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GRAPHICAL INTERFACES
Jean-Michel Couturier
LMA-CNRS
31, chemin Joseph Aiguier 13402 Marseille cedex 20
couturier@lma.cnrs-mrs.fr
a b
3. ETHERACTION: INTERPRETATION OF AN
ELECTROACOUSTIC PIECE
Group 5
2.3. Graphical interfaces and interpretation
Group 6
If the graphical interfaces help to build digital musical
instrument, they can be even more efficient to interpret a
Figure 5. Etheraction overview. Each group
musical piece, especially if a lot of parameters have to be corresponds to a different sound process. For the
manipulated but not all at the same time, as when sound live version, the different groups of sound processes
processes differ along the piece. Numerous objects can be are dispatched on two devices (gray, white); Group 5
designed, from current graphical interface buttons and elements are generated auto-matically and are
sliders to specific synthesis objects (like interacting with functions of group 4 interactions.
a string through the pointing fingers device). Graphical
Group 1 uses scanned synthesis method [12] [5] with 4.1. First device
spectral aliasing. Sounds of group 2 come from 8 filters
banks (with 8 filters each); the input sound is first a The graphical interface of the first device is controlled by
recorded sound and next a pink noise. Each filter banks an interactive pen display, a mouse and a 2D pedal (a
is manipulated by a physical model of slow moving modified joystick). The 2D pedal is dedicated to only
string: the string contains 8 masses and each mass one part of the interface, the spatialisation; the control of
position controls the gain of one filter. Each filter bank spatialisation consists in the displacement of a point in a
is associated to one channel (speaker). Group 3 is a mere 2D space. The other graphical objects are controlled by
texture of loud sound that only changes in dynamics. the pen and the mouse; to manage the graphical objects
Sounds of group 4 come from filtering string instrument and to enable the use of several pointers in a same
[2], with some improvements. Sounds of Group 5 are graphical interface, I use a specific Max/MSP object that
short sounds from the filtering string instrument. They I have designed for the Pointing Fingers device (section
are mixed to create precise responses to some group 4 2.1).
events. Group 6 is very close to group 4, but has
different presets, that enable the production of very Control of damping Circular control Numerical display
different sounds. (D) and centering of the “extra” of the “extra”
stiffness (C) parameter parameter
Loudness of
3.2. Etheraction live version group 3 texture (C) and (D) Presets Pen tip pointer
The more important difficulty was to build devices that
enable to play all the elements of the piece, from the
beginning to the end: in the recorded version, all events
were created one by one, spatialised one by one, and then
mixed together. To interpret the piece, a lot of sound
processes have to be controlled and spatialised
simultaneously. For the live version, the spatialisation
has been made on four speakers to reduce the
computation. All the devices have been built to keep the
general spirit of the original version.
To design the devices that enable to perform
Etheraction in live, I have first analyzed all the sound
processes that were used in the recorded version, and
have tried to see what processes could be grouped
together and played with the same device. The idea was
to share out the group processes in a minimum number Spatialisation Scanned Synthesis String
of devices, keeping the cohesion of each element. Each
device has been built to be controlled by one performer:
he has to be able to control alone all the parameters. All Figure 6. Graphical interface of the first device. The
devices are based on interaction with graphical interfaces, graphical objects can be manipulated with an
following the method we are applying to design digital interactive pen display and a mouse; the
musical instruments [1], adapted to the use of graphical spatialisation is controlled by a 2D pedal. The pen
interface. Starting from sound process, I try to define a tip pressure controls the amount of force applied o n
minimum set of control parameters, then, I try to find the string and corresponds to the radius of the circle
in the middle of the pen tip pointer. (the mouse
which parameters could be controlled trough the pointer is not on the figure).
graphical interface and which have to be controlled by an
“external” controller. The graphical objects are defined The circular control of the “extra” parameter (a
according to the nature of the parameters they are deformation of the force profile applied on the string) is
controlling; when it was necessary, I have integrated in incremental: turn clockwise will increase the parameter,
the graphical interface some visual feedbacks of the and inversely; this enables a precise control on a very
gesture done on the “external” controllers. large scale. The string damping and centering stiffness
As seen in figure 5, there are five groups that are controlled by a 2D slider; to help the performer, four
intervene at different parts of the piece. Those groups presets of these parameters can be loaded thanks to
have been displayed on two devices; those devices are buttons. The loud texture of group 3 is controlled by a
described in the next section. slider, and a visual feedback of the string shape is
displayed at the bottom right.
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICES
4.2. Second device
As seen before, all sound processes can be controlled by
only two devices; this section introduces those devices. This device is much more complex, because the sound
All graphical interfaces were created with Jitter, the video processes are not the same along the piece, and there are
complement of Max/MSP. The synthesis technique and numerous parameters to drive simultaneously. To lighten
the mapping were implemented in Max/MSP. the graphical interface, I have created three different
graphical interfaces, one for each part of the piece (figure
7); the performer can switch between the interfaces using interfaces and lock or unlock the pen on the control of
tabs. the spatialisation.
The spatialisation control uses the pen tip coordinates
and the tilt: the displacement of the two extremities of
1st part the pen (perpendicularly to the tablet) controls the
Tabs position of the two channels that are spatialised.
String
Spatialisation of
two channels
3rd part