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Físico química I
Sofía Terán y Paul Castro
001301329 y 00132426
Question 1
Choose two different substances mentioned in table 1 of the sheet tables. Copy their
names into sheet pvT-calc. Calculate for these substances the van der Waals parameters a and b,
by copying the critical temperature Tc, the critical pressure pc and the critical molar volume vc
of these substances into sheet pvT-calc.
En las tablas encontradas en las hojas de Excel pvT-cal se tomaron como base los datos de la Tc,
Pc y Vc de n-butano y n-pentano.
Tabla 1. Constantes a y b de Van der Waals, temperatura, presión y volumen crítico para n-
butano y n-pentano
Question 2
Calculate, using sheet pvT-calc, for the two substances chosen in question 1, how the
pressure depends on the molar volume. Do this for a few temperatures. Consider for instance
temperatures that are above, slightly above, and slightly below the critical temperature. Compare
the results you have obtained for the ideal gas equation of state and the Van der Waals equation
of state. What do you conclude?
n-Pentano:
Figura 1. Presión vs volumen molar para el n- pentano a T=250K
Question 3
Now we are going to use sheet Maxwell to perform the Maxwell construction for the two
substances you have chosen in question 1. For a given temperature the liquid phase is
equilibrium with the vapour phase when Area 1=Area 2.
● Calculate for each of the two substances you have chosen for four temperatures the
pressure p and the molar volumes v at which the liquid phase is in equilibrium with the
gas phase. The Maxwell construction is good enough when the difference between areas
1 and 2 is less than 2%. Do also write down the temperatures at which you have
performed these calculations!
● Add to these data also critical temperature, critical pressure and critical volume you have
calculated in question 1.
● Construct using these data a p-v phase diagram in sheet worksheet. This phase diagram
has several names: the gas-liquid coexistence curve or the binodal or the saturation curve
or the equilibrium curve.
Tabla 2. Diferencias de áreas para n- butano y n-pentano con temperaturas superiores a la Tc.
Nombre de la n-pentano n-butano
sustancia
Question 4
How can you derive the liquid-gas coexistence curve (in a p-T diagram) using the data you
have obtained in question 3. Plot this curve in sheet worksheet for one of the substances. When compare
this curve qualitatively with figure 2, which branch of figure 2 have you just plotted
P [Pa] T [K]
3101162 460
2835319 450
2463288 435
2346298 430
2015987 415
1912687 410
1716040 400
1697120 399
Podemos ver que los datos no generan una línea recta sino, unas leves curvaturas a lo
larga de esta. Usando la gráfica como base podemos observar que nos encontramos en la sección
de líquido-gas ya que estamos trabajando con temperaturas altas y presiones altas.
Question 5
Plot in sheet worksheet for two substances, the reduced pressure pr as a function of the
reduced molar volume r at the same reduced temperature Tr in a single graph. Take the critical
constants as calculated by the program in sheet pvT-calc.