ABSTRACT

Brown's gas (HHO) has recently been introduced to the auto industry as a

new source of energy. The present work proposes the design of a new device

attached to the engine to integrate an HHO production system with the gasoline

engine. The proposed HHO generating device is compact and can be installed in

the engine compartment. This auxiliary device was integrated and tested on a

gasoline engine. Four stroke single cylinder engine was procured for the project.

Experiment setup were designed and fabricated. HHO gas kit was installed with

engine. Emission analysis has been done by using Petrol and Petrol-HHO

separately on engine. It has been found that around 20% reduction in fuel

consumption is achieved by using petrol-HHO and appreciable amount of

reduction in emission of pollutants such as CO, unburned hydro carbons and CO 2

particularly during the idle condition.

 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Properties of Fuels

Table 2 :Performance of engine with and without HHO

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1:Process diagram of alkaline electrolysis Electricity

Fig 2: Photo-electrolysis
Fig 3: Principle of photo-biological hydrogen production
Fig 4 : 4 Stroke operating cycle
Fig 5: Simple Carburetor
Fig 6 :Schematic diagram showing the fuel cell installed on the
engine
Fig 7 : HHO Cell
Fig 8 : working of hho generater
Fig 9 : Schematic sketch of the engine chemical reactions
Fig 10 : The Relation of Engine Speed (RPM) & CO(%)
Fig 11 : The Relation of Engine Speed (RPM) & HC (ppm)
Fig 12 : Engine Speed (PPM) & CO2(%)
Fig 13 : The Relation of Engine Speed (RPM) & O2 (%)
 1. INTRODUCTION
Global warming is considered one of the major problems the scientific
community has to face. Many theories refer to the increase of exhaust gases
concentration in the atmosphere as one of the major causes of the global
warming. Industrial plants and automobiles are the major source of the exhaust
gases. Since they utilize the power associated with oil combustion as energy
source. Emissions are simply the exhaust or leftovers of combustion coming out
of an engine. An emissions test is normally done with a probe placed into the
exhaust stream. The emission sampler, which is known as gas analyzers, mea-
sures five types of gases. These gases are HC, NOX, O2, CO, and CO2. HC
which refers to hydrocarbons, are simply another term for unburned fuel that
makes it way through the engine and out the exhaust. Smog intensity is
proportional to the amount of HC's in the exhaust. HC's is also considered
hazardous when inhaled. NOx refers to oxides of Nitrogen. High NO emission
is usually noticed with highly heated and compressed air that has nitrogen in
it.NOX is another bad emission to breath at high levels. O2 which is unburned
oxygen in the exhaust is also measured. Although O2 is obviously not bad, it is
tested to better understand the combustion characteristics.
 Many things can produce high HC's such as advanced timing, and bad
catalytic converter. NOx is generally worse on higher compression engines. All
engines produce NOx but the use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve (EGR)
valves will cool and slow down the combustion rate of the engine. This
considerably lowers NOX values.

CO has to do with the efficiency of the combustion in the engine and also is
highly affected by the fuel to air ratio of the engine. CO2 is also an indicator of
the engines set up. The HC's and NOx are by far the largest problem areas.
Catalytic converters clean the majority of the emissions and need to be replaced
when they break internally causing a loss in power and no longer effective.

A shift in scientist's interests, recently observed, toward lower fuel

consumption and emission engines take place. This encourages researchers to
seek for alternative solutions to be used in engines without the need for a
dramatic change in the vehicle design. Among those using H2 as an alternative
fuel which enhances the engine efficiency and runs with almost zero pollution
effect. However, this is not a viable solution from a commercial point view.
Building a system that generates H2 and integrated it with the engine system
makes the manufacturing cost too expensive, which reflects on the vehicle
market price. Other researchers use a blend show that mixing H2 with natural
gas enhances the combustion efficiency and reduces the emissions level. They
refer this to the shorter flame development and propagation periods associated
with the case where H2 was used. Studied the effect of HHO gas addition on
spark ignition engines. His results showed significant enhancements in the
emission performance due to the presence of HHO .
 The main objective of the present study is to introduce some of the hydrogen
advantages and maintain the original specifications of the engine. This may be
attained by introducing HHO cell to the fuel supplying system. So, the fuel
becomes a mixture of gasoline and HHO gas. A compact unit for generating
HHO gas has been designed to fit the engine requirement and to be installed in
the engine room.