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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of any project brings with it a sense of satisfaction, but it is
never complete without thanking those people who made it possible and whose
constant support has crowned our efforts with success.

One cannot even imagine the power of the force that guides us all and neither
can we succeed without acknowledging it. Our deepest gratitude to Almighty God for
holding our hands and guiding us throughout our lives.

I would also like to express our gratitude to Prof. S E Mendhe, Head of the
Department, Electronics and Communicationation LDRP Institute of Technology &
Research, Gandhinagar for encouraging and inspiring us to carry out the project in the
department lab.
I would also like to thank our guide, Mr. Rahul Patel of Electronics and
Communication Dept. for his expert guidance, encouragement and valuable
suggestions at every step.
We also would like to thank all the staff members of Electronics and
Communication Dept. for providing us with the required facilities and support
towards the completion of the project.
We are extremely happy to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to
our parents for their constant support and encouragement and last but not the least,
friends and well wishers for their help and cooperation and solutions to problems
during the course of the project.
Also our friends Mr. Chinmayananda Das Dept. of Applied Electronics &
Instrumentation Engineering at Dhaneswar Rath Institute of Engineering &
Management Studies, Cuttack who provided solutions at times when we were against
the wall in need of help.

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SYNOPSIS
Appropriate environmental conditions are necessary for optimum plant growth,
improved crop yields, and efficient use of water and other resources. Automating the
data acquisition process of the soil conditions and various climatic parameters that
govern plant growth allows information to be collected at high frequency with less
labor requirements. The existing systems employ PC or SMS-based systems for
keeping the user continuously informed of the conditions inside the greenhouse; but
are unaffordable, bulky, difficult to maintain and less accepted by the technologically
unskilled workers.

The objective of this project is to design a simple, easy to install, microcontroller-

based circuit to monitor and record the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture
and sunlight of the natural environment that are continuously modified and controlled
in order optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield. The controller
used is a low power, cost efficient chip manufactured by ATMEL having 8K bytes of
on-chip flash memory. It communicates with the various sensor modules in real-time
in order to control the light, aeration and drainage process efficiently inside a
greenhouse by actuating a cooler, fogger, dripper and lights respectively according to
the necessary condition of the crops. An integrated Liquid crystal display (LCD) is
also used for real time display of data acquired from the various sensors and the status
of the various devices. Also, the use of easily available components reduces the
manufacturing and maintenance costs. The design is quite flexible as the software can
be changed any time. It can thus be tailor-made to the specific requirements of the
user.

This makes the proposed system to be an economical, portable and a low maintenance
solution for greenhouse applications, especially in rural areas and for small scale
agriculturists.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 01-03

1.1 Introduction 01
1.2 Current Scenario 01
1.2.1 Manual Setup 01
1.2.2 Partially Automated Setup 02
1.2.3 Fully Automated 02
1.3 Problem Definition 02
1.4 Proposed model for automation of Greenhouse 03

2. Chapter 2: BASIC MODEL 04-07

2.1 Basic model of the System 04
2.2 Part of the system 04
2.3 Transducer (Data Acquisition System) 05
2.4 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) 05
2.5 Microcontroller 05
2.6 Actuator 05
2.6 Display Unit 06
2.8 Steps followed in designing the System 06
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3. Chapter 3: HARDWARE 08-54

3.1 Transducer 08
3.1.1 Soil Moisture 09
3.1.1.1 Feature 09
3.1.1.2 Functional Description 09
3.1.2 Light Sensor 11
3.1.2.1 Functional Description 11
3.1.3 Humidity Sensor 13
3.1.3.1 Feature 13
3.1.2.2 Functional Description 14
3.1.4 Temperature Sensor 15
3.1.4.1 Feature 15
3.1.4.2 Functional Description 16
3.2 Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) 17
3.2.1 Functional Description 17
3.2.2 Feature 18
3.2.3 Conversion Method Used 19
3.2.4 Pin Diagram of ADC 0808/0809 21
3.2.5 Selection of input channel 22
3.2.6 Clock Circuitry for ADC 25
3.2.6.1 Functional Description 25
3.3 Microcontroller (AT89S52) 27
3.3.1 Criteria for choosing microcontroller 27
3.3.2 Functional Description 28
3.3.3 Feature 29
3.3.4 Pin Configuration 30
3.3.5 Block Diagram 30
3.3.6 Pin Description 31
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3.4 Power –On Reset Circuit 33

3.5 AT89S52 Oscillator Clock Circuit 35
3.6 Special function Resistor 36
3.7 Memory Organization 37
3.8 Watchdog Timer (One time Enable with Reset Out ) 39
3.9 Timer & Counters 39
3.10 Interrupts 41
3.11 Microcontroller Configuration used in the setup 42
3.12 Liquid Crystal Display 44
3.12.1 Signal to LCD 45
3.12.2 Logic Status to control Lines 45
3.12.3 Writing & Reading the Data from LCD 46
3.12.4 Pin Description 46
3.13 Alarm Circuitry 47
3.13.1 Buzzer 47
3.14 Relays 49
3.15 Power Supply Connection 52
3.16 All Circuit Diagram at a single snap 54

4 Chapter 4: SOFTWARE 55-63

4.1 Introduction to KEIL Software 55
4.1.1 What is µVersion 3? 55
4.1.2 Steps followed in creating an application in µV3 55
4.1.3 Device Database 61
4.1.4 Peripheral Simulation 61
4.2 Programmer 61
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5 Chapter 5: FLOW CHART 64-67

5.1 Flow chart representation of the working of the system 64
5.2 Flow chart for LCD Initializing 65
5.3 Flow chart for ADC Initializing 67

6 Chapter 6: RESULT ANALYSIS 68-70

6.1 Result Analysis 68
6.1.1 Transducer Readings 68
6.1.1.1 Soil Moisture Readings 68
6.1.1.2 Light Sensor Reading 68
6.1.1.3 Humidity Sensor Reading 69
6.1.1.4 Temperature Sensor Reading 70

7 Chapter 7: ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 71

7.1 Advantages 71
7.2 Disadvantages 71

8 Chapter 8: FUTURE SCOPE 72

8.1 Scope for Future Development 72

9 Chapter 9: CNCLUSION 73
9.1 Conclusion 73
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i
LIST OF FIGURE

1 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Basic Model of the System 04

3 Chapter 3: HARDWAER
3.1 Moisture Sensor 09
3.2 Light Dependent Resistor 11
3.3 Light Sensor Circuit 12
3.4 HIH4000-001 Humidity Sensor 13
3.5 Humidity Sensor Circuit 14
3.6 LM35 Temperature Sensor 15
3.7 Temperature Sensor Circuit 16
3.8 Getting data from analog world 17
3.9 Block Diagram of ADC 18
3.10 Flowchart of ADC 20
3.11 Pin Diagram of ADC 21
3.12 ADC Pin Details 23
3.13 Timing Diagram of ADC 24
3.14 Clock Circuit for ADC 25
3.15 Effect of using Schmitt Trigger 26
3.16 Pin Diagram of AT89S52 30
3.17 Block Diagram of Microcontroller 30
3.18 Power-On Reset Circuit 33
3.19 AT89S52 Oscillator Clock Circuit 35
3.20 Internal Memory Blocks 38
3.21 Microcontroller Configuration 43
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3.22 Address location for a 2X16 line LCD 44

3.23 Pin Diagram of 2X16 line LCD 46
3.24 Pin Description of the LCD 47
3.25 Electrical Symbol of a Buzzer 47
3.26 Buzzer Circuitry 48
3.27 Sugar Cube Relay 49
3.28 "C" denotes the common terminal in SPDT and DPDT Types 50
3.29 Relay Circuitry 51
3.30 +5V Power Supply Circuit 53
3.31 +12V Power Supply Circuit 53
3.32 Full Circuit View 54

4 Chapter 4: SOFTWAER
4.1 Windows for choosing the Target Device 56
4.2 Project Workspace Panel 57
4.3 Project Option Dialog box 57
4.4 “Save All” and “Build All Target Files” Buttons 58
4.5 µVision3 Debugger window 59
4.6 Reset’, ‘Run’ and ‘Step into’ options 60
4.7 Programming window 63
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List of Table

2 Chapter 2: BASIC MODEL

2.1 Variables typically used in Greenhouse Control 06

3 Chapter 3: HARDWAER
3.1 Selecting an Analog Channel 21
3.2 Alternate Functions of Port 3 32

6 Chapter 6: RESULT ANALYSIS

6.1 Soil Moisture Sensor Reading 68
6.2 Light Sensor Readings 68
6.3 Humidity Sensor Readings 69
6.4 Temperature Sensor Readings 70