**FIRSTUNIT**

**QUESTIONSSTART**
a) Formulate the expression for specific work output and the efficiency of a
simple cycle. Draw their trends as a function of pressure ratio.

b) Calculate the cycle thermal efficiency, the work ratio and net shaft work per
Kg of air for a gas turbine the pressure ratio in which air at 15°C is compressed is
6. The same air is then heated to a maximum permissible temperature of 7500C.
First in a heat exchanger and then combustion chamber. It is then expanded in
two stages such that the expansion work is maximum. The air is heated to 7500C
after the first stage.

**NEXTQUESTION**
a) Construct schematic diagram of a simple gas turbine cycle and explain
briefly the working of the cycle. Draw the P-V and T-S diagrams of the
cycle.

b) Investigate the following for a gas turbine plant operates between 5C

and 839C.
(i) Pressure ratio at which cycle efficiency equals Carnot cycle efficiency
(ii) Pressure ratio at which maximum work is obtained.
(iii) Efficiency under conditions giving maximum work.

**NEXTQUESTION**
a) Explain the important observations from the specific work output and
efficiency variation as a function of pressure ratio for the simple cycle with
reheat and heat exchange
b) Predict the net power output from the unit and also the thermal
efficiency for a gas turbine unit operates at a mass flow of 30 Kg/s. Air
enters the compressor at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature 150C and is
discharged from the compressor at a pressure of 10.5 bars. Combustion
occurs at constant pressure and results in a temperature rise of 420 K. If
the flow leaves the turbine at a pressure of 1.2 bars. Take CP=1.005 KJ/Kg
K and γ=1.4.
**NEXTQUESTION**
a) Construct the schematic diagram of a simple cycle with intercooler
and explain briefly the working principle. Draw also the P-V and T-S
diagrams of the cycle.

b) Calculate the following for a gas turbine plant , air enters the
compressor at 1 bar and 270C. The pressure ratio is 6. The temperature at
turbine inlet is 1000 K. The mass flow rate of air is 10 Kg/s.
(i) Power required driving the compressor and the turbine power output
(ii) The ratio of the turbine to compressor work
(iii) The net power developed by the plant and
(iv)The thermal efficiency

**NEXTQUESTION**

Calculate the power developed and thermal efficiency of an open cycle

constant pressure gas turbine, air enters the compressor at 1 bar and 300
K. The pressure ratio is 4:1. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor
and turbine are 78% and 85% respectively. The air fuel ratio is 80:1, if
the flow rate of air is 2.5 kg/sec. Assume CP = 1.005 and = 1.4 for air and
gases

**NEXTQUESTION**

a) Formulate an equation to prove efficiency of simple gas turbine depends only

on pressure ratio and nature of gas.
(b) Predict (i)The compressor work/kg of Air (ii)The turbine work per kg of air
(iii)The heat supplied per kg air(iv)cycle efficiency (v)Turbine Exhausts
temperature for a gas turbine plant working on Brayton cycle the air at inlet is at
27℃, 0.1 MPa. Pressure ratio is 6.25 and maximum temperature is 8000c. The
turbine and compressor efficiencies are each 80%.

**NEXTQUESTION**

airair
each 80 %. Find : (i) The compressor Work/kg of air. (ii) The turbine Work
per kg of air. (iii) The heat supplied per kg of air. (iv)
Cycle efficiency. (v) Turbine exhausts temperature.
 (a) Formulate an equation for an optimum pressure ratio to give a
maximum specific work output.
(b) calculate the net power output of the cycle in MW for a gas turbine
operates on a pressure ratio of 6.The inlet air temperature to the
compressor is 300K and the air entering the turbine is at temperature of
5770C. If the volume rate of air entering the compressor is 240m3/s, also
compute its efficiency.

UNIT-II
1.(a ) Explain various assumptions made in practical cycle analysis?

b) In a gas turbine the compressor taken in air at a temperature of 270C and

compresses it to five times the initial pressure with an isentropic efficiency of
85%. The air is then passed through a regenerator heated by the turbine
exhaust before reaching the combustion chamber. The effectiveness of the
regenerator is 80%. The maximum temperature after constant pressure
combustion is 6770C and the efficiency of the turbine is 80%. Neglecting all
losses except mentioned and assuming the working fluid throughout the cycle
to have the characteristics of air,
(i) Construct the T-S diagram (ii) Calculate the efficiency of the cycle.
2) For a gas turbine operating at a pressure ratio of 8.7 the maximum
temperature ratio to be maintained such that the turbine just supports the
compressor, which is given by tmin=3.0. If the compressor inlet total
temperature and the turbine efficiency are respectively 300 K and 075.
Calculate:(i) The compressor efficiency
(ii) The temperature ratio at which the compressor work is 80% of the power
produced by turbine. Also find the corresponding heat addition and network
output per unit mass flow in the gas turbine. Take CPa=1.147 KJ/Kg K.

3) The following data refer to a closed cycle gas turbine plant using helium as
working fluid and incorporating two stage compression with inter-cooling and
two stage expansion with reheating; temperature at entry to each compression
stage is 2700C. Pressure at entry to first compression stage and exit from the
second turbine stage is 1bar; first compression stage pressure ratio is 6, each
compressor stage isentropic efficiency is 0.85; temperature at inlet to each
expansion stage is 11500C; isentropic efficiency of each expansion stage is 0.9;
reheat pressure is 6 bar; for helium polytropic index n is 1.24 and R is 10.05
KJ/Kg K. Calculate the cycle thermal efficiency.

4) In the gas turbine plant shown, each compressor operates on a pressure ratio
of 3 and an isentropic efficiency of 82%. After the low pressure compressor,
sum of the air is extracted and passed to a combustion chamber from which the
products leave at a temperature of 6500C and expand in power turbine. The
remainder of the air passes through the high pressure compressor and into a
combustion chamber from which it leaves at a temperature of 5400C and
expands in a turbine which drives both the compressors. The isentropic
efficiency of each turbine is 87%. If the temperature of the air at inlet to the low
pressure compressor is 150C. Calculate the percentage of total air intake that
passes to the power turbine and the thermal efficiency of the plant. For
compression assume CP =1.005 KJ/Kg K and γ=1.4. For heating and expansion
CP=1.147 KJ/Kg K and γ=1.33

5(a)prove that work ratio increases with re-heating .prove the expression
for intermediate pressure for open cycle gas turbine plant
(b)Explain the working principle of turboprop engine and list out its merits
and demerits
(6) a) Explain the advantages & disadvantages of gas turbines.
(b)A Joule’s gas turbine cycle with perfect inter-cooling & reheating
operates with ideal air between 1 bar, 300 K and 5 bar, 1000 K. Air is
compressed in two stages similarly turbine expansion occurs in two
stages. Calculate the optimum pressure, net work output. Also plot T-S
diagram.

(7) (a) Formulate the expression for specific work output and the efficiency
of a simple gas turbine cycle with inter cooler. Draw the trends as a
function of pressure ratio
b) An air standard intercooled gas turbine cycle operates at an overall
pressure ratio of 4 between 300K and 1000K.Calculate specific work
output and thermal Efficiency. Compare these values with basic cycle as
well

1
a. Explain thrust, thrust power and rocket propulsion?
b. Compare the difference between Open and Closed cycle gas turbines with
diagram?
c. Construct the diagram of Ram JET ENGINE and name the parts?
d. Construct semi-closed cycle gas turbine plant?
e. Write a short note on turbo prop engine?
2
a. Construct the inter-cooling and reheating systems?
b. Explain various methods used to improve efficiency of a gas turbine?
c. State cycle air flow rate?
d. State cycle work ratio?
e. Explain regeneration? how it can be done?
3
a. Write a short note on turbojet engine?
b. Write a short note on turbofan engine?
c. Describe inter cooling ?how it can be done?
 d. List the assumptions made in practical cycle analysis?
e. Construct the schematic diagram of a simple cycle?
4
a. Write the applications of gas turbines?
b. Explain reheating?
c. Construct schematic diagram for inter-cooling with reheating
d. Write the formula of optimum pressure ratio for maximum specific
workout put.
e. Write down the formula for thermal efficiency of brayton cycle

1 a) Explain thrust augmentation ?

b) Construct the layout of a turbojet engine
c) List the forces on the rocket
d) State staging of rocket?
e) Explain the meaning of jet propulsion?

2 a) Explain the meaning of plasma arc propulsion?

b) Write how rockets are classified?
c) Explain the principle of ramjet engine?
d) List the advantages and disadvantages of a ramjet engine
e) List the classifications of jet propulsion?
3 a) Write the applications of ramjet engine
b) Write how rockets are classified?
c) List different types of injectors used in rocket technology
d) write the principle of jet propulsion
e) Explain the need for cryogenics?
4 a) Construct a T-S diagram for turbojet engine?
b) List the applications of cryogenics?
c) Construct the thermodynamic cycle of the ramjet ?
d) List different types of expansion nozzles used in rocket technology?
e) Write the applications of plasma arc propulsion?