SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

1. Introduction

In most of the large cities, the temperature at the heart or the center of the city is noted to be higher
than its surroundings or the suburban area. The phenomenon is called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect
(Adinna et al. 2009; Synnefa et al. 2008). In other words, cities demonstrate greater temperature in its
center than the surrounding rural areas, which is known as Urban Heat Island effect (Yamamoto 2006).
There forms a temperature difference between the cities and the surrounding suburbs because of the
effect (Yamamoto 2006) which causes discomfort to the city dwellers. When a huge amount of natural
land is replaced by artificial built surface that absorbs incoming solar radiation or heat and re-radiate it
at night, itdevelops (Oke 1982 and Quattrochi et al. 2000). Furthermore, to meet the demand ,more
generation of power is needed, which results increased amount of greenhouse gases emission and
decline of climate. One of the vital reasons for the formation of UHI is the large amount of built up
surfaces like concrete, asphalt which has ahigh heat capacity (Akbari et al. 2001).

2. Causes of Urban Heat Island and Its Effects

 Low amount evaporation because of less vegetation

 Absorption of solar radiation due to low albedo
 Hindrance to the flow of air because of higher rugosity
 High amount of anthropogenic heat release
 However, there are a number of factors which contribute to
 The formation of Urban Heat Island. The factors which play
 Significant role in the creation of UHI are described below.

THE PARAMETERS EFFECT ON SUSTAINABLE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

The aim of today’s design and construction is to achieve secure, healthy and comfortable environment
which at the same time addresses sustainability and impact on natural environment. In 1987 the
Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, alerted the world to the urgency of making
progress toward economic development that could be sustained without depleting natural resources or
harming the environment. Published by an international group of politicians, civil servants and experts
on the environment and development, the report provided a key statement on sustainable
development, defining it as: “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Brundtland Report, 1987).
 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
THE PARAMETERS EFFECT ON SUSTAINABLE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT DESIGN

The objective of modern built environment design and construction is provide healthy and safety space
requirements and comfort conditions such as

• Thermal comfort by controlling the influence of climatic elements;

• Visual comfort by controlling the natural light;

• Acoustic comfort by reducing the noise to an acceptable level.

The design parameters, which considered in this context are,

• User related parameters;

• Physical environmental parameters;

• Building related design parameters;

• Legal parameters.

All this parameters related to each other and they should be taken into consideration depending on
each other at the design stage. Moreover the designer restrict-ed in the scope of his/her planning by
the framework of related parameters such as .

• Social-cultural parameters • economical parameters • technological parameters.

 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

EARTH AIR TUNNELS

INTRODUCTION

 Energy Saving: One of the most important global challenges

 Energy Efficiency:
 Demand Side: Energy efficient Building Envelopes (direct systems), Earth Air Tunnels (indirect
systems) etc.

EARTH-AIRTUNNEL: PRINCIPLE

 Underground heat exchanger

Also called:

 Earth-Air Heat Exchangers

 Air-to-soil Heat Exchangers
 Earth Canals etc.
 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
SOLAR CHIMNEY
In its simplest form, the solar chimney [3] consists of a black-painted chimney. During the
day solar energy heats the chimney and the air within it, creating an updraft of air in the
chimney. The suction created at the chimney's base can be used to ventilate and cool the
building below [4]. In most parts of the world it is easier to harness wind power, but on hot
windless days a solar chimney can provide ventilation where otherwise there would be
none.

There are however a number of solar chimney variations. The basic design elements of a
solar chimney are:

 The solar collector area: This can be located in the top part of the chimney or
can include the entire shaft. The orientation, type of glazing, insulation and thermal
properties of this element are crucial for harnessing, retaining and utilizing solar
gains
 The main ventilation shaft: The location, height, cross section and the thermal

properties of this structure are also very important.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN