ ~ ~ :: ~ ~

~' ..
OUTER CV\.INllEA
8EAANO PEOESTAL ~
"I ."
PEOesr... _ '12 ~ SEAI..\
t·II>' ~
~ 10
EI. .....o-

1112·..A _ t -
_ITW) .. '" -~

rp SECTION
8C.'.1£ 1 tIl".-~·

GATS CI.O$URIlS
LQO.Il.I'\.OOlI "",",CTlON PAClJECTS
TYPlCAllOWEFl HIllGE DETlIILS 11
HOTE: TKt~TAI"'~ ott fttlSDIIA#ftIIlG wEAl
uRg Nt,,"AIT COANOfI eflGlN!tlj8 OIIIGM
TteIM lVPIICM. CITNLS &AE f'LIllIII&ItED~ . . C1iPMl'nl9II'OIF
u.s. _ _THE _v
Ol'ENGINEER.
tJ#ORMATIO*lONl"- ANO M*'f' I'IOTCOIlII!!PCNID
WAS....GTOl,D.C.
-"llH THI!! Cfl;nUIA ¥lOOecaG'll EIW,PI.ft
11Ic;llJC)fl)'" ilIltPVlDIOEIII-t
'I.ATiS
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

IETSCREWS
14 EA.IIOE)

f:r:&~';i""-·I---+~r'

,"..,. 1 lIZ·

HOlt: SECTION U ISSHO¥IN ON PLAT'E 7

PLAN

ELEVATION
I 'IZ·,"./I'
ICALi

~ <lAT'E CLO$lMES
I. All. STEEL 0\$1101 "'O\N.ESS aTH_ NClI£D. lOCAl. FI.OOO PAOTEC11c»lI'AOJECTS
2. nESE PUTSS TO lIE . _ UlTllASONlC T'ESTED
fOA~nC»lS. TYPICALlI'PER.-E DliTAlLS I
DEPAR_OI' _ _

III U.s._CORPSOFENGlNEERS
Wo\$HfoIGTClN, D.C.

PUT'EO
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

io- FACE OF AIlUIMENT '-IINGE

1M "SHIMS
CASAEQ'DI ""1/1'" I ,',,:114"

NOTES;
GATE Ct.08UAES
I. AU STEELASTUA3IUNlESSOTHEA'MSENCTED.
2. THESE PLATES TO BE ,.'"' IIIT!lASONIC TESTED LOCAL FLOOD PlIOTECT1ON PROJECTS
FOR lAWUITIONS. T'IPICAL _ER HINGE DETAILS n

NOTE: TI4IiDETAIlSSHOWNONTHISDlIAWNlWEllE _ _ OFTHE_V

USED INA PAST CORPS OF _EllS OESION.
THESE T'lPICAl DETAILS ARE FU_HEO 'FOIl u.s. _
COIU'S OF ENGINEERS
INFOINATlONONLY" ~ YAYNOTCOARESI'ONIl • _ O N . D.C.
WITH THE CAJTEAIA IHD OESlON EXAMPLES
INCLUDED IN APPENDICes &-E.
PLATE 7
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

LAVOUT OF GATE SEAL

N.I.s.

lVPlCAb FIXED BOTTOM SEAl..

ICAL£: ,.,....

~
I. llLl.51EfLA3TMA3t._ESSOTHE_NCnID
2.N..LSEALIIOI.TSIlNDNurs~.EeAB. QAT!eLClIlJIIE.$
a, ",i"-'S1'OHo.yE IOTO 10 llUROIlIETEA_W.
LOCIl.II.OOO I'IIClIEC1ION JI9lCllEClS
I'IPIQ\L - . '&TALS.

1'1.Io1£1
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

... , ..

llIlU. ..... OIA. tIOLI5

FOA '/2·0'" 80L15

II" 4'

LATCH END

... .
'.,
,0

.. .. .." ....-. ....

~' ... ·4 .' ,

... ..
2" lIZ"
~

., '. ..
0 '

. '

W2'J'f\MGE

Ii I'''· ~ .
• 1'2·

HINGE END
ICH.E: .".'

TYPICAL VERTICAL SIDE SEAL OETALS QIo.1E CLllIlM8

~OCAL"'OOIIPIlOTICTICIII_fS

~_D€TIlU'
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

.........,..

W11 ..... PlATE

.. RAISED POS'TJQH
".· .... _ _'1...""""
NO. _.OA_v£O £QIlAl.
_OlD H(AW IlIJT'lI CUIIlS DID FITlWG
_ASTEJI,c.olllllO. "...1:11. C."_OIIfD
IECWl.
~'·IIjlD.l1'IPj
___.....---_UIlQl,E
SIU. PUlTE

TYPICAL RETFlACTABLE SOTTOM SEAL

Go\lECLO&UIlE!I
LCCAL.fUlOD_TK1'lClH _1$
lYJIIC.... -.OE1A11.1l.,
SCAlE:3'.r-<lO
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

:.
..t

...
o o·

o
••

p-
.
•
.. • 0

.......•
,-
r-= ClLLAICH

fUTEWASM£A
..
.&-----1--' ._I.;:_~_~_~_~-_-:.~-_~ ....... ,...
p-

....-.. -
o

n
ELEVATION
L .. --_..-...... -
---";j

•• .,.• • III . : •

SECTION AT GIL OF LATCHING DEVICE

S<:ALE:~· .I'oV

LATCHING DEVICE
1CM.!:)".r ....

OATE Q,O$UAE$
L.OCAI. _ MOfl!e1l(JN f'AQl£C1lI
M'ICOL ...._ ~ALlII

HOTE: nEPETAU_ONlHIS _ _ WEAE

US£D IN A'ASf COllI'S Ol' I_EtAS DesIGN. DEPAflNENlOFTNE_
nESE 1Y"CA~ ll£IAIlS AIlE FURI<I6ItED °fOR u."-.MMY CQIII,.OF BrKIftEERS
INFCMMTIOH ON...... NIO ....V NOI COflAESI'\lOlD • Wf'SHlNOT(IlI. D.C.
W11H _CRlfIRIANiDDE$lON """"'IIS
~UDED ...'flENDiCES & lHROUGH E.
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

r
,.. ....

II
O•
..
..
UPPER LATCH
sc..lE;s· ••··v

..
If'.. 3'0 - JII ANCHOllIlOD.
I"

I
..•
_ST_TIl.C.R.S.

. . I
0
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-
• 0
:.-

. I :.& i-:OJ
"-
II
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(- '0'01'_86'" 7 ' ¢H

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===_:=1
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.
.
..
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-I'"

r
LOWEALATCH
SCM.l:~··.'··r

LATCHING DEVICE
SC~:r.1·-r

00\'JIi CI.Cl6UllES
I.OCAL R._PIlO11iCTlCM PAQjECT$
TI'PlCIIL LATCH DETMUlI

PLATE II
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

plAQQNAI BRAGe P'AGBAM ts' U )

SClU,_

A END SECTION

NOTES,
1. A _ _ OI'lIlIOAft _ _DAII .~1WGOF_ GAQ;S\JCH1MAT
_""IiliiINOIS~OF"'''' .• -.YE DElUllTION OF "'ELW IS CI"
tlWHICII_ TOPDF_ FA" _IlMOYED _~_T""SI<"""Q;SIDE
MUoTft/E TO"!M!IOI'TClII. _ _ IIIIDI! 01' TIC DER.~1S TIC MoIClUNT
rrMICMlIli OIIIiU..OI$OUTOF",.... I S _ .. _ SKETCH'" 1>,

ll. _ _ OIOOONAUl_llClHmlEll. TltE"llIHMl.H T _ UP JUSTTOlHE

I'Ottr _Ni All. OF TMi SUlCIIIlI ASIolCIY&O _ . VIIt~SlIOIll'TI'HSION
PlSlS.CAIlE &HMI.1li _ O T O _ _T_ M1Cl1M'OFTlIS Nl'1AI.
T81S1ON1I AS IMo\U. loa --'1. _SUlCI( _iii _ D E _ 'rON
_YED INDTIlDW.,(JROIIIFAClM'III!Q/lTE.ND
A~SlIAU.IE"_nlllBlCMi _"IOHTWi~s.toO WICllWIJ.
Al.WA'IS EllISfINTHEllI-.._ OF lIS DEo<OWiIGHT.

....'lSQ.OIIUIlSS
LOCIl.I'I.OOO PAOr&eTJ(lH PRl'loIEGTs
TYP~ DWJONIII. PAES'IlIESSINO
"OTI!SI
_ D £ P ~ O F __
IIIU
_a.. D.C.
U.I. MlAVCON'I Clf'ENOtlEEOIS

PLATE ,oA
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

IIE'IIlOD OF 'IlESTFI!SSNQ OIAOQN.\LS

•. _ _ .... lIIAllCNolLS_ SUl:It.

I. UUICATC 1IC1\IlNUCIClh al M OIlOOIIoILS so m;'( CIH

tuRNIlIISI.Y.
.. -.maRlA1H&._ _ IIWl.IlI'UCEOClH ....
~AIoIII_OFIOHIl'iFON_RSIlCI.IH.US
»t _ _ K"ETTNCI OlEM9ITBUAO.

" _ - ' - _ I I T O F _ _ OIl_.ntlOATI'MU.

DDLICTINA_IlIlECT1C1O_Il$OWN ~M,(lIff.
'* DILKTlCN lilt........ "
1olEJlUIED.

I. _UJlIIIIloILL._D AT TIE .......OIol OF ns ROEE EHO.

_A_C11I'1LU«1_SlUUK I'l.ACiD ATTWi
TCPOF1H& 1'1& BID.
.. 1olOVS ,",""iIi_T_ _ ~n SlOElMIa. TIEl£¥'
110\$ A llElUicmoH IN A _TM: llIRECl'ION EQWll. TO '" AT
TMlTOP.

7. _DTIII _ _ 1IllIIliN ou. 00:_ OI..-s. THiSE

-.1IloILL.T1GNI8/EDSOTllATMN;ISNOH"'"lllNT",
_.IiCl,.,--WIL\.II_E'JO_ .... 1 $ _
'IIImIlAL_
1 . ~ " M 1 O l ' m r lEAF_GUYS.

.._WIllI ,""J_AT THE SOlTOIol OF11IE FIIEE IN)

WlII.A-.-DtBCIIT_. _ _ TIll llPEllATlOIl.
1ICIOIloBTIIE/fTOFOI_.'.'._,'MIL _ .EC!Wl<lIfD.
_ _INllOF-.sI,4,_AWU.E_
\.NIL _.ASUllHtTINSlClNlNTIli MIi"_~91THEDATE
.1Nn.-'Illi"'Eaml~

.1. _tlIE_SSNlOl'SJ04TlCN,AS_
WliDTO _ WU,E
IN _ _ALS.T""..-..

ML~S1lOP$ .. _ CIAOCiNJI.SW_ "'ames.....

IHU II lit• •I'll
tl. .....,.NrOFntliD-...THlDU'II _
_ ""IL. _ _ THIlQATES-"O R~TOA

~~. ADaB:TICNOFI'LUSCII-.s,,,·WIl.L
II n-.nD AT TIE GATl'$AQ;IEND.

••. FIN.OI.S_SSIll.....I S S ~_oIYTHECCIITAACTHl

OFRCEA.llMU.lE UOD Psl-.u NID ••._ " , _.... AlA
MJ.IILIGOIW.S.

DATE CI.OSUIIiS
LOCAl. R.ODD PAOItC'llCl'll'AWiCTS
T'II'lC.4I._I'N!.,.,.ESSING
IlOTEa.

IVoTE ,,"
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

.. QATEllHD
• '",UCTURE
I~
•
I
•
I
•
",.... I
I

." ",
/' "t'--
,

PLAN
SCALI: -.1'.0-

lMMOI Y
• iI:'''~l:::tZ:':'"Aor-----------';;'::~:------------4
I. '!'I ......a:..a.. .........
....lm~T
I"i'\ -TOI'oJllAll!
~.
"
II

ItZ'l!III"I'I..'TI ...

rOlA.llEJI
WIT_\ICICUi

ELEVATION
ICALI: '12 ·.t·....
IlAlta..-
LOCM. Fl.OOlll'l101EC1lllN ",WIC'S
-.-._IIAT'E
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

I
I
./·.--------i
/ .',
./ .II '

PLAN gF MITER DETAILS

K<'U: '·.1·...

".. • .... '0.8

I/2·SENT .....TE
CONTINUOO5

SECT10N
SCALE: '~".I'oO'

GATE Q,OSLMES
LCCllLR.llOD _ _ PllQIfGTS

TYI'ICo\L.-t1ill Gl.TE DErM.S ,

!'L'TE 15
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

pLAN OF rATER CONTACT BLOCKS

at~" '·.I'~

QJl.TEc:l.OSlJAliS
LOC~ R.OOD P!<OI'iC:1lON_1$

TI'I'lCAI. MrrEft ClATi

_ DEP~CFTNE_

U8 u.s. AllAY COAl'S OfF' ENOIlEEAS

_m.,o.c.

""TEll
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

CLC8UN1 IIOMOLITH

HOlE'"
I. _ClHClIlILf$IOOlC.Tl!~OFCMl.E_YlL.
I. 'rEMAn; I. CMl.U.v.u.lli AlT.oI;_ TO. TRue«-
-.o«IiO_OIlea-cnD~YTO_._CH
.~1D~1NIi _ _.
3. _ _N..'IBlMAlE
_ _v_ _ $lULl.
I. lIIIL£ ooarn.IE_
AT_f _ 10A _
UlEOTOIWlllMLV

_~ClATIi.

LUMl5IDt: YIQ¥

toTllUClC
(M.rIi_TIi'1
_CMLEI'L
IlIlACICLE lItO
_TQlILQQ<

_E:_
ROlliNG GATES (l·FRAMEj
OAlEQ._S
LOCN..1'\OClO 'IOlII1iOTlOIl PIlOlIi eTS

GATE OP-.:l OET....S t

EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

AM:IlS<DE_

UHDGIDIi_

ROlUNG GATE WITH STABILIZING TROLLEYS

SCALE:NClNE

NOflilI'
' . . . - ON CIollLE$I<OICATE lMAECTlC»l 01 CAllE 1lIAYB..
I. FClA,..TEIIlATE t, CAllE SHo\ll.IE ATTilCIR TO AlIlUCIC-
_ _P _ OIlCCNlCClI<P .-cn.VTOlllUCK. WIIC~
II USED 1'0 I'W.. 'IWC GATE OPIN.
S. FOIlALTE_TE2.CMlIIHIILLIEATTNlHEOTOA_
'EllMoIIoIl!NT\.V-.HrEOtwSlfE, _~I$UlliPTO"_V
0PiN l'Wi QAn.

OATEQ._S
LOCAL R.0Cl0 fA<1TCCTDI 'IIOo,IECTS
GATE _ _M.SS

PUTE"
 EM 111 0-2-2705
31 Mar 94

NClri1l;
1. _ _ ON 0MU5 _ n DIIlEl:TICINQFCMl.ETIlA1I9..
t. _ ....TI!_n •• CMLIilHoIIl.IE.-rTAClEOTO ...TAVCI<·
-.wrEO_CIl C<IlNEt:fEO IlIlEOltYT01llUClC, \II/IlICH
ISlMEDTOPW. TNEQATE ClJ05Bl.
s. _"'~TI!t.CoOIllI!&Ho\lI..IAnM:H!DTOA _ CI._MQolCUTII
_ VIlOIMTEDONS/T£. WItCH_ UllIOTO_IUV WN:.. C..... 'l.
Q.OIII; I'1E GlO1E. IWJQ(L1i lIND
.. NtlILc..kIi ...nAC...MB TOLS HCMLI SNATCH 1l0Cl(
I'IA1E.CAII.& -.LM"""ACIEllTO_'Anca.c IUTI! GATEllAL$
AS lII<AOa>" _ OP_llCN!I ONI) IlIAIIITDWtCE WANLUL

LAND5IDE VIEW

ROWNG GATES IL·FflAMEl

SCIOL£:IIONE

OATliCl.OSUMI
LOColLR.OOO I'IlaIECTOO ~
GATE CLDltIO _ ..... I

PLATE'I'
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

''''5'RfYQ'

UNp,"P,YI·
ROLLING GATE WITH STABILIZING TROLLEVS
SCOLE: NONE

NOfES:
I. _llNCAIlLElIIlDICATI_CIF CMl.ETAAvB..
•. _ "'~ATE ,.CAlIlUllALLRAnACHliOTOAl1lUCl<-
_ 1 0 WlNCIl OIl CCMlEC1liD DIlECl\.YTO - . ....."'"
IS U!l&D TO I'W. 1HE om CLOSED.
'" FQIl.ILTE_TE2.CMl.ESlW.LBEAnACIlEDTOAWNCIl
PE_I/lI.YIIOUlTiDCINll~. WMCH lS USED TO"~Y
CLOSE_GATE.
A. NTUlLCAIlI.E ATTAC_1lITO LEADNG END WtlCHCAIlI.E
I'l.ATE.CAIILE$........EATT_fOTOI~EDIATEC EIUTE
AS D_D NTIlE Cll'ERA'IlONS.'lD~ UoII..

C1ATECLOSU_
LoeM. R.OCO PllOTECTIQIl PAOJEClS
GATE CLOSING DElAO U

m
~ _ DET"lLSSll.-.llN THIS DRAWlNG_E DEJ'IJINENT OF 1M.........
IlIID N. PAST CORPS O f _ S DESlON.
MSE MtCM. DETALS ARE FUltlISHED'FOIl
• u.s. __ CORPS OF ~"EERs
.._TICIllllNLY" _ MAYNOT COIlllE$PONll WAS-,"llN.DC
_HTHE CR"" AND DlSlOW Ii........a
-.UDED N ENlllCEt II moouGllli.
 !

I ----li-.uM - - - I I
~
I I I ;
I I I
:
J I: •
I
RfMItWVIa.DI

~ L __ _ 1I
E
I
I - - iii<llo -I r. ~
z ;'ii
o.

,
I 1 I
t...........+-i.~p.1.;o'-.;o--=-=-:::-:::-:.;-:.;-==-:,:!~I:Eji+T- !
r----itiwA----j I
!~ ~i
rl.
'IY
lj.,
1
=
u ..
I fIOilIlIlMlMCI.l1~ I ~
II _ _ I I
Ilj
~
!

;
- ~
I
I
fIOWHlMa • ~ I I
1 I
:
a ~ L---------~ I
~ e+IIH;I:-;,::-.;o-=-:::ii":::,,",:';-==-:=-=-~"IE!'I'!+-.... I
d
g
I 1:
d
._!~~.
."
:
----.ltiliM----,.
1

I.;,
I I
I ~
-NI-l--;;=;;4~''''''--j-rl++-!"I!i~- -~-------
'~~=~.:~~.~. ~~~. .~.;t.,
"' ...
.....
0'"
~:I
0.-
E~
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

GAmINO. I
QAT1:"'R.IAfII).
..-tr
To: .... :~:=: {.. ti,"

i Utel
.MY
SECT1ClIW. PINI

1:._
rp~~71

iFJiA-a.... GA"""""
LOCM.ROOD~PAOJEC1'8
TYPICALIQ&.MOATE
..-
1IIP""""""OFTH!NWt
u.a.NVtOON'lCF~
• WAIHIICI'roH,Q.C.
SEAL DETAIL AT LEADING END BAT1!.r~~VIEW
--'-"""""'-111
.. !~
~ ~

~
~ ~
Zl.lj..jll--H-il r l
!:
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Appendix A (1) EM 1110-2-2104.

Checklist for Structural Design of
(2) EM 1110-2-2105.
Closure Structures
(3) EM 1110-2-2703.

A-1. Reconnaissance Phase (4) EM 1110-2-2502.

a. Visit site with design team. (5) EM 1110-2-2906.

b. With project design engineer, determine general c. With project design engineer, refine opening
opening size. dimensions.

c. With project design engineer, geotechnical engi-
neer, hydraulic engineer, construction engineer, and opera-
tions engineer, assess potential alternatives using historical
data and engineering judgment as to their practicality to
construct, operate, and maintain.
(1) Reduce width to minimum.
(2) Raise sill elevation as high as possible.
(3) Determine sill and approach slab geometry.

(1) Ungated closure, sandbag closures, ramps, etc. (4) Determine overhead clearance.

(2) Stoplog closure. (5) Determine sight distance and geometry.

(3) Gated closure. (6) Determine requirements for sidewalks and

guardrails.
d. Identify structural engineering and design efforts
and costs for the feasibility phase. d. With project design engineer, assess alternatives
and propose best alternative.
A-2. Feasibility Phase
(1) Stoplogs.
a. Request foundation information from geotechnical
engineer. (2) Panels.

(1) Angle of internal friction. (3) Miter gate.

(2) Cohesion. (4) Overhead trolley gate.

(3) Adhesion. (5) Swing gate.

(4) Unit weight of soil. (6) Roller gate.

(5) Allowable bearing pressure. (7) Double gate.

(6) Modulus of subgrade reaction. (8) Other gate.

(7) Top of rock elevation. e. Prepare preliminary design to the level necessary
to prepare a baseline cost estimate. Present design to
(8) Groundwater elevation. project engineer to be given to cost engineer.

(9) Pile foundation data. (1) Design main structural members.

b. Determine design criteria, design assumptions, and (2) Size abutments and sill and perform stability
load cases. analysis.

A-1
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94
(3) Prepare preliminary pile design if needed.
(4) Prepare quantities.
f Identify structural engineering and design efforts
and costs for preparing design memorandum (DM) and/or
plans and specifications (P&S).
g. With engineers from other Engineering Division
elements and Construction Division, establish design and
construction schedule.
h. Provide input for feasibility report to project
engineer.
(1) Technical basis for selection of gate and abut-
ments including general configuration, material, and
foundation.
(2) Criteria and assumptions.
(3) Design computations.
(4) Brief description of any additional special analy-
ses required for DM and/or P&S.
A·3. Design Memorandum
a. Review design criteria, design assumptions, and
load cases.
(1) EM 1110-2-2104.
(2) EM 1110-2-2105.
(3) EM 1110-2-2502.
(4) EM 1110-2-2703.
(5) EM 1110-2-2906.
b. Continue design.
(1) Refine sill configuration.
(2) Design secondary structural members.
(3) Refine foundation pile design.
(4) Design reinforcing steel for abutments and sill.
(5) Design other appurtenances.
A·2
(6) Coordinate design with Safety and Security
offices.
(7) Verify availability of materials.
(8) Check criteria, assumptions, and computations.
c. Provide input for design memorandum to project
engineer.
(1) List basic data and criteria used.
(2) Prepare computations to determine use, adequacy,
shape, and stability of critical sections.
(3) Participate in value engineering studies.
A·4. Plans and Specifications
a. Complete design.
(1) Design details.
(2) Refine and verify dimensional details.
(3) Complete drawings.
(4) Provide technical input for specifications.
(5) Prepare quantities and submit to project engineer
to be forwarded to cost engineer.
(6) Check computations, plans, specifications, and
quantities.
(7) Revise in accordance with review comments.
b. Participate in value engineering studies.
c. Provide technical assistance to other members of
design team as requested.
A·5. Construction Phase
a. Review shop drawings.
b. Make site visits as scheduled and required.
c. Provide assistance in Requests for Information,
claims, and modifications when requested.
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

d. Provide input into operation and maintenance b. Modify as-built drawings.

manual.
c. Review operational drawings.
e. Prepare as-built drawings.
d. Correct project deficiencies as required.
A-6. Operations Phase
e. Evaluate and design replacement features as
Depending on Local Cooperative Agreement and project required.
purpose:

a. Participate in periodic inspections.

A-3

Appendix B
Stoplog Design Examples
The opening for the closure in this example is 47 ft, 4 in.
wide by 4 ft, 4 in. high. The closure will be designed
using aluminum stoplogs (Example B.l.a.) and steel stop-
logs (Example Rl.b.).
Load Cases:
The load cases given in EM 1110-2-2502 for inland
floodwalls were taken into consideration. The only signif-
icant case for design was found to be case 12.
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94
Case 12, Maximum Flood Loading. Stoplogs are in place,
water on the unprotected side is at top of closure, water
on protected side is at or below the top of sill. Design
stresses for aluminum shall not exceed 1.11 times the
allowable stresses given in Aluminum Association, Inc.
(1986). Design stresses for steel shall not exceed
1.11 times the allowable stresses given in AISC (1989).
The stoplogs are designed as simple beams spanning the
openings between posts and the openings between walls
and posts. Intermediate posts are designed as cantilever
beams fixed at the sill.
B-1
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

EXAMPLE B.1.a.(ALUMINUM).

6.50"

y A=7.48,lx=93.57
I
ly=31.96, SX=22.35
0.3125· Weight=8.71b1ft
Mat'I:6061-T6

x------_ -------x
0.1875"

II
I
y

STOPLOG SECTION

6.00"
A=14.06, 1x=231.1
~ - yI ·1
2
d
I
-Y---r---+-- .....-----+1-----.
ly=43.3, ry =1.75
S1=53.8, S2=40.5
Weight=17.1Ib1ft

0.50· Marl: 2014·T6

-------------- ----x

I. 8.00"

POST SECTION
.1

8·2
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

EXAMPLE B.1.a.(ALUMINUM)

STOPLOG:
WaO.1376k1ft, L.Post Spacing=12.00·
M=WL218=2.477k-ft=29.724k-in
V.WU2.0.1376x1212=0.8261<

All Specillcatlons Listed Below Are From

0.2708 Table 3.3.27 Of Aluminum Assoclation, Inc. (1986).

ks'
Stoplog Load

Specification 1: Flexural Tension A1lowable:19.00ksl

(Nonwekled Member)
Note: The Allowable Stress For Welded Aluminum
Is About 50% Less Than The Nonwelcled Member
Specification 15: Compression In Flange Lips.
blt=(1.75-o.3125)1'0.3125=4.6 <6.8, Fbc =21ksl
Specification 16: Compression In Range, Both Edges Supported.
bL..1.75-0.3125.1.4375", b, ..(6.5-2xO.3125-o.1875)12=2.844"
b,/3=O.948"<bL o.k.
b,It=2.844/0.3125=9.1<21, Fbc =21ksi
Specification 18: Compression In Web.
hIt=(8.375-2XO.312S)/0.187S=41.33<46, Fbc =28ksi

'b=M!Sx=29.724/22.35=1.33ksi, Fb=1.11x19=21.09ksi>' b o.k.

's=O.8261(8.375XO.18375)=O.5261<si Shear Is Negligible.

THIS STOPLOG SECTION PROVIDES AN OVERDESIGN. HOWEVER, IT IS

AVAILABLE FROM THE USING AGENCY'S INVENTORY AND CAN
BE EASILY INSTALLED BY MANUAL LABOR. IT WILL BE USED.

B·3
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

EXAMPLE B.1.a.(ALUMINUM)

1075"

~ -----------V
I I Wedge
Bearing
Plate @ I
I
I
I
@ITop
B°ttrm I Post A
. At I
I
I _t
I I
I I
I I

I~----;------~
/

Pocket Armor ~
PLAN-POST IN POCKET

Wedge

Top of Sill Post

Pocket Armor -----r

C.L. of Brg.
Bearing Plate Plate

SECTIONA·A

8-4
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

EXAMPLE B.1.a.(ALUMINUM)

INTERMEDIATE POST:
M-7.042xl.694..11.93k·fl=143.16k-ln
V..ll.929k

Topol AI Speclllc:alions Usted Below Are From

SiR Table 3.3.8 01 Aluminum Assoclatlon, Inc. (1986).

18.971k ~
11.929k

POST LOADING

Specification 1: Rexural Tension Allowable-25ksi

Specification 11: Rexural Compression.
Lb=4.333+1.25=5.583'=6T. Lblry-67/1.75-38>19
fix: =36.300.23x38-27.56ksi
Specification 18: Compression in Web.
h=10·, t w =O.SO·, hItw =20<43, Fbw =41ksi
Specification 20: Web Shear.
hIl w =20<32, Fs=19ksi

Ib=MlS2..143.16140.5=3.53ksi. Fb=I.11x25-27.75ksi>1 b o.k.

fs =11.929/(10xO.5)=2.3B6ksi, Fs=I.llxI9=21.09ksl>f s o.k.

THIS POST SECTION PROVIDES AN OVERDESIGN. HOWEVER, IT IS

AVAILABLE FROM THE USING AGENCY'S INVENTORY AND CAN BE
EASILY INSTALLED BY HAND. IT WILL BE USED.

8·5
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

EXAMPLE B.108. (ALUMINUM)

STOPLOG DEFLECTION:

L:::::.. =5WL4/384EI. Wo.O.1376l12.0.011467k/'ln. E=10SOOksl

1=93.57 I 6 , =5xO.011467(12x12)41(384x10800x93.57)=O.064'

L:::::.. /L-1/2260<1/200 o.k.

POST DEFLECTION:

A
A
--....

18.971k C (,j
C 5.5833

11.929k 0 4.5833 0

Actual Load Virtual Load

M=Moment Due To Actual Load m.Moment Due To VIl'tUaI Load

6,,..,,, 2S Mmd y lEI

From A To B: M:o.OOOB68y3 mo.)'. Mm:O.OOO868y 4
I

52

o
S MInd Y.66003

From D To C: M=1'.929y. m=4.5833y, Mm=54.6742y2

12
SJmid y "314t3
o
From C To B: Mo.143.14B-7.042y, m=55-y
Mm=1873.14-530.45By+ 7.042)'2

~ Mmd y =21206
o
L:::::.. A =(66003+31493+2129611(10800x23'"1)o.O.04a- .6. 11..=111396
o.k.

8·6
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

EXAMPLE B.1.b. (A36 STEEL) All Equation Numbers In Parentheses Are

From The Specification In AISC (1989)
STOPLOG:
Trial Section S4x7.7, Ix-6.08, Sx=3.04, bf =2.663· =0.2219'
W=Load On Bottom Log=0.5(2x0.2708-0.0625XO.2219](0.2219)
W=0.0586k11t , M=0.0586(12)218=1.055k-ft=12.66k-in
fb ..MlSx.12.66I3.04=4.164ksl
Fb=o.66Fy =24ksi (F1-1)

6 . =5(o.o586112)(12X12}4 1(384x29000XS.08}=O.1SS·

6.1L=11929<11200 o.k.

INTERMEDIATE POST:
Post Pocket Details Will Be Similar To Those
Used In Example B.1.a.
Trial Section wax10,lx=30.8, Sx=7.B1, bt =4", rT=0.99
Lb=67", Lc =76x4/6=50.67<67 (F1-2)
Lb/rT =67/0.99=68
Fb =(213-36(68)2 I( 1530x1 0 3 »)x36.20.08ksi (F1-6)
M=143.16k-in (Same As Example B.1.8.)
tb=MlSx=143.16n.B1=18.33ksi
1.11Fb =22.31 ksi>f b o.k.

6 . (From Example B.1.a.)=0.048"

6 . (For Steel Post)=O.048(10800129000){231.1/30.8)=O.134"

6.1L=0.134167=11500<1I200 o.k.

I USE S4x7.7 STOPLOGS AND WBx10 POSTS I

B·7

Appendix C
Swing Gate Design Example
The opening for the closure in this example is 29.50 ft
wide by 12.30 ft high.
Load Cases:
In accordance with EM 1110-2-2502, consideration shall
be given to load cases II through 14. An additional case
for the gate in any position, subjected to dead load only,
is added for checking hinge design.
Case II, Design Flood Loading. Gate is closed; water on
the unprotected side is at the design flood elevation; water
is at or below sill surface on protected side. Design
stresses shall not be greater than 5/6 of stresses allowed in
AISC (1989).
Case 12, Maximum Flood Loading. Same as case II
except that water level is to top of gate on unprotected
side. Design stresses shall not be greater than 1.11 times
the stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
Case 13, Earthquake Loading. Water is at usual level
(non-flood condition) on unprotected side; earthquake-
induced forces are acting. (Note: This case is applicable
to support structures only).
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94
Case 14, Short-Duration Loading. Gate is either open,
closed, or in between and is subjected to construction
and/or wind loads. Design stresses shall not be greater
than 1.11 times the stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
Case 15, Gate Swinging. Gate in any position, subjected
to dead load only. Design stresses shall not be greater
than 5/6 of stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
In this example, cases II and 13 are not significant and
skin plate, intercostals, and girders are designed for
case 12 with design stresses not greater than 1.11 times
stresses allowed in AISC (1989). Case 14 is applicable
for design of latching devices. Case 15 is applicable to
hinge design.
The skin plate is designed as a fixed end beam, spanning
between intercostals. In order to ensure that the flat plate
theory is applicable, deflection will be limited to 0.4 of
thickness.
The intercostals are designed as simple beams spanning
between girders.
Girders are designed as simple beams, spanning between
hinges on one side and wall bearings on the other side of
the opening.
C·1
o wm
.... 3:
N
3: ....
...IllCQCl....
....

~N

0.53'
N
.....
Cl
UI

29.50'
opening width
Skin
Plate
(DtySlde)

I
I
I

C.LHinge I
+~~ 1
& Girder

I
------l--+--r--
\ I I
\.1;'
-,-
...
"... 1-'
I

....
\

n I
I J End Diaph. PlatBs End Diaph. Plates ( I ~ 1
I
I
I
I
I

Bottom Girder (Wet Side}

31.59'

HORIZONTAL SECTION THRU GATE

 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Water Surface TOp of Gate

Max. Rood Top Gird8l
--1._=-__,.-__--'-_

Water 8
rface C'i
Design
Flood

Intercostal
Fig. Brace (:)
Wet Side ~ Dry Side
....
N

Ln Intercostals
....
It)
It'i Gird. FIg. B~
PIaI.@5'-6"

Bottom Girder

VERTICAL SECTION THRU GATE

C-3
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

SKIN PLATE DESIGN; LOAD CASE 12 (Material: A36 Steel)

Assuming a 9" flange for the bottom girder, the hydrostatic

pressure 6" above the flange is:
p.0.0625(12.3-0.85-0.375-0.5).0.6609ksf..0.00459ksi
M.pb~12.0.00459(22) ~12.0 .1851 k-i n
1b.1.11xO.75"r1.11 xO.75x36.30ksi
2 1/2
t min.stress·(pb72F~
tmin-stress.[0.00459(22)~(2X30)]1~0.1924"
defl.•pb'b84EI; E.29000, l.t~12, defl.•0.4t
0.4t.12pb4/384Et,3t4.pb~12.8E
t min-defl.•[0.00459(22)1(12.8X29000)]1/~0.2320"

For Tall Gates More Than One

I USE 1/4" SKIN PLATE
Thickness May Be Required.

INTERCOSTAL DESIGN: LOAD CASE 12

Material: A36 Steel. Equations & Tables In Parentheses Are From
The Specification In AISC (1989).

Load, shear, and moment diagrams for intercostals are shown on

page C-5. Trial Section is shown on page C-6.
Ma5.839x22112.10.705k-fl..128.46k-in
b fl2t f ..4.00/(2xO.27).7.41
651(Fi/~6516=10.83>7.41 Compact Section (Table B5.1)
L6'5.515'..66.18", Lt/rr-66.18/1.03.64.25
1/2
L ..76b/(Fy) ..76x4l6=50.67<66.18 (F1-2)
c
Fb·[213-Fy(L Jr ~(1530X1 O~]F Y (F1-6)
1
F -[213 -36(64.25) ~(1530X1 O~)36 ..20.50ksi
b
1.11 F .22.78ksi
b
ftiMlS.128.4616.84.18.78ksi<22.78ksi O.k.

USE wr 5x7.5 FOR INTERCOSTALS. MAX. SPACING 1'-10"

C-4
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

WatElf Surface
& Top of Gate l
.--- -11
" IL
- ~
.Jri._-'---......-ll-. """I
0.0444 ksf
'II
11 t:; I r --- ---
0 !.J
I
-1-.1.1I._....

~
o
,....

I j1 •
1_~-.L.....:I.-l-----...lI
II
'
I I
I
I
I
U
r--------,
IL______
Seal
I
Uin Shear Moment
I
.------ --.1_-1..
I Surface. ~
0 ---1_.
Hydrostatic Load

LOAD, SHEAR, & MOMENT DIAGRAMS

FOR
INTERCOSTALS
C·5
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

-r--
r 22.00"

1/4" Skin Plate

x ----H---------+-x
~I
----+-

S(min):6.84
Compression
rr=1.03
Flange

INTERCOSTAL SECTION

C·6
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Girder Design (Marl. A36 Steel, Equation and Table Numbers

In Parentheses Are From Specification In AISC (1989).)
Bottom Girder
~
o M=3.335(31.59)~1/8)
~~ - 1.393k1ft
M=416.04k-ft=4992k-in
•Top Gird.
Trial Section W 24x84

4.728k1ft

;'
l/ ie
"

3.335k1ft
•Bot. Gird.
Ix=2370, Sx=196

ellAf=3.47, bf =9", Fy=36ksi

b /2t =5.9, eIItw=51.3

f f
O.7688ksf (Table B5.1)
1/2
65/(Fy) =10.83>5.9
GIRDER LOADS
640/(Fy)1/~1 06.67>51.3
Flange & Web are compact

Lb=66", lc=76bf(Fy~12 =114">66" (F1-2)

Fb=1.11xO.66xFy=26.67ksi, ftl'M/Sx =4992/196=25.47kskFb

IUSEW24X84
I See page C·18 for design with the effect of
axial load & bending due to the diagonal

Top Girder

M=1.393(31.59)2(118)=173.76k-ft=2085k-in

Trial Section W 24x55

Ix=1350, SX=114, d1Af=6.66

b /2t =6.9, dltw=59.7, Lb=66"

f f
Flange & Web are compact, see Table B5.1.

Lc=20000/(6.66x36)=83.42">66" (F1-2)

FE>=1.11 (2/3)(36)=26.67ksi

\)2085/114=18.29ksi<26.67ksi

IUSE: W24x55 I
C·7
.
o
00
wm
.... s:::
s::: ....
......
Ill ....
coo
-Iloo N
N
~
o

~.
I (II

U
!
!.· 363.25":w

[",...... ---------
IWI
J - - '---r'

f-+ .~ II I II I II il III '

I ~~ I I I I I JI
I lr-... I I I l
r--( I "I I I I I I j
t! (I~I
I Ii: I
I
~ I :1 I~I
I I I i
Ii I ~I I
I
I
I
I~I I
I'-.-. I
I ~
~
~
~
~ I• ~ "'~
: I C\l

E
I I I I II I
d 'f : I I i I I~I I'
o
~

~I ~
" I I I I I I INil_ ~
I L.. I : : Ii: II
!
I III I I I II II ~ -..,., I '

..
i

H"- ..... ----- ---.

'",-:.-:. :.01f Bottom GirdElfJ 7.80Bk J Bottom of Seal J
GATE ELEVATION
SHOWING DIAGONAL LOAD DUE TO D.L. TORSION
(See Page 8-9 For Torsional Deflection & DiagDnal Stress C81c:ulallonsj
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

STRESS & DEFLECTION DUE TO DEAD LOAD TORSION

Methods For Oetarmlning The Shear center And The Torsional Stiltness
Of The Gate Are Presented In EM 1110-2-2703

T_Torsion..12.5x19,64-245.5k-ln
Z.Distance From Hinges To C.G. Of D.L.
Z-16.198'.194.38"
TZ-245.5x194.38-47720
A.Area C 10X20 DiagonaJ-5.BB
A'-1/B Of Sum Of Girder & Diaph, Areas

A'.10.11
L-(132.36)~ (363.25)211~386.61"
eo-Torsional Stiffness Of Gate =2442
t-DI$1. From CL Of Skin To C.G. Of Diagonal
t.22 ,97"

Ro=2wtIllL=2x363.25x22.97f(379x386.61)

Ro-O.1139
R=A'Ro/(A+A1-1 0, 11xO, 1139f(5.88+10.11)
A-O.072
End View Q.RRoEAIwIL-Torsional Stilt. Diagonal
Q.181312,0+00.183754

L::::. =TZ/(Q+Oo)..477201183754-0.26".Torsional Defl. 01 Gata.

Tensile Stress In Diagonal-REL::::.Jl-~

Tensile Load In Diagonal.1.41x5.88..8.31k

C·9
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

GateWt. 12.5k
12.Sk
I
C.L. Hinges 16.198'
7.89"
i
1S.36k I

1I
(") II
..
C!
II
HINGE LOADS PARALLEL TO GATE

II
18.36k
C.L. Of Pin

12.Sk

HINGE LOADS PERPENDICULAR TO GATE

BOTTOM HINGE PIN

Py =52.681<. Px =18.36k, P z =12.Sk,e z =4.41"
Assuming a 1.75" base p1ale. Z = 7.8S"
My = PyZ + Pz e z = 468.66k-in
M x = PxZ= 144.13k·in

Mr .~~ + M~ .490.32 k·in

d= Pin Dlameler = 5", Mal'l, A276, Fy..55 ksi
A =19.63. I = 30.68, S = 12.27. r =1.25. kUr=2x7.8511.25=13
1.11Fb=1.11xO.75Fy=4S.83ksi, 1.11Fa = 35.43ksi (Using AISC (1989»
'a =12.5/19.63=0.637ksi. 'b" 490.32/12.27 = 39.96 ksi
,
'J,."Fa + 't:I .'1F b= 0.890<1.000

I USE 5" DIAMETER PIN

C-10
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

BASE PLATE & BASE PLATE BOLTS: p. ~ P~ Py2: 55.19k

Moment at Bottom of Plate;
275 525" 525" 275
M-5S.19x9.6+12.5x4.41.S90.71 k-in
16·x1.75" Sq.Plate

I (neglect 12.5k vertical load)

Calculate Section Properties
L.
Ie
N ..... At Bottom Of Plate.
"IV ~
"'"
~.,

N
i'iii3 8x 2.3,534(8-X) + S.301(13.25-x)
~ ~ ~a ....
II. V 8x 2+ 8.83Sx - 98.51025 .0
~~
"II

:n
N x .3.00"
iii Bolt Mat'l. F593, Alloy 316. Fy-30ksi
h.. Ib. .. n.. l\I
'III' II' c
N I N.A.•16(3) 313 +3.534(5) 2
Ie \ "JV 0::
N
4
N +5.301(10.25) 2 • 789.29in
~

i
f/)

~ Sc = 789.2913 • 263.10
l!!0
5.00" Oia. Pin .~
w
St. 789.29/10.25 = 77.00
al
ai
~
u. f c .590.711263.10 =2.245ksi
i5
~ f t .. 590.71/77.00 =7.672ksi
- BASE PLATE PLAN
Ft =1.11xO.6x30=20ksi
Fv=1.11XO.4x30=13.33ksi
13.25-x Iy=55.79/(8x1.767)=3.95ksi

x 8-x Iu SE 8-1.5" OIA. BOLTS F593 I

Moment in Plate at Edge of
-..-- Equiv. Square Pin ..

<D <) 0.5x2.245x3.00x4.78=16.10k-in

S Pl = 1(1.75) q6 =0.S10
~
b
0
(')
CD ~
(')
( )~ Mat'l. ASTM A276, Fy=55ksi
~ N

U
n
f/)
h I
CIl
<
I

~
1.11Fb = 1.11xO.75x55 =45.83ksi
fb= 16.10/0.510 = 31.57ksi<45.83ksi
..(
z 8
,..:
() <D .....
~

5.00·
1I uSE 16° SQ. x1.75° A276 PLATE I
3.00 10.25·

~
~
N
[fV
Brg. Press.

C-11
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

EMBEDDED PLATE & BOLTS: (Bolt Marl. F593, Alloy 316. Plate A36)

26"SQ.xl.5- EMBED.PLATE
Properties of
Transformed Section
2.75" 6.75" 7.00" 6.75" 2.75" At Base Of Embed. Plate:
n.EstEc.10
~ 2
N 13x '" 35.34(16.5-x) + 70.68(23.25-x)

rn 131 + 106.02x - 2226.42 .. 0

x .. 9.63"
rn,...
cei I N.A. = 22S19.21in 4

•
Sc = 2338.44. St = 1653.39
8,...: i.!1i ci-
t!>
Q.
GI M-SS.79x11.1+12.Sx4.41 00674.39k-in
'0 ~ i 1c"MISc .. 0.2B84ksi
,...rn
cei
-
~
I t'" MISt =0.4079ksi

Bolt Tension .. nIt" 4.079ksi

rn
Ft = 20ksi. Fv = 13.33ksi

,...rn
N
I
r
5" 16" 5" II USE 12-1.5" DIA. F593 SOLTS

PLAN
Stress At Edge 01 Base Plate:

SpL .. (1.5) 2/6 = 0.375

M=O.S( 0.2884+0.1387)(5)(2.79)=2.98k-in

'b=2.9810.375=7.9Sksi

Stress At Edge 01 Equiv. Pin:

'iii M=O.S(0.2884)(9.63)(8.57) = 11.90k·in

""CD....
.-
~N:I;
/ ~
c:i
~
Combi ned Section Modulus for
~ Two Plates:

~ I'. .1------.1
. ~
5 = 0.375 + 0.510 = 0.685

u x-9.63 13.62" I b .. MIS =11.9010.885 =13.45ksi

"
STRESS DIAGRAM

I USE 26" sa. x 1.S" A36 PLATE

See Page C-13 For Bending Stress In Embedded Bolts & Bolt

Bearing Stress On Concrete.

C-12
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

BOLTS IN CONCRETE

Using Maximum Allowable Concrete Bearing Stress, Find The

Minimum Required Bolt Embedment:
f~=3ksi (28 day concrete compressive strength)
h=Min. Embed.=4V1p
V Fp=o.35fcrl.05ksi From Sect. J9 Of AISC (1989)
d .. Bolt Dla...1.5' Fp(for Case 12)=1.11xl.05=1.167ksi
p .. dFp .. 1.5x1.167 = 1.75k/in
V = 55.79/12 =4.65k1Bolt
"E h = 4x4.65/1.75 = 10.63" = Min. Embed. Req·d.
.r;.a
GI

.8
E Actual Embedment = 20·>10.63· o.k.
w

2V/h =pl2
Assumed Pressure
Distribution
Calculate Flexural Stress In Bolt:

M = Max. Moment = 4Vhl27 = 4x4.65x10.63/27 = 7.323k-in

S = Bolt Sect. Mod. = 0.3313
1.11(0.75Fy) = 1.11xO.75x30 = 25ksi = Fb
f b= MIS = 7.323/0.3313 = 22.10ksi<25ksi o.k.

CALCULATE BOND STRESS DUE TO BOLT TENSION:

ftc Bolt Tensile Stress = 4.079ksi (from page C-12)

T=BoltTension=4.079x1.767=7.21 k1bolt
l=Embedment=20", C=801t Circumference=4.71·
U=A1lowable Bond Stress Concrete To Plain Bar
U=0.09ksi (3000psi Concrete)
u=Actual Bond Stress=T/Cl
u=7.211(20x4.71)=0.0765ksi < U=0.09ksi

BOND STRESS ALONE IS SUFFICIENT TO RESIST

ANCHOR BOLT TENSION; HOWEVER, BOLTS SHAll
HAVE 90 DEGREE HOOKS WITH 6" lEGS.

C·13
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

BUSHING DESIGN : (Mat'!. ASTM B22)

Fp=Max.A1lowable Avg. Brg. Stress=1.11 x3.00=3.33ksi

L min=P/(FpeD)=SS.79/(3.33XS)=3.3S" USE L=6"

See Page 8·15 For Calculation Of Actual Max. Brg. Stress.

5.00"
Pin Dia.

Thrust Washer - - I - - - - - - f - - .

C.L.Bot.Gird.
____l __ .
o
o
u:i
Grease
Seal

.
o
&0
c:i

I
I
I
-0
CJ)
.0
C.L.Bot.Gird.----l
E I
w I
I

SECTION THRU BOnOM HINGE

C·14
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

CALCULATION FOR ACTUAL MAXIMUM BEARING PRESSURE·BOTTOM PIN

L .. Bushing Length. 6", Nominal Pin Diameter. 5"

R1 • Min. Radius 01 Pin. 2.4985"
R2. Max. Inside Radius Of Bushing. 2.5010"
E1 .. Modulus Of Elasticity Of Pin .. 29000ksi
E2 .. Modulus Of Elasticity Of Bushing .. 15000ksi
P1 .. 55.79/6 .. 9.30klin

P1 E1 E2 (R2-R1)
fp max~ 0.591
(E1 +E2)(R1R2)

9.3x435x106x0.0025 '" 3.584ksi

fp max~ 0.591
44x103x6.24875

A Maximum Bearing Stress Equal To Or Less Than The Yield

Strength Of The Material Is Allowable.

C-15
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

TOP HINGE:

-
c::
.2

~
ien
.Q
o
.5

~
.c::
en
SCll

-
C)

'--·Top Girder

4' Cia. Pin

SECTION THRU HINGE

C·16
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

TOP PIN (Mat'\. ASTM A276, Fy = 55ksi)

P = 28.655k, V = 28.655/2 = 14.33k (ObI. Shear)

R
M = 28.655x8.75/4 = 62.68k-in
A = 3.1416(4)~4 = 12.57, S =3.1416(4) 1.32 = 6.28
fb =1.11 (0.75F~=45.83ksi
F = 1.11 (O.4Fy) = 24.44ksi
V
fv=14.33/12.57 =1.14ksi < 24.44ksi o.k.
ft>:: 62.68/6.28 ::9.98ksi < 45.83ksi o.k.

TOP BUSHING (Mat'l. ASTM B22)

P = 28.655k, Bushing Length:: 6.00·

R
Inside Dia. =4.00·
Fp :: Avg. Allowable Brg. Stress =1.11 x3.00 = 3.33ksi
fp:: 28.655/(4x6) = 1.194ksi < 3.33ksi o.k.

CHECK MAX. BEARING STRESS:

R1 :: 1.997", R2 =2.001"
E1 =29000ksi, E2 =15000ksi
P1 = 28.655/6 = 4.78k1in

(Max) fp=0.591 4.78x29x15x10 (2.001-1.997) =4.065ksi

(29+15}(1 03}(2.001 x1.997)

A Maximum Bearing Stress Equal To Or Less Than The Yield

Strength Of The Material Is Allowable.

C-17
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Check Bottom Girder Design With Axial Load & Bending Due To Diagonal Included.

P =Axial Load From Diagonal =7.808 k (See page C-8)

e =Eccenbicity =10.674", Pe =83.34 k-in
M(Hs) = Moment Due To Hydrostatic Load = 4992 k-in (See page C-7)
M =Pe + M(Hs) = 83.34 + 4992 =5075.34 k-in

Properties of W24x84:

A .. 24.7, S • 196, rx .. 9.79, bf .. 5.9, .!!.. • 51.3

2tf 'w

Member is Compact (Table B5.1) Lx = 379", Lb = 66"

KL
x
• 39, fa • ~ • 0.316 bi, Fa(AlSC) • 19.27 bi
rx 24.7

Fa" 1.1 IFa(AlSC) .. 21.41 bi, Fb .. !!..S .. 25.89 ksi

76b
__ 'I • 114" > L b • 66" ,Fb(AlSC) • 24 bi, F b • 1.11x24 • 26.67 ksi
{F;

fa fa fb
_ < 0.15, _ + _ • < 1.00 (Hl-3)
Fa Fa Fb

~t.~~ + ~:: • 0.986 < 1.00

W24x84 Satisfies Axial Load & Flexural Requirements.

C-18

Appendix D
Miter Gate Design Example
The opening in this example is 36 ft wide by 11.125 ft
high.
Load Cases:
In accordance with EM 1110-2-2502, consideration was
given to the following cases applicable to inland flood-
walls.
Case II, Design Flood Loading. Gate is mitered; water
on the unprotected side is at the design flood elevation;
water is at or below sill on protected side. Design
stresses shall not be greater than 5/6 of stresses allowed in
AISC (1989).
Case 12, Maximum Flood Loading. Same as Case II
except that water level is to top of gate on unprotected
side. Design stresses shall not be greater than 1.11 times
the stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
Case 13, Earthquake Loading. Water is at usual level
(nonflood condition) on unprotected side; earthquake-
induced forces are acting. (Note: This case is applicable
to support structures only.)
EM 111 0-2-2705
31 Mar 94
Case 14, Short-Duration Loading. Gate is either open or
mitered or in between and is subjected to construction
and/or wind loads. Design stresses shall not be greater
than 1.11 times the stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
In this example, cases II and 13 are not significant and
skin plate, intercostals, and girders are designed for Case
12. Case 14 is applicable to the design of diagonals and
latching devices.
The skin plate is designed as a fixed end member span-
ning between intercostals. The hydrostatic pressure 6 ft
above the flange of the bottom girder is used as a uniform
load. In order for the design to meet the limitations of
the flat plate theory, deflection is limited to 0.4 of plate
thickness.
The intercostals are designed as simple beams spanning
between girders.
Girders are designed as elements of a three-hinged arch.
They are designed for thrusts and moments induced by
diagonal tensions as well as for hydrostatic pressure.
0-1
c wm
-3:
N 3:_
Ill_
.,-
CDC)
~N

~
,- 36.00'
Opening Width
C)
(II

Continuous Seal Pad DRY SIDE

.-1
!
i
Ski" Plate

. Miter Contact
--.i & C.L. of Opening
.-1 Gate Sym. About
This Line.

WET SIDE

1/2 HORIZONTAL SECTION THRU GATE

 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Water Surface
Max. Flood Top of Gate
-L~~=--_.-- --=--Girder
__Top

oo
Water t"i
Surface ~
Design t"i
Flood

Intercostal oo
Fig. Brace
Wet Side ...c:i Dry Side

Intercostals

Sill
Sealing
Surface
Bottom Girder

SECTION A-A

0·3
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Skin Plate Design; Load Case 12:

Assuming 9" wide girder flanges, the hydrostatic
pressure for skin plate design is:
p=0.0625(11.125-0.75-0.375-.5)=0.S983ksf
p=0.004124ksi, b=intercostal spacing=24"

M=pb 2 /12=0.004124(24}2/12=0.1980k-in

Fb=1.11 (0.75Fy) = 1.11xO.75x36 = 30ksi

t min-stress=(pb2/2Fb}1/2

tmin_stress=[O.004124(24)2/(2X30)]112=0.1990"

Defl.=pb41384EI; E=29000; l=t~12; Defl.=0.4t

0.4t=12pb4/384Et 3, t 4=pb 4/12.8E

t min-defl.=[0.004124(24)4/(12.8X29000)]1/4

t min-defl.=0.2462"
I USE: 1/4" Skin Plate.
Intercostal Design; Load Case 12:
Eq. & Table No's. In Parentheses Are From AISC (1989).
Load, shear, and moment diagrams for intercostals
are shown on page D-S.
M=4.27x2'=8.54k-ft=102.4Bk-in
The trial section for intercostals is shown on page 0-6.

S=S.47in 3, 4>=40"(dist. between fig. braces)

b f /2t f=3.96/(2x0.21 )=9.43

65/(Fy}1/2=65/6=10.83>9.43, compact (Table 8S.1)

lc =76bf /(F y)1 12=76(3.96)/6 = 50.16">40" (F1-2)
Fb=1.11 (213)F y=1.11 (213)(36) = 26.67ksi
fb =M/S=1 02.4B/5.47=18.73kskFb=26.67ksi

I USE: WT 5x6 for Intercostals. I

0-4
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Water Surface

,_-: _:opm_ l ~ ~
n Ie IL .Jr:1_..;;;O-f·_ _---,'" .,
I r------
0.047ksf
""' 'I
/I
0
•
L.J
II
-11--'-11

0.625 ksf
I j1 II
, I • IL- - - - - - II_-t-..........-L..--' - ----lI
: I ~. I ,--------lll
I I U Seal UI ie Shear Moment
I I Surface II C')
.- - - - - - ----..1_--1- ---'_ U 0
Hydrostatic Load

LOAD, SHEAR, & MOMENT DIAGRAMS

FOR
INTERCOSTALS

0·5
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

24.00"
"'.....
1/4" Skin Plate + <0
Ol
d

x x
"'
l.t)
co
.-
Co
.-
&ri
"'
.-
('!
('!

d ..t
I 1

S(mln.)-5.47 .J
1
Compression • I
WT5x6 J -
~
Flange

INTERCOSTAL SECTION

0·6
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

CALCULATION FOR DIAGONAL LOADS

Methods For Determining The Shear Center And The Torsional Stiffness
Of The Gate Are Presented In EM 1110·2·2703.
18.1S"
T=Torslon=6.30x18.1S=114.35k-ln
Z=Dlstance From Hinges To C.G. Of D.L.
Z=123"
TZ=1406Sk·ln 2

... A=Area Of Diagonal=0.79

~GI A'=1/8 Of Sum 01 Girder & Dlaph. Areas
o....
CII
A' =8.0S
Gl
.r:. L=Length Of Dlagonal=253.24"
en
ao=Torslonal Stillness 01 Gate Leaf=1222
t=Dist. From C.L. Of Skin To e.G. Of Diagonal
t =24.2"
Ro=2wtJvl=2x223x24.21(243.72x2S3.24)=O.17S
R=A' Ro/(A+A')
R=8.0SxO.17S/(0.79+8.0S)
R=0.1S9

End View a=RRoEAhv!L=Torsional Stilf. Diagonal

a=0.159xO.175x29000xO.79x120x243.721253.24.73620

aDp + aDn = TZ Where Dp is Prestress Delection For Positive Diagonal and

On is Prestress Deflection For Negative Diagonal.
Positive Diagonal Extends From Top Girder At Hinge End To Bottom Girder
N. Miter End.
Let On = 0.40". aDn = 73620xO.40 = 29448
73620 Dp = 14065 + 29448 = 43513, Dp =: 43513173620 = 0.59"
Sp =RDpEIL = O.1S9xO.59x290001253.24 = 10.74ksl
Sn = RDnEIL = O.159xOAOx290001253.24 = 7.28ksi
Tension In Positive Diagonal = 0.79x10.74 = BABk
Tension In Negative Diagonal = 0.79x7.28 = 5.7Sk

0-7
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

I8 .S·£&l

h
I 4 =..(2l

! I'
I
I ~a
~ S\8ISOOJelUI w6eA1de!a 1
L lI~O't
I !
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'0
E

1\

~
II)

I
~ ~
I- .-\.- ---- -- f/ ~
lb'

--I -
;tJ:

1
\

/
I I
I I
1
1 ~ -- I
I
(f)
0
I
I
.1--
-- I
I
z «
\ /
I I
I I 0 0
I I .....J

~
I I
I f- ;-;:
---,"" --- . .,. -
I .....J
f4.-,
«
I
I
I
I
I
I
--
\ / .... -~
-
IE
W
.....J
W
Z
0
C>
i «lL. «
X
> I:
I
"
~
II
M I

~
N
N
I
Cl
I
I
I --- ----,.. ..... w 0
f- -- .....J
~ I C>
L....
/ \
.-F-. ·4·
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I
I
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.-«
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C> 0
3:

/ \ I
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-- -4. I

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W6VJljdvIO j
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---- +---------------------r----- I-~
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L.i.... LL
se6U!H'TO
j'$;"'.

0·8
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

~
~
0

1.144k1ft

Top Girder-

0.0625 ksflft -_~.

I
G)
ca b in
0:: 0
N
c: C)
ci
..- "'":
:i: c: ..-
en :g ..-
0
...
..J
G)
"E
(ij

Bottom
Girder -
2.724 klft
lI'l

'"ci
0.6953 ksf
Hydrostatic load

GIRDER LOADING
0-9
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

HYDROSTATIC LOADING & REACTIONS FOR BOTTOM GIRDER:

Miter Point

[
\ 113.7435k

101.0257k

1.0280::.:4:....'_ 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - : .1,:.8...::..67.:..:5;.::2-'- -----..-l

50.8714k

Free Body Of Bottom Girder

Resolve Reactions At Hinge Into Components Normal

And Parallel To Girder Centerline'

v = Normal Component. T = Parallel Component

V = 50.8714xCos(14.0362) • 101.0257xSin(14.0362) =24.850k
T = 50.8714xSin(14.0362) + 101.0257xCos(14.0362} = 110.347k

Resolve Reaction At Miter Point Into Components Normal

And Parallel To Girder Centerline:

V = 113.7435xSin(14.0362} = 27.587k
T-113.7435xCos(14.0362) =110.347k

0·10
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

2.724 k1ft

1.06' 19.25'

112.757k ~---End Diaph.-----

.. \ 110.347k

Hinge) 5.0Sk 1.024' 7.47k ' - Miter

Contact
.:....-_- Diag. Load ----".

24.9715k 27.4655k

27.4655k

SHEAR

24.9715k ----l~

MOMENT

'---- M(max)=:146.11k-ft

LOAD, REACTIONS, SHEAR, & MOMENT

FOR
BOTTOM GIRDER

0-11
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

BonOM GIRDER DESIGN

Material: ASTM A36

Equation & Table Numbers In Parentheses Are From Spec. In AISC (1989).

Trial Section, W 24xSS.

A.16.2, Sx.114, rx -9.11, f y.1.34, rT -1.68, d/Al-6.66

bf .r, tf·0.50S", bf 12tf-6.9, d.23.57", h.22.56"

t w -O.395-, d"w.59.7, M .57.11

tx.20.31 '.244-, Ly.24", Ltr'72"

P-112.757+5.06=117.817k, M=146.11k-ft.1753.32k-in

Allowable Stresses:
651(Fy)1/2.6516=10.83>6.9 (Table B5.1)

lc·20000/(6.66x36).. 83.42>~-72·
640/(Fy )112..640/6..106.67>59.7 (Table 85.1)
W 24x55 is compact for flexure, Fb=1. 11 (213)Fy =26.67ksi
257/(Fy)1/2 ..2S7/6=42.83<59.7 (Table 85.1)

Web is a slender element under uniform compression.

he=[253t w /(f)112j[1-44.3t w'h(f) 1/2} (A-B5-8)

f a=P/A..117.817/16.2=7.27ksi, fb-M/S ..1753.3211 14=15.38ksi

f.7.27+15.38=22.65ksi, (19 12..4.76

he-[253xO.395/4.76][1-44.3/(57 .11 x4.76)]=1 7.57"
A e-16.2-(22.56-17.57)(O.395) = 14.23

Q .. A e /A-14.23/16.2=O.8784

Lx/rx ..24419.11 =27, L y Ir y=24/1.34=18

Fa =1.11x20.15=22.39ksi (E2-1)
Fe .1.11x204.84=227.6ksi (From Sect. H1 of AISC (1989)

Fa -QFa =O.8784x22.39=19.67ksi (For Case 12)

Combined Stresses:

fa/Fa +CmfbI(1-fa/Fe]Fb=<1.00· (H1-1)

7.27/22.39 + 1x15.38![(1-7.27/227.6)(26.67)]=0.92<1 .00

U
SE W
24x55
I Also Use W 24x55 For Top Girder To Maintain 24" Depth
So That Diagonals Lie In A Vertical Plane.

0·12
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

BonOM HINGE-PEDESTAL DESIGN

ResultThnJst. ~ (112.757)2+ (24.9715)2_ 115.49k 6.3k-Wt Of Leaf

C.L. Bottom Girder

115.49k
Thrust

Pedestal Pin 5.75" Dia.

Pin Mat'I.: ASTM A276

Section Thru Pedestal

Pedestal Pin

Fy= 55 ksi. '1>= 1.11 (0.75Fy) = 45.83ksi

d = 5.75", A = 25.97 in 2 , 1= 53.66 in 4

S = 18.66 in3, r = 1.44

L = 7", K = 2, KUr =2x7/1.44 = 9.72

Cc=102 (Ref. 3.d.(1).)

FS = 5/3 + 3(KUr)/(8xCc) - [KUrCcl 3/8 = 1.70

Fa = [1-0.5{KUCcr)2][FyYFS=32.17kSi (AISC 1989)

Fa = 1.11x32.17 = 35.74ksi

M = 115.49 x 7 = 808.43 k-in

fa = 6.3/25.97 = 0.243 ksi

fb = 808.43/18.66 = 43.32 ksi

fa/Fa +ftiFb= 0.243/35.74+43.32/45.83=0.952<1.000

USE 5.75" Diameter Pin

0-13
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

PEDESTAL BASE PLATE MaterIal: Bolts F593, Alloy 316. Plate ASTM A276.

16" SQ. PLATE

2.75" 5.25" 5.25" 2.75"
BOLTS:

V = 115.49k

M = 115.49x9= 1039.41k-ln

fe = MISe

le= 1039.411263.10 = 3.95ksl

f t = MISt

I t =1039.41fl7 =13.50ksl
c
o
Bolt Area At. Thread = 1.41
~ c
enii: It (at thread}=1.767x13.5/1.41 =
c:r-g
en :J
= 16.92ksi
:> 0
'5 a:
0''- Fy = 30ksl
w.s
Ft = 1.11 xO.6x30 =20ksi>16.92ksi

.!!i.Jg 2.55" 2.55" ' v = 115.49/(8x1.41) = 10.24ksi

c 0 =.::...---+oe--:=*"";-...;,o.t---'=:.-
~m Fv = 1.11 x0.4x30 = 13.33ksl>1O.24ksi
PLAN
3.00" 5.00" 5.25"
USE 8-1.50" DIA. BOLTS

N N
b .5 .5
0 <ot 0C')
<ci
..-
C')
It) PLATE:

~ ~ Moment in plate at edge of equiv. Sq. Pin.

M =O.5x3.95x3x4.45x16 = 421.86k-in
S = 16(2)2/6 = 10.67

PROPERTIES OF SECTION fb= MIS = 421.86/10.67 =39.54ksi

AT
BOnOM OF PLATE Fy = 55ksi

Fb= 1.11 XO. 75X55 = 45.83ksi > 39.54ksi

USE 16" SQUARE X 2" PLATE

0·14
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

EMBEDDED PLATE &BOLTS: (Bolt Marl. FS93, Alloy 316. Plate A36)

26" Sq. x 2· Plate BOLTS:

Transfonned Section, n = 10
2.7S· 6.75· 7.00· 6.75· 2.7S· IN.A.=22S19.21

,...ro Sc = 2338.44, Sl = 1653.39

N V = 11S.49k
. M = 115.49xl1 =1270.39k-ln
.,...
I I)
I I)

fp= MISe = O.543ksi

cD
i GI
Fp = 1.11xO.3Sfc

~
ai i FP= 1.11xO.3Sx3 = 1.167ks1
8r-: '6 0-
g Fp > f p
ill
... ...
10 It = MISt = O.7684ksi

~CD Fy = 30ksi
F t =1.11xO.6x30 = 20ksi
ro
A(bolt)=1.767, A(@ th'ds.)=1.41

I 5· 16· S· I nft = 1OxO.7684 =7.684ksi

~ I nl t (@th'ds)=1.767x7.684/1.41=9.63ksi
PLAN Ft > 9.63ksi
Fv = 1.11 xO.4xFy = 13.33ksi
Iv =11S.49/( 12xl.767)=S.4Sksi<13.33ksi

I USE 12·1.S· DIA. BOLTS

PLATE@EDGEOFPED.PLATE:
M=O.5(O.S43+0.261 )(S)(2.79)(26)=
M = 14S.80k-in, S=26(2~/6=17.33
Ib= MIS =8.41ksi
j

t
'b= 1.11xO.67x36 = 26.67ksi > 8.41ksi

~I
<it
_Q.

E x=9.63 ,.
.
N.A.

13.62·
PLATE @ EDGE OF EaUIV.Sa. PIN:
M=O.5(O.S43)(9.63)(7.24)(26)=
STRESS DIAGRAM M = 492.16k-in
S(both p1ates)=10.67+17.33=28
fb=MlS = 17.S8ksi < 26.67ksi

See Page 0-16 For Bending Stress In Embedded Bolts & Bolt
Bearing Stress On Concrete.

0·15
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

BOLTS IN CONCRETE

Using Maximum Allowable Concrete Bearing Stress Find the

Minimum Required Bolt Embedment:
fc=3ksi (28 day concrete compressive strength)
h=Min. Embed.=4V/p
v Fp=O.35f'c=1.0Sksi From Sect. J9 Of AISC (1989).
d = Boh Dia. =1.S" Fp(for Case 12)=1.11x1.0S=1.167ksi
p = dFp = 1.5x1.167 =1.75k1in
Total Horizontal Load On Embedment=115.49k
1:
Q)
E Allowable Brg.Load On 2" Plate=1.167x26x2=60.68k
.t::."O
.8 Shear Load On Embedded Bolts=115.49-60.68=54.81 k
E
w V=54.81/12=4.568klbolt
h=4x4.568/1.75=10.44" (min req'd.)
Actual Embed.=17" > 10.44" O.k.

2V/h

Calculate Flexural Stress In Bolt:

M=4VhI27=4x4.568xl0.44/27=7.065k-in
S = Bolt Sect. Mod. = 0.3313
1.11 (0.75F y) = 1.11xO.75x30 = 25ksi = Fb
fb= MIS =7.065/0.3313 = 21.33ksi < 25ksi O.k.

0-16
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

BUSHING DESIGN : (Mat'!. ASTM B22)

Fp.Max.Allowable Avg. Brg. Stress=1.11x3.00=3.33ksi

USE: L.7" • 0.S.7S" • P.11S.49k fp=P/OL
I

fp=11S.49/(7xS.7S)=2.869ksi<3.33ksi
See Page 0-18 For Calculation Of Max. Bearing Stress.

S.7S"=0
PinOia.

Thrust Washer -~---+--.

C.L.Bot.Gird.
____1__
Grease
Seal -+tI-----...... t\
~ Base
Plate
b
ll)
ci

Q)
I
1\i I
a::
,; I CIl
~ CIl
Q)
.c C.L.Bot.Gird. ----l mo -;:,
·z
w
E I .s::. ~
o 0
I c 0
I ~...J
Lq~
.,..

SECTION THRU SOnOM HINGE

0-17
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

CALCULATION FOR ACTUAL MAXIMUM BEARING PRESSURE-BonOM PIN

L =Bushing Length =7". Nominal Pin Diameter = 5.75"

R1 =Min. Radius Of Pin =2.8670"
R2 =Max. Inside Radius Of Bushing =2.8715-
E1 =Modulus Of Elasticity Of Pin =29000ksl
E2 =Modulus Of Elasticity Of Bushing = 15000ksi
P1 = 115.49n = 16.50klin

P1 E1 E2 (R2-R1)
fp max. =0.591
(E1+E2)(R1 R2)

16.5x435x106xO.0045
fp max. =0.591 = 5.572ksl
44X103x8.25843

A Maximum Bearing Stress Equal To Or Less Than The Yield

Strength Of The Material Is Allowable.

0-18
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

TOP HINGE:

lOp Girder

4" Oia. Pin

SECTION A-A

0·19
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

TOP PIN (Mat'l. ASTM A276. Fy = 55ksi)

PR = 50.54k. V = 50.5412 = 25.27k (ObI. Shear)

M = 50.54x8.75/4 = 11 0.56k-ln
A = 3.1416(4)2/4 .12.57. S. 3.1416(4)3132 = 6.28
Fb=1.11 (0.75F y)=45.83ksi
Fv = 1.11 (0.4Fy ) =24.44ksi
fV= 25.27/12.57 = 2.01ksi < 24.44ksi
fb= 110.56/6.26 = 17.61ksi < 45.83ksi

TOP BUSHING (Mat'l. ASTM B22)

PR = 50.54k, Bushing Length = 6.00"

Inside Oia. >= 4.00"
Fp = Avg. Allowable Brg. Stress =1.11 x3.00 = 3.33ksi
fp= 50.54/(4x6) = 2.11 ksi < 3.33ksi

CHECK MAX. BEARING STRESS:

R1 .. 1.997", R2 =2.001"
E1 = 29000ksi, E2 = 15000ksi
P1 = 50.54/6 = 8.42k1in

6
8.42x29X15X10 (2.001-1.997) = 5.396ksl
(Max) f p " 0.591
(29+15)(10 3 )(2.001 x1.997)

A Maximum Bearing Stress Equal To Or Less Than The Yield

Strength Of The Material Is Allowable.

0-20

Appendix E
Rolling Gate Design Example
The opening for the closure in this example is 60 ft wide
by 9.63 ft high.
Load Cases:
In accordance with EM 1110-2-2502, consideration shall
be given to load cases 11 through 14.
Case 11, Design Flood Loading. Gate is closed; water on
the unprotected side is at the design flood elevation; water
is at or below the sill surface on the protected side.
When skin plate is on the unprotected side, stability
against flotation shall be checked. Design stresses shall
not exceed 5/6 of the stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
Case 12, Maximum Flood Loading. Same as case 11
except that water level is to top of gate on unprotected
side. Design stresses shall not exceed 1.11 times the
stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94
Case 13, Earthquake Loading. This case is applicable to
support structures only.
Case 14, Short-Duration Loading. Gate is in any position
and is subjected to construction and/or wind loads.
Design stresses shall not exceed 1.11 times the stresses
allowed in AISC (1989).
In this example, cases 11 and 13 are not significant, and
skin plate, intercostals, and girders are designed for
case 12. Case 14 is applicable for design of latching
devices and for checking overturning stability for wind
loading.
The skin plate is designed as a fixed end member span-
ning between intercostals. In order to ensure that the flat
plate theory is applicable, deflection will be limited to 0.4
of plate thickness.
The intercostals are designed as simple beams spanning
between girders.
Girders are designed as simple beams spanning between
bearing blocks on each side of the opening.
E·1
 wm
~ .... 3:
3: ....
......
Ill ....
egO
oIlIo
N
N
.....
60.00' 2.125' o
3.125' UI

Opening Width
C.L. Brg.
C.L. Brg.

Brg.Bar~

Bottom Girder - - - -....

~
~

I I
."
."

I Closing Direction
I

Skin Plate Skin Plate

65.25'

WET SIDE

HORIZONTAL SECTION THRU GATE

 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

Top of Gate and Max. Aood Water Surface

N
~
0

Top Girder
DRY SIDE WET SIDE

S
£
~
Diaph. FIg. & [
0
Web Plates
c!0
At Casters 0

[
0
Co
ltl
•CIi S ui
m
,...;;
@J III e m
a::: J! .= ~
i
III
.=0
oX
o:;~~c OJ

~ Q)~~
S S·u 3 .
oS o l!..~ III
~1lI.g-!
·-0...1<
a:-o -GI
~tlIl1l_
::l 0 ~.c
o ...... ·~ ~
1.59' ~.c tlI 0
...... Gle
tlI 0 m GI
~g.!!a:
• ltlo~
e:::'a: tlI

Bol Girder

Seal & Skin Plate

Supports

M
lq

1.27 0.75'

2.02'
CIr. to Ctr. Casters

VERTICAL SECTION THRU GATE

E-3
m wm
.... s:::
J,.
s::: ....
..,Dl ....
....
CQo
""N
N
.....
o
c.n

o
~
:
I-
f-- Sym. About This Line
I
, r Intercostals
r ~~

Top Gird.

/
I Skin Plate
r Intercostals
C.L.Brgs.!
,
-,

I
I
-
-r
I

I~I
I
,
I
I
-
I
I
I
-
r
--- -
r--
I I
I
I
I
-- - -
r- ---I -, -
I
I
,
I
I
I
I
I
n -1 ,--
"l
I
I
I
- .-
I
I
I
I
---
j-
I
I
I
I
.,.
I
I
I
I
- T
I
I
I
I
r
I
I
I
I
-

nr'
I
r
I
-- t-
I
I

I
IE I I I I 15, 1 I I I I Ii IS I
I g» I I I I I! I I I I I I! I ~ ,I
~ ~ I.E I I f I I-a.
,.!!!
I I I I I 'a 10-
I ~
oj .... J
15
i l l
I 1
I
I
I
I ,0
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I.!!!
101(1)
"

I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I "
I
._L I
L IL I
L ~
I 1
~ ~
I I
~ ~
I ~
, I
~ LI I
L _
==a===_~_================D============_=~======_=_= =========~=

14.75'
~
Casters

1/2 WET SIDE ELEVATION

 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

GIRDER DESIGN (Marl. ASTM A36)

Bottom Girder:
Trial Section W27x194
A=S7, 1=7820, S=5S6

O.634k1ft W=2.264k1ft
Top Gird. L=65.2S'
M=WL218=1204.89k-ft
M:14458.68k-in
Since compression
flange is braced
continuously and
2.264k1ft compact section
BoL Gird.
requirements of
Table 85.1 of AISC (1989).
0.6019ksf
are satisfied, the
Hydrostatic Loading
allowable bencing
stress is:
Fb =1.11(213)Fy = 26.67ksi
fb =MIS=14458.68J556=26.00ksl<Fb =26.67ksi

I USE: W27x194 FOR BOTTOM GIRDER

Top Girder:
Trial Section W27x84, A:24.8, 1=2850, S=213
W=0.634k1ft, L=65.2S'. M=O.634(65.25) 2 18=337.41 k-ft
M=4048.94k-in
f b =MIS=4048.94/213=19.01 ksi<Fb =26.67ksi

I USE: W27x84 FOR TOP GI RDER I

E·5
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

SKIN PLATE DESIGN (Marl. ASTM A36)

P (6- above girder fig.) =O.0625(9.63-1.53-o.5S-o.5)=0.439ksf
p =0.00305ksi, L=2.45S'=29.5-, M=pL2/12=o.221k-in
Ft> =1.11 (0.75)Fy = 30ksi
t min for stress =(6MIF b) 0.5 =(6xO.221 130.0) 0.5 =0.21 02-
t min for defl =(pL4 /12.SE)O,25
t min for defl =[0.00305(29.5)4 /(12.Sx29000)l 0.25 =0.2809-

I USE 5/16- SKIN PLATE I

INTERCOSTAL DESIGN (Mat'l. ASTM A36)
i

M y= 1.76 Y - 0.03225 y2 - 0.025605 y3

I

1.760k V Y = 1.760-o.0645y-o.0768y 2

:;
0.0645k1ft
V y ..0 and My is maximum at y=4.386'
>-
M max =4.939k-ft=59.27k.jn

~ \
,.... \ Trial Section WT7x13, S=3.31
\
\ fb =MlS=59.2713.31 =17.91 ksi
\
3.266k 1.2444k1ft
fb =1.11(0.6)Fy =24ksi >17.91ksi
Hydrostatic
Loading The WT7x13 is able to support
the load without considering the
contribution of the skin plate.

I USE WT7x13 FOR INTERCOSTALS I

E-6
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

CHECK RESISTANCE TO FLOTATION

0.75'

U
P
Bottom Girder

U=0.75(0.0625)(8.16)=0.3825k1ft • W=Wt of Gate=0.4200klft

P=0.29(0.062S)(9.44)=0.1711 kIft • FS=Factor of Safety

FS=(W+P)/U=(O.4200+0.1711 )10.3825=1.55

Factor of Safety Req'd, by Ref. 3.a.(6). = 1.5

FS=1.55>1.5 o.k.

CHECK WIND LOAD STABILITY

Assume gate is closed. but unlatched.

Dry Wet and subjected to a 75·MPH wind load.
Side Side
Wind Pressure=O.OO256(75)2 =14.4psf
28.25k
Wind Load=O.0144(60)(9.63)=8.32k
8.32k 11.2S"
Gale Weight=28.2Sk

~
,..:
FS(overturn)=28.2Sx11.25/(8.32xS7.78)
II)

FS=O.66<1.00
-'--
~
II)
N Gate Must Be Latched To Withstand
ai
N A 7S-MPH Wind.
Wheel Loads

GATE MUST ALWAYS BE LATCHED WHEN IN CLOSED POSITION

E·7

Appendix F
Trolley Gate Design Example
The opening for the closure in this example is 32 ft wide
by 24.5 ft high.
Load Cases:
Load cases used are for inland floodwalls in accordance
with EM 1110-2-2502. Load case II was found to be
critical for design of the lower girder and the skin plate.
Load case 12 was found to be critical for design of the top
girder and the intercosta1s. The maximum wind speed
that may be allowed when the gate is not in a latched
condition was calculated; this is a short-duration load
similar to Case 14. The Trolley Rail Support Beam was
designed for the stresses allowed in AISC (1989), with
the total deflection limited to 1/700 of the span.
Case II, Design Flood Loading. Gate is closed; water on
the unprotected side is at the design flood elevation (in
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94
this example 3 ft below top of gate); water is at or below
sill surface on the protected side. Design stresses shall
not exceed 5/6 of the stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
Case 12, Maximum Flood Loading. Same as case II
except that water level is to top of gate on unprotected
side. Design stresses shall not be greater than 1.11 times
the stresses allowed in AISC (1989).
The skin plate is designed as a fixed end beam, spanning
between intercostals. In order to ensure that the flat plate
theory is applicable, deflection is limited to 0.4 of
thickness.
The intercostals are designed as simple beams spanning
between girders.
Girders are designed as simple beams spanning between
bearings on each side of the opening.
F-1
." wm
N .... s::
s:: ....
.., ....
Ill ....
CDC
oIloo N
N
"""
C
(II

DRY SIDE

Skin Plate

I• / / IntercostaJs I I
@1.92·Spa.
~I • I III End D1aph. Plate

Intercostal Ag.
-------------.r-------
,I ------
Brace @ 6.0S·
Spa.-------J
Double Angle
Strut

! LBottom Gird. r--

I
C.L of Gate Sym. About

,-
I
I
1700'
• •
I. •
17.00' • •

WET SIDE

1/2 HORIZONTAL SECTION THRU GATE

 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Welded Rail Support Beam

Assembly •

Top of Rail
~

S20x66 Monorail

~
..: fJ 1-.--J'6-Ton_T rolleys.

Bottom of Rail
\ JI
2 Required

J
0::::: i=

T,m"' ' ' ' & Rods With

Clevis Ends.

(w)
t')
~ II

DRY SIDE r-- Ufting Plates WET SIDE

Top of Gate ~ ..... I" ~~~.FIOOd

Lersurtace

- --
-i
r- Top Girder

0 I--- Intercostals
III ~
•
C\I
~
Skin Plate @ 1.92'Spa.

~ ~

VERTICAL SECTION THRU TOP OF GATE

AND TROLLEY SUPPORT

F·3
EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

Skin I ...--Intercostals @ 1.92' Spa.

Plate

DRY SIDE Bottom Girder WET SIDE

VERTICAL SECTION THRU SODOM GIRDER

F·4
 68.75' C.to C. Support Bm. Brg's

16·Ton Capacity
16-Ton Capacity

='7
Welded Steel Monorail
A Support Bm. Ass'Y'l P"',T....' \ 17.25'

"1 Trolley Spa.

I '\00 001
I
1
_~pedestal r Top of Wall
g
cD
T S20x66 Monorail rTOPGlrder Pedestal -I--

T-
-.J II
1/
iii
, I I
I
I
i
I
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
Ir:
I,
A
" I I I I I I I I ",
I I I I

End Oiaph.
"
II
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I-- C.L. Rail Support
ObI. Angle Strut I II I I I I I I
• II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I tlnd
II I I iii I i I I I I Oiaph.
" I I I I I I I I I I t
~ II I I I I I I I I I I I
~ II I I I I I 'I I I I I I
II I I I I I I I I I I I I
II I I I I , I I I I I I I
Intercostals II I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I
" I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Bottom Girder III "

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
r
"I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Sill
I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

~ 32.~, ---
SECTION A-A
l. Opening Width
·
m
WET SIDE ELEVATION 3:
........
w ....
.... 0
3:N
., N
.
III
......
." coo
~U1
UI
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

GIRDER DESIGN

in
o
5.898t<1ft
Top Gird.
3.916k1ft
Top Gird.
-3
0.0625

Bot. Gird. Bot-Gird.

12.86kIft 10.529k1ft

1.531ksl 1.344ksf

Case 12 Case 11

Girder Loadings

By inspection of the above loadings, design of the bottom girder

is governed by Case 11 and design of the top girder is controlled
by Case 12.
BOTTOM GIRDER: Eq. & Table No·s. IVe From AISC (1989).
Material ASTM A572-Gr.SO, Trial Section W36x230: S=837, rT=4.3
b r =16.50", Lb=17'=204", Fy =50ksi, L c =76(16.50)/(50)112 (F1-2)
L c =177.34"<Lb =204", Lb Ir =47.44
T
Fb =(213-50(47.44)2 I( 1530x10 3 »50xS/6=24.72ksi (F1-6)

M=10.529(34~ 18=1521.44k-ft=18257.28k-in
fb =MlS=18257.281837=21.81ksi<24.72ksi

USE W36x230 FOR BOTTOM GIRDER, A572-GR.50 STEEL

TOP GIRDER: Eq. & Table No·s. IVe From AISC (1989).
Material ASTM A572-Gr.50, Trial Section W36x135:S=439, rT=2.93
bf =12", Lb=204", L c =76bf I(F y )1/2 =129<204 (F1-2)

Lb /r =69.62
T
Fb =(213-50(69.62)2/(1530X10 3»50X1.11 =28.21ksi (F1-6)

M=5.898(34)2 /8=852.26k-ft=10227.1k-in
fb =MlS= 10227.1/439=23.30ksi<28.21 ksi

USE W36x135 FOR TOP GIRDER, ASTM A572-GR.50 STEEL

F-6
 EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

SKIN PLATE
p=water pressure 6- above bottom girder flange.
Skin plate stresses are critical for Case 11
p=0.0625(21.5-o.91-8.25/12-0.5)=1.213ksf=0.00842ksi
L=1.92'=23",M-pL2 /12=O.00842(23)2/12=O.3712k-in
Fb =(5/6)(3/4)36=22.50ksi, t min-stress =(6MIF b )1/2
t min-stress =(6XO.3712122.5)112 =0.3146"

Maximum deflection will occur under Case 12.

p=O.0625(24.5-o.91-8.25112-0.5)=1.400ksf=0.00972ksi
For deflection equal to 0.4t, t min-dell =(pL4 /12.8E) 1/4
tmin-defl =[0.00972(23)4/(12.8x29000))1/4 =0.2926"

I USE 318- SKIN PLATE. ASTM A36 I

11.336k 0.0599k1ft I- 3/8- Skin Plate ~ ·

Top Gird. ~ ,.... i:::::::==============:::;:;:==============::j
:n
(")
y ..; 1=384.98
x;----------t+-----x
.
N
10
S(min)=59.05

cD
21.981k
2.8259
Bot. Gird.
klft WT10.5x31 --1
Intercostal Load Intercostal section
Intercostal Stresses Are Critical For Case 12.
My =11.336y-o.0300y2_0.02 y 3. My is maximum at y=13.26'
M max =98.41k-ft=11S0.92k-in
Lb=6.0S·=73", L c =76bf /(F y )1/2 =104.37">73" (F1-2)
Section is compact. Fb =1.11 (2/3)F y =1.11 (213)(36)=26.67ksi
f b =MlS= 1180.92/59.05=20.00ksi<26.67ksi

I USE WT10.5x31 INTERCOSTALS, ASTM A36

F-7
EM 1110-2-2705
31 Mar 94

MONORAIL SUPPORT BEAM

12" x 3/4" PI t
aal Gate Wt.=49k
P=Trolley Load=49/2=24.5k
1=lmpact=P/4=6.125k
P+I=30.625k
W=Wt.Supp't.Bm.& Rail=0.42k1ft

1=21530 L=Span =68.75'

x x
S=1162 a=Trolley Spacing= 17.25'

W36x135

M=(P+I)(L-al2)2 1(2xL)+WL2 /8
M=30.625(68.75-8.625)2 1137.5

12"x3/4 " PlateJ

(Marl. ASTM A36)
+0.42(68. 75)2 /8=1053.33k-ft=12640k-in
fb =MlS=12640/1162=10.88ksi o.k.
understrassed

Rail Support Section

CHECK DEFLECTION:
L=68.75'=825", a=17.25'=207", W=0.42k1ft=0.035k/in
Live Load Deft.= .6.LL =P(L3 -3a 2 L+2a3 )/24EI
L::::.. LL =24.5[(825)3 -3(207)2 (825)+2(207)3 Y(24x29000x21530)=

=0.774", L::::..LLlL=0.774/825=1 /1 066<1/1 000 o.k.

Total Defl.=0.774"+5WL I384EI4 =L::::..T

L::::.. T=5(0.035)(825)4 1(384x29000x21530)+0.774-=1.112"

L::::.. T /L=1.1121825=1/742<11700 o.k.

Size of Section is Controlled By Deflection.

USE 2-W36x135 With 12"x3/4" Plate Top & Bottom

CAMBER BEAM FOR TOTAL DEFLECTION

F-8
 EM 1110·2·2705
31 Mar 94

GATE HANGERS
P+Io=30.625k

Use 1.50· Dia. Rods with 2" Dia. Upset Threaded Ends. Number
5 Clevises with 2" Dia. Pins. and Standard Tumbuckles.

Material: ASTM A36.

Safe Load For Clevises=37.5k>30.625k
Safe Load For Turnbuckles=37.2k>30.625k
ROD TENSION:
AR =Cross Sectional Area of Rod= 1.767
AT =Cross Sectional Area at Threads=2.50
Ft =A1lowable Tension=18ksi
f t (rod)=30.625/1.767= 17.33ksi<18ksi
f t (thread)=30.62512.50=12.25ksi

Note: The maximum angle (from vertical) that the gate may
rotate without inducing moment in the hangers is 2.8624 degrees.
This is determined from the tolerances between the clevis and the
lifting plate at the top of the gate.

W=Weight of Gate=49k, P=Horizontal Wind Load.

Y p =Distance below clevis to line of action of wind load. = 12.0'
Y w=Distance below clevis of gate C.G.= 12.73'
A o =Gate opening area=32x24.5=784Sq.Ft.
X=Horizontal displacement of gate C.G'=Yw Sin(2.8624)=0.6357'
p=Wind load=0.00256V2 • V=Wind speed in MPH.
P=Wind 10ad=pA o =WXlYp =49000(0.6357)/12.00=2595.78
p=2595.781A o =3.311psf
V2 =plO.OO256=3.311/0.00256=1293.36. V=35.96 MPH.

This indicates that gate must be latched in position for wind

speeds in excess of 35MPH.

GATE MUST ALWAYS BE LATCHED WHEN IN CLOSED POSITION

F·9