Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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School-based Assessment is a holistic In 2011, in parallel with the KSSR, the new
assessment which assesses the cognitive, PBS format that is intended to be more:
affective, and psychomotor domains • Holistic
encompassing intellectual, emotional, spiritual
and physical aspects. Thus, it is in tandem with
• Integrated
the Primary School Standard Curriculum as well • Balance
as the National Educational Philosophy. It covers • Robust
both academic and non-academic fields. It is
carried out continuously in schools by teachers
during the teaching and learning process.
4 Components of SBA/ PBS There are four components to the new PBS:
Academic: 1. School assessment
refers to written tests that assess subject
1. School Assessment (using Performance
Standards) learning.
The test questions and marking schemes are
2. Centralised Assessment
developed, administered, scored, and
Non-academic: reported by school teachers based on
3. Physical Activities, Sports and Co-curricular guidance from LP
Assessment (Pentaksiran Aktiviti Jasmani, The emphasis is on collecting first hand
Sukan dan Kokurikulum - PAJSK) information about pupils’ learning based on
4. Psychometric/Psychological Assessment curriculum standards
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In 2014, the PMR national examinations will be The School-based assessment results
replaced with school and centralised assessment. conducted by the teachers are reliable
In 2016, a student’s UPSR grade will no longer be because they:
derived from a national examination alone, but 1. Continuously monitor their pupil’s growth
from a combination of PBS and the national 2. Can provide constructive feedback to help
examination. improve pupil’s learning abilities
The format of the SPM remains the same, with 3. Have better understanding of the context
most subjects assessed through thenational and environment that are most conducive to
examination, and some subjects through a assess pupils
combination of examinations and centralised 4. Appraise and provide feedback based on
assessments. Performance Standards
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2. Comprehension 3. Application
The ability to grasp the meaning of material. The ability to use learned material in new and concrete
Translating material from one form to another (words to situations.
numbers), interpreting material (explaining or Applying rules, methods, concepts, principles, laws, and
summarizing), estimating future trends (predicting theories.
consequences or effects). Learning outcomes in this area require a higher level of
Goes one step beyond the simple remembering of material, understanding than those under comprehension.
and represent the lowest level of understanding. Learning objectives at this level: apply concepts and
Learning objectives at this level: understand facts and principles to new situations, apply laws and theories to
principles, interpret verbal material, interpret charts and practical situations, solve mathematical problems,
graphs, translate verbal material to mathematical formulae, construct graphs and charts, demonstrate the correct
estimate the future consequences implied in data, justify usage of a method or procedure.
methods and procedures. Question verbs: How could x be used to y? How would you
Question verbs: Explain, predict, interpret, infer, show, make use of, modify, demonstrate, solve, or apply x
summarize, convert, translate, give example, account for, to conditions y?
paraphrase x?
4. Analysis 5. Synthesis
The ability to break down material into its component parts. The ability to put parts together to form a new whole.
Identifying parts, analysis of relationships between parts, This may involve the production of a unique communication
recognition of the organizational principles involved. (theme or speech), a plan of operations (research proposal), or a
Learning outcomes here represent a higher intellectual level than set of abstract relations (scheme for classifying information).
comprehension and application because they require an Learning outcomes in this area stress creative behaviors, with
understanding of both the content and the structural form of the major emphasis on the formulation of new patterns or structure.
material. Learning objectives at this level: write a well organized paper,
Learning objectives at this level: recognize unstated assumptions, give a well organized speech, write a creative short story (or
recognizes logical fallacies in reasoning, distinguish between poem or music), propose a plan for an experiment, integrate
facts and inferences, evaluate the relevancy of data, analyze the learning from different areas into a plan for solving a problem,
organizational structure of a work (art, music, writing). formulate a new scheme for classifying objects (or events, or
Question verbs: Differentiate, compare / contrast, distinguish x ideas).
from y, how does x affect or relate to y? why? how? What piece of Question verbs: Design, construct, develop, formulate, imagine,
x is missing / needed? create, change, write a short story and label the following
elements
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6. Evaluation
The ability to judge the value of material (statement, novel, poem,
research report) for a given purpose.
The judgments are to be based on definite criteria, which may be
internal (organization) or external (relevance to the purpose).
The student may determine the criteria or be given them.
Learning outcomes in this area are highest in the cognitive hierarchy
because they contain elements of all the other categories, plus conscious
value judgments based on clearly defined criteria.
Learning objectives at this level: judge the logical consistency of written
material, judge the adequacy with which conclusions are supported by
data, judge the value of a work (art, music, writing) by the use of internal
criteria, judge the value of a work (art, music, writing) by use of external
standards of excellence.
Question verbs: Justify, appraise, evaluate, judge x according to given
criteria. Which option would be better/preferable to party y?
notions and practice of tests with respect to Indirect tests Direct tests
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4 elements of a portfolio (Bailey,1998, p: 218): Advantages of Using Portfolio Assessment (Brown &
Hudson,1998, p: 664-665):
enhances student and teacher involvement in assessment
provides opportunities for teachers to observe students
Personal Section
using meaningful language
Introductory Section • Journals to accomplish various authentic tasks in a variety of
• Overview • Score reports contexts and situations
• Reflective Essay • Photographs permit the assessment of the multiple dimensions of
language learning
• Personal items
provide opportunities for both students and teachers to
work together and reflect on what it means to assess
students’ language growth
Academic Works Section
increase the variety of information collected on students
• Samples of best work Assessment Section
make teachers’ ways of assessing student work more
• Samples of work • Evaluation by peers systematic.
demonstrating • Self-evaluation
development
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Puhl (1997), describes a case study in which she In language teaching and learning, self assessment is
believes self-assessment forced the students to relevant in assessing all the language skills.
reread and thereby make necessary editing and An example of the self assessment of the listening
corrections to their essays before they handed skill, especially in the comprehension of questions
them in. asked is suggested by Cohen (1994), as follows:
Nevertheless, in order for self assessment to be 1. I don’t understand questions well at all
useful and not a futile exercise, the learners need 2. I have difficulty understanding most questions even
to be trained and initially guided in performing after repetition
their self assessment. 3. I have difficulty with some questions, but I generally
This training involves providing students with the get the meaning
rationale for self assessment and how it is 4. I can usually understand questions, but I might
intended to work and how it is capable of helping occasionally ask for repetition
them. 5. I can always understand the questions with no
difficulties and without having ask for repetition
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Peer assessment differs from self assessment in that Among the reported benefits of peer
it involves the social and emotional dimensions to a
much greater extent. assessment are as follows:
Peer-assessment can be defined as a response in remind learners they are not working in
some form to other learners’ work (Puhl, 1997).
It can be given by a group or an individual and it can isolation
take “any of a variety of coding systems: the spoken help create a community of learners
word, the written word, checklists, questionnaires,
nonverbal symbols, numbers along a scale, colours, improve the product (“Two heads are better
etc.” (p.8) than one”)
Peer assessment requires that a student take up the
role of “a critical friend” to another student in order improve the process; motivates, even inspires
to “support, challenge, and extend each other’s help learners be reflective
learning” (Brooks, 2002: 73).
stimulate meta-cognition.
2009
MATA PUTARA OECD PISA 2009 PISA 2012
Matematik - 57 (mata 404) PELAJARAN
Sains - 53 (mata 422) MATEMATIK 496 404 421
Membaca - 55 (mata 414) SAINS 501 422 420
BACAAN 493 414 398
2012
Matematik - 52 (mata 421) Kedudukan Malaysia di tangga dunia PISA:
Sains - 53 (mata 420) v2009 (55 daripada 74 negara)
Membaca - 59 (mata 398) v2012 (52 daripada 65 buah negara)
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Tindaka
n
susulan
• Keutamaan guru dalam menghabiskan sukatan
pelajaran.
PPPM Memper
• Pendekatan, Teknik pengajaran guru yang 11 baiki
tidak holistik. Anjakan
2013 sistem
utama - pendidik
• Tidak kreatif dalam pendekatan an di
pedadogikal. 2025 Malaysia
Meningk
• Guru bukan opsyen mengajar at-kan
matematik. pencapa
ian
Malaysia
dalam
PISA
ü M e m a ha m i p r es ta si d a n c a b a r a n
semasa.
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9/7/2017
v Memperkenalkan pendekatan pengurusan prestasi berdasarkan Gelombang 3 (2021 hingga Mewujudkan budaya
kompetensi. 2025) kecemerlangan
profesionalisme
berasaskan rakan
setugas pada tahun
2021.
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9/7/2017
Gelombang 1 Mempertingkatkan
(2013-2015) asas ICT
Gelombang 2 Memperkenal inovasi dalam
(2016-2020) ICT • Meningkatkan kesedaran dalam kalangan ibu
Gelombang 3 Mengekalkan penggunaan bapa dan masyarakat tentang peranan mereka
(2020-2025) meluas sistem ICT yang dalam pendidikan anak-anak.
inovatif
• Menyediakan bimbingan kepada sekolah untuk
melaksanakan proses penglibatan dengan ibu
bapa dan masyarakat.
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9/7/2017
KBAT
6
•
tersirat dan merentas kemahiran dan nilai yang
kurikulum memerlukan murid membuat
IDENTITI NASIONAL • Guru diberi latihan keputusan dan menyelesaikan
CIRI masalah, berinovasi dan berupaya
mencipta sesuatu
KEMAHIRAN MEMIMPIN UTAMA • merupakan satu proses kitaran
aras rendah ke aras tinggi
PENGETAHUAN
• memberi penekanan dalam
kurikulum, pedagogi, pentaksiran,
kokurikulum, sokongan komuniti
dan swasta, bina upaya serta
sumber
• Soalan KBAT sebanyak 40% UPSR
dan 50% SPM pada tahun 2016
* *
Elemen utama
Kokurikulum
4
Aktiviti § Setiap murid terlibat di dalam
1 berasaskan projek 1 Murid 1 Projek (1M1P)
§ Elemen KBAT dalam projek dalam
Kurikulum untuk meningkatkan KBAT
kurikulum kelab dan
* *
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9/7/2017
• Peringkat
sekolah: PBS 1. Pengetahuan
Pendekatan Sokongan
Penggunaan alat Komuniti &
2. Kemahiran
• Peringkat
berfikir dan Swasta berfikir
Kebangsaan:
penyoalan aras UPSR, SPM 3. Kemahiran
tinggi
dwibahasa
• Penilaian
peringkat 4. Kemahiran
Bina Upaya antarabangsa: memimpin
TIMSS & PISA 5. Etika &
kerohanian
Pentaksiran
Soalan berbentuk 6. Identiti
aras tinggi dalam nasional
peperiksaan pusat Sumber
(40% UPSR dan
50% SPM tahun
2016)
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