Section Properties Property of deck

Thickness of deckslab above = 300 mm Depth (D) = 300 mm

b= 400 mm Width (b) = 4210 mm
d= 1500 mm
Length of beam, L = 20000 mm
Concrete cover to bars = 50 mm (To both roadwayslab & beam)
Bearing length on support = 450 mm
Dia. of strands = 15.2 mm
Area of strand = 140 mm2
No of strands = 28 - (Assumed)
Total area of strands = 3920 mm 2

Grade of strand = 1860 Mpa

Eff. Stress in strand = 1084.7 Mpa
Concrete grade = M55 - For precast prestressed beam
Concrete grade = M45 For precast slab
Concrete grade = M35 For cast in situ slab or quality of
concrete at the time of stress transfer
Elasticity of steel = 200000 Mpa
Elasticity of concrete = 37080.99 Mpa
Max tension stress for crack control = 165 Mpa
Selfweight of beam = 15 kN

Load calculation
1) Dead load
S.w. of deck = 7.5 kN/m2 31.58 kN/m
Platform beams = 15 kN/m

2) Live load
Uniform live load = 10 kN/m2 42.10 kN/m
Truck loading Accroding to IRC class-A

Truck (axle) loads class A IRC

114 kN 114 kN
68 kN 68 kN 68 kN 68 kN
27 kN 27 kN

3m 3.2 m 1.1 m
3m 3m 4.3 m 1.2 m

Dumper load = 200 kN Max tyre load at a point

At a distance of 3.1m apart
These loads do not include impact factors. The impact factor is 1.15 according to
IRC 6 – 1966 Clause 2.11.2,

1
concrete bridges, span = 19.7 m and is applied for the operating load
combination.
S= 4.5/(6 + L) = 0.18
Impact factor is 1.18
Maximum vehicle axle load including impact Ftruck= 200 * 1.18 = 230 kN
Truck, class A,
IRC

0.50 m 1.8 m

If a span of 4210 m is used a modified impact factor is used

S= 4.5/(6 + L) = 0.44
Impact factor is 1.44
Maximum vehicle axle load including impact Ftruck= 200 * 1.44 = 288.1 kN
Load due to the dumper is modelled as a following load
Dumper loads (35H-2)

400 kN 200 kN

4.35 m
20 m

Dumper

1.1 m
2.35 m

In the operational phase it is assumed that 1 dumper truck is present on the platform along with a
uniform live load of 10 kN/m2.

3) Wind load
Extreme wind conditions apply for the extreme load combination and operating wind load

2
for the operating load combination.
Wind is not included in the seismic load combination.
It is assumed that the wind load acting on the pipes is distributed to the deck.

For the wind loads on the pipes check STUP documents for pipe loads.

4) Temperature load
The temperature load causes a bending moment in the slab are added to the dead load
and the design load

M = - EI x at x Dt/h
E = Euncracked = 30 N/mm2
I= 1/12 x b x h3 = 1/12 x 1000 x 2503 = 1302083333 mm4
Dt = 10 °C
H= 0.25 m

Mrep = 15.6 kNm

The temperature load in the computer calculation of the beam is modeled as a uniform
temperature in the top slab only.
The temperature gradient (triangular) is 10°C over a height of 200 mm.
The modelled temperature (uniform) equals 4°C over a height of 250 mm.

10°C 4°C

Static System of the Beam

First deciding the static system of the beam

3
 Construction phases beams

Prefabricated beam

Prefabricated beam
+
deck slab

23100

The static system of the beam/slab structure is divided in two systems

i) The system during the construction phase
ii) The system in the end phase

i) The system during the construction phase

In the construction phase the beam is not connected to the deck slabs. Therefore the
beam carries the total load.
ii) The system in the end phase
In the end phase the beam is connected to the deck slab. Therefore the structure behaves
like a composite section.
The beam and the slab carry the live load as a composite section

4
 Construction phases prestressed beams

Prefab deck slab

Prefab deck slab

2625 2750

Prefab deck slab Wet joint

2625 2750

Result load case - Beams

1) dead load
The dead load of the prestressed beam is 0.4 x 1.5 x 25 = 15 kN/m

Max: -727.669 kNm

5
 Max: -727.669 kNm

Moments due to dead weight of prestressed beam

Y
Z X Load 1 : Bending
Moment -

Max: 147.750 kN

Shear forces due to dead weight of prestressed beam

Dead load flange

The dead load of the flange is 4.21 X 0.3 X 25 31.58 kN/m

Y -35.160 kN/m
Z X Load 1 : Sh
Fo

Max: -1705.656 kNm

Moments due to dead weight of flange - phase1

Y
Z X Load 2 : Bending Z : Displac
Mome
Max : 346.326 kN

-35.160 kN/m

Shear force due to dead weight of flange - phase1

Y
Z X
2) Live load Load 2 : Shear Y : Displace me

Constuction Phase Force -

The live load consists of a distributed load of 35 kN/m2

6
Max: -7955.846 kNm
 Max: -7955.846 kNm

Moments due to live load - construction phase

Y
Z X Load 3 : Ben
Mome

Max: 1615.4 kN

Shear forces due to live load - construction phase

Y The live load consists of a distributed load of 35 kN/m 2

Z X Load 3 : Sh
For

3) Pipe loads

4) Truck - Dumper loads

Dumper load
The governing moments and shear forces are derived from the calculation of the
roadway beam
Mrep = factor for second wheel x (dumper) load
Mrep = 1.53 x 814 = 1221 kN

Vrep = 1.53 x 162.5 = 249 kN

Truck load
The truck load consists of a truck IRC class A as defined in the Indian Code

Mrep = impact factor x factor for second wheel x truck load

Mrep = 1.15 x 1.53 x 961 = 1690.88 kNm
Vrep = 1.15 x 1.53 x 186 = 327.267 kN

7
 Middle beam

Roadway section 2750

Truck

2625
Passing bay

Edge beam
Wet joint

23700

Summary of load case

Mrep
Beam no Load type (in kNm)
Dead load –
beam 833
Dead load –
flange –
construction
phase 660
Dead load –
flange – end
phase 547
1
Live load –
construction
phase 1054
Live load – end
phase 1928
dumper loads 1245

8
 1 – truck load
(including
dynamic factor) 1691

Construction sequences (Assumed)

The construction sequence for the beams is as following:
1. Concreting of the beams at day 0
2. Deshuttering of the beams at day 6
3. Applying the roadway – deck slabs at day 30
4. Deshuttering the roadway – deck slabs at day 44
5. Applying the passing bay – deck slabs at day 90
6. Deshuttering the passing bay – deck slabs at day 104
7. Applying the pipe loads at day 150 (only valid for the both side edge beams)

9
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980

The beams are made in a long line system of pretensioning, In one line three beams are made as shown in below fig.

a a a a a a
a a a a a a

Analysed section

1) The loss of prestressing due to friction is calculated according to IS: 1343 – 1980 Clause 18.5.2.6.

Px  P0  e  ( ma  kx )
Neglected the wave effect (factor kx) since there is no curved strands considered.

a= 0.1176 rad. 6.74 Degree

The cumulative angle in the analysed section is 5xa= 0.588
33.7
The m – factor is derived from IS: 1343 – 1980 Clause 18.5.2.6.
m = 0.30 (for steel moving on fixed steel duct)

Px  P0  e  ( 0.30.588 ) Px = 0.838 x Po

The stress in the analysed section after accounting for friction:

80% x 0.838 x 1860 / 1.15 = 1084.7 N/mm2

2) Loss of prestress due to elastic deformation

The loss of prestress due to elastic deformation is obtained by
Fp 0
ne  w p 
Ap
D 
1  ne  w p
p

Fp0 = number of strands x area strand x stress in strand

Fp0 = 28 x 140 x 1084.7 = 4251.9 kN

wp = Ap/Asection = (28 x 140) = 0.0065

(400 x 1500)
Assume concrete M40 (Strangth gained at the time prestress transfering)

ne = Ep/Ec = 200000 = 6.325

31622.8

10
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
Dp = 6.32 x 0.0065 x 4251.9 x 1000
28 x 140
1+ 6.32 x 0.0065
Dp = 43.04 Mpa

3) Section properties
The section properties are determined according to IS 456: 2000 Clause 23.1.2. The governing effective width is
determined by
bf = l0/6 + bw +6Df = 19100 + 400 + 6 x 300 =
6

The effective width is the lesser of:

The calculated value (bf = 5383.3 mm) and
The breadth of the web plus half the sum of the clear distances to the adjacent beams =
2175 + 2512.5 +
400
300

Deck slab

1500 Beam S = 1396 mm

400

A= 1500 x 400 + 5087.5 x 300 = 600000 + 1526250 = 2126250 mm2

S= 1396 mm
1/12 x 400 x 12503 + 1/12 x 2888 x 2503 + 400 x 1250 x (1068-625)2 + 2888 x 250 x (1375-1068)2
I = I1 + I2 + A1 x a12 + A2 x a22
I= 1/12 x 400 x 1500^3 + 1/12 x 5087.5 x 300^3 + 400 x 1500 x (1396 - 750)^2 + 5087.5 x 300 x (1650 - 1396)^2
I= 4.72804E+11 mm4

Wtop = I/S top

S top = 404 mm

W top = 1170398949 mm3

W bottom = I/S bottom

S bottom = 1396 mm

W bottom = 338677126 mm3

11
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980

4) Hand calculation of number of strands

The governing criterion for deciding the number of strands
The tensile stress in the lower outer fiber in the end phase

The eccentricity of the strands in the middle section e = 900 mm

The allowable stress in the end phase s = 3 N/mm2 (Cl.22.7.1, IS1343-1999)

A= 400 x 1500 = 600000 mm2

W= 1/6 x b x h2
W= 1/6 x 400 x 1500^2 = 1.50E+08 mm3

Construction phase – roadway: LOAD-1

-
Mrep = dead load beam + dead load flange
Mrep = 684.0 + 1739.97 = 2424.0 kNm
+
s = M/Wbeam
16.16
s= 2424.0 = 16.16 N/mm2
150.0
Construction phase – roadway:LOAD-2 547 + 1691 + (1,313/(1,313 + 1,575)) x 1928 =
Mrep = dead load flange + 1 – truck load + live load
Mrep = 1739.97 + 1690.88 + 1160.0 4590.8 kNm
s = M/Wbeam – end phase
s= 4590.8 = 30.61 N/mm2 +
150.0 16.61

Compensating prestress = 16.2 + 30.6 - 3 = 43.77

Prestressing force:

concrete Þ 43.77
P
1 e 1 + 900
(  ) 1.500E+08
A W 600000

P= 5709 kN

N = number of strands
N= P/170 kN = 5709 = 34 strands
170
Stanrds distribution: Upper = 2 Midle = 15 Lower =

5) Bursting tensile force

Transverse tensile forces occur at the end of the beam. These forces are calculated with the equivalent prism
method.

12
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
2 strands

15 strands

17 strands

4.75 N/mm 2
+
404 mm

17 strands

14.27 N/mm 2

The height of this prism is determined by the criterion that no shear forces may occur.

Tensile force per strand = ### kN

Transmission zone according to IS 1343 – 1980 page 34
Diameter strands: 15.2 mm
Lt = 30 x Æ = 30 x 15.2 = 456 mm (Cl.18.6.1.1, Pg-34)

The stress due to the lower 17 strands

Lower fiber:
s= F/A + M/W = 17 x 167.90 x 1000 + 17 x
600000
s= 4.76 + 9.51 = 14.27 N/mm2
Top fiber:
s = F/A + M/W = 17 x 167.90 x 1000 - 17 x
600000
s= 4.76 - 9.51 = -4.76 N/mm2

0 .6  l 0 2 0 .6  456 2
Cspl  1 ( )  1 ( )
h 1250
Cpsl = 1.02 h= = 375
The length of the prism:
Lt = Cspl x h = 1.02 * 1500 = 1535.5 mm
F bursting = 2 x M/Lt
M bursting = 1/6 x b x h2 x s = 1/6 x 400 x (2 X 375)^2 x 4.76 = 178.39
F bursting = 2 x 178.4 /1535.5 232.4 kN

13
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980

As = Fbursting/s steel
Due to the lower and the upper strands the amount of reinforcement is doubled
As = 2 x 232 x 1000/0.87 x 415 = 1287.1 mm2
As = 1287.1 mm2
Number of bars Æ 16 = As/Abar = 1287.11/201.1 7 bars equal to 4 stirrups

Spilliting Tensile Force

In the transfer zone of pretensioned beams transverse reinforcement is necessary to prevent cracking of the
concrete. The tensile forces are calculated with a frame model.
The stresses due to prestressing are equally distributed over a length: Lt + beam height
Lt = length of transmission zone of 1 strand.

21 x 185 kN 73 0.25 h = 375 mm

P1 x sin a

200 200

P2 x sin a 196
21 x 185kN
0.25 h = 375 mm

Lt = 450 mm Hbeam = 1250 mm

The tensile loads P1 and P2

P1 x sin a1 = 13 x 185 x 73/850 = 207 kN
P2 x sin a2 = 14 x 185 x 196/850 = 597 kN

The governing tensile force is P2 x sin a2 = 597 kN

As = 597 x 103/(0.87x415)
As = 1654 mm2 equals 10 bars 9 bars Æ 16 = ( 2010.6 mm2)

Shear Force

The shear check is done for two clauses in the Indian Standards:
The ultimate shear in an uncracked section (IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.1)

14
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
The ultimate shear force in a cracked section (IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.2)

The shear reinforcement is designed on the lower of the above-mentioned values

The shear reinforcement is calculated for the construction phase and for the end phase.

The component of the inclined tendons is ignored according to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.2.

The shear force is calculated for the middle beams since they carry the most loads.

The reinforcement for the shear force in the edge beam is equal to the reinforcement of the roadway beam. This is
allowable because the loads are comparable and the prestressing is equal to the roadway beam.

Construction phase section near support

Analysed section

1250 Middle beam

23700

Vdead load beam = 144 – 1.25 x 12.5 = 129 kN

Vdead load slab phase 1 + 2 = (114 + 95) – 1.25 x (9.9 + 8.2) = 187 kN

Vrep = 129 + 187 = 316 kN

Vd = 1.2 x 316 = 379 kN

According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.1

2
Vco  0.67  b  D ft  0.8 f cp f t
Vco = kN
Assume M40
ft = 0.24 x sqrt(fck) = 1.52 N/mm2

fcp = 27 x 165/(0.4 x 1.25) = 7.425 N/mm2

Vco  0.67  400  1250 1.52 2  0.8  8.9  1.52

Vco = 1352.6 kN

15
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.2
f pe V
Vcr  (1  0.55 ) 0 bd  M 0
fp M
Vcr = kN
Assume fpe/fp = 0.6
100 Ap/bd = 100 x 27 x 140/400 x 691 = 1.37
xc = 0.79 N/mm2

Mdead load beam + slab = (144 + 114 + 95) x 1.25 – (0.5 x (12.5+9.9+8.2) x 1.252
Mdead load beam + slab = 422.09 kNm

Centroid of the tendons:

(14 x 0.150 + 11 x 1.125 + 2 x 1.175)/27 = 0.62 m

Stresses in outer fiber due to prestressing

s= N/A + M/W
s= (27 x 165 x 103/ 400 x 1250) + (27 x 165 x 103 x (625 – 623)/(1/6 x 400 x 12502)
s= 8.9 + 0.1 = 9 N/mm2

Assume stresses to be evenly distributed in the section.

The stress at the centroid of the prestress: 8.9 N/mm2

M0 = 0.8 x 8.9 x (1/12 x 400 x 12503/625) = 742 kNm

380
V cr  ( 1  0 . 55  0 . 6 )  0 . 75  400  606  742
1 . 2  330

Vcr = 122 + 712

Vcr = 834 kN
Vcr should not be taken less than:
Vcr  0.1  b  d f ck

V  0 . 1  400  691  55
= 205 kN
cr

16
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
Vc = 834 kN

Vd/Vu = 380/834 = 0.46

Conclusion: minimum shear reinforcement.

End Phase Section Near Support

Analysed section

1250 Middle beam

23700

Vdead load beam = 144 – 1.25 x 12.5 = 129 kN

Vdead load slab phase 1 + 2= (114 + 95) – 1.25 x (9.9 + 8.2) = 186 kN

Vtruck IRC class A= 1.15 x 286 = 328 kN

(see document SC – 00 – 35 rev. B.– section 6.3, page 64)
Vwind= 26 kN
(see document SC – 00 – 35 rev. B.– page 34)
Vlive load = (1313/2888) x 334 – 1.25 x 13.13 = 135 kN

Vrep = dead load beam + dead load slab + truck load + wind + live load

Vrep = 129 + 187 + 328 + 26 + 136 = 806 kN

Vd = 1.5 x 806 = 1209 kN

According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.1

2
Vco  0.67  b  D ft  0.8 f cp f t

Assume M40
f t  0.24 f ck  0.24 40  1.52 N / mm 2
fcp = 27 x 145/(0.4 x 1.25) = 7.8 N/mm2

Vco  0.67  400  1250 1.52 2  0.8  7.8  1.52

Vco = 1151 kN

According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.2

f V
)
pe
Vcr  (1  0.55 c bd  M 0
f p M
17
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
f pe V
Vcr  (1  0.55 ) c bd  M 0
f p M
Assume fpe/fp = 0.6
100 Ap/bd = 100 x 27 x 140/400 x 606 = 1.56
x0 = 0.79 N/mm2

Mdead load beam + slab = (144 + 114 + 95) x 1.25 – (0.5 x (12.5+ 9.9 + 8.2) x 1.252

Mdead load beam + slab = 417 kNm

Mtruck IRC class A= 328 x 1.25 = 410 kNm

Mwind= 26 x 1.25 – 0.5 x 2.2 x 1.252 = 31 kNm

Mlive load = (1313/2888) x 334 x 1.25 – 0.5 x 13.13 x 1.252 = 180 kNm

Mrep = dead load beam+slab + pipe rack + wind + live load

Mrep = 417 + 410 + 31 + 180 = 1038 kNm

Centroid of the tendons:

(14 x 0.150 + 11 x 1.175 + 2 x 1.125)/27 = 0.623 m

Stresses in outer fiber due to prestressing

s = N/A + M/W
s = (27 x 145 x 103/ 400 x 1250) + (27 x 145 x 103 x (625 – 623)/(1/6 x 400 x 12502)
s = 7.8 + 0.1 = 7.9 N/mm2

Assume stresses to be evenly distributed in the section.

The stress at the centroid of the prestress: 7.8 N/mm2

M0 = 0.8 x 7.8 x (1/12 x 400 x 12503/625) = 650 kNm

1.5  804
Vcr  (1  0.55  0.6)  0.79  400  606  650  128  503  631kN
1.5  1038
Vcr should not be taken less than:
Vcr  0.1  b  d f ck

Vcr  0.1  400  691  55  205kN

Vd – Vcr = 1206 – 631 = 575 kN

(V  Vc )  s v (1.5  804  631)  10 3  200

Av    287mm 2
0.87  f y  d t 0.87  415  (1250  2  50  2  10  2  10)

18
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
Asv = 287 mm2/200mm Þ apply stirrups Æ 12 – 100 (equals 452 mm2/200 mm)

End Phase Section Out of The Support

Governing beam is middle beam

Analysed section

3000

Middle beam

23700

The analysed section is 3 m out of the support of the beam

Vdead load beam = 144 – 3 x 12.5 = 107 kN
Vdead load slab phase 1 + 2= (114 + 95) – 3 x (9.9 + 8.2) = 155 kN

68 kN 68 kN 68 kN 68 kN 114 kN 114 kN
27 kN

3000

Middle beam

3m 3m 3m 4.3 m 1.2 m 3.2 m

23700

For axle loads: see sketch above (maximum support reaction if the loads are mirrored)

Vtruck IRC class A= factor second wheel x dynamic factor x support force
Vtruck IRC class A= 1.53 x 1.15 x {13.5x(20.1+19)+57x(15.8+14.6)+34x(10.3+7.3+4.3+1.3)}/23.1

Vtruck IRC class A= 1.53 x 1.15 x 132 = 233 kN

Vwind= 26 – 3 x 2.2 = 20 kN (see document SC – 00 – 35 rev. B.– page 34+73)

Vlive load = (1313/2888) x 334 – 3 x 13.13 = 113 kN

Vrep = dead load beam + dead load slab + truck load + pipe rack + wind + live load

Vrep = 107 + 155 + 233 + 20 + 113 = 628 kN

19
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
Vd = 1.5 x 628 = 942 kN

According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.1

2
Vco  0.67  b  D ft  0.8 f cp f t

Assume M40
f t  0.24 f ck  0.24 40  1.52 N / mm 2
fcp = 27 x 145/(0.4 x 1.25) = 7.8 N/mm2

Vco  0.67  400  1250 1.52 2  0.8  7.8  1.52

Vco = 1151 kN

According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.2

f pe V
Vcr  (1  0.55 ) c bd  M 0
fp M

Assume fpe/fp = 0.6

100 Ap/bd = 100 x 27 x 140/400 x 606 = 1.56
x0 = 0.79 N/mm2

Mdead load beam + slab = (144 + 114 + 95) x 3 – (0.5 x (12.5+ 9.9 + 8.2) x 32

Mdead load beam + slab = 921 kNm

Mtruck IRC class A= 202 x 3 = 606 kNm

Mwind= 26 x 3 – 0.5 x 2.2 x 32 = 68 kNm

Mlive load = (1313/2888) x 334 x 3 – 0.5 x 13.13 x 32 = 397 kNm

Mrep = dead load beam+slab + pipe rack + wind + live load

Mrep = 921 + 606 + 68 + 397 = 1992 kNm

Stresses in outer fiber due to prestressing (derived from ALPH output)

s = 13.5 N/mm2

M0 = 0.8 x 13.5 x (1/12 x 400 x 12503/625) = 1125 kNm

1.5  628
Vcr  (1  0.55  0.6)  0.79  400  606  1125  128  355  483kN
1.5  1992
Vcr should not be taken less than:
Vcr  0.1  b  d f ck

Vcr  0.1  400  691  55  205kN

Vd – Vcr = 942 – 483 = 459 kN

20
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980

(V  Vc )  s v (1.5  628  483)  10 3  200

Av    229mm 2
0.87  f y  d t 0.87  415  (1250  2  50  2  10  2  10)
Asv = 229 mm2/200mm Þ apply stirrups Æ 12 – 100 (equals 452 mm2/200 mm)

End Phase Section further Out of the Support

Governing beam is middle beam

Analysed section

5000

Middle beam

23700

The analysed section is 5 m out of the support of the beam

Vdead load beam = 144 – 5 x 12.5 = 82 kN

Vdead load slab phase 1 + 2= (114 + 95) – 5 x (9.9 + 8.2) = 118 kN

68 kN 68 kN 68 kN 68 kN 114 kN 114 kN
27 kN

5000

Middle beam

3m 3m 3m 4.3 m 1.2 m 3.2 m

23700

For axle loads: see sketch above (maximum support reaction if the loads are mirrored)

Vtruck IRC class A= factor second wheel x dynamic factor x support force
Vtruck IRC class A= 1.53 x 1.15 x {13.5 x (18.1+17) + 57 x (13.8+12.6) + 34 x (8.3+5.3+2.3)}/23.1

Vtruck IRC class A= 1.53 x 1.15 x 109 = 192 kN

Vwind= 26 – 5 x 2.2 = 15 kN (see document SC – 00 – 35 rev. B.– page 34+73)

Vlive load = (1313/2888) x 334 – 5 x 13.13 = 87 kN

21
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980
Vrep = dead load beam + dead load slab + truck load + pipe rack + wind + live load

Vrep = 82 + 118 + 192 + 15 + 87 = 494 kN

Vd = 1.5 x 494 = 741 kN

According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.1

2
Vco  0.67  b  D ft  0.8 f cp f t

Assume M40
f t  0.24 f ck  0.24 40  1.52 N / mm 2
fcp = 27 x 145/(0.4 x 1.25) = 7.8 N/mm2

Vco  0.67  400  1250 1.52 2  0.8  7.8  1.52

Vco = 1151 kN

According to IS 1343 – 1980, Clause 22.4.2

f pe V
Vcr  (1  0.55 ) c bd  M 0
fp M
Assume fpe/fp = 0.6
100 Ap/bd = 100 x 27 x 140/400 x 606 = 1.56
x0 = 0.79 N/mm2

Mdead load beam + slab = (144 + 114 + 95) x 5 – (0.5 x (12.5+ 9.9 + 8.2) x 52

Mdead load beam + slab = 1383 kNm

Mtruck IRC class A= 167 x 5 = 835 kNm

Mwind= 26 x 5 – 0.5 x 2.2 x 52 = 103 kNm

Mlive load = (1313/2888) x 334 x 5 – 0.5 x 13.13 x 52 = 595 kNm

Mrep = dead load beam+slab + truck load+ pipe rack + wind + live load

Mrep = 1383 + 835 + 103 + 595 = 2916 kNm

Stresses in outer fiber due to prestressing (derived from ALPH output)

s = 15.2 N/mm2

M0 = 0.8 x 15.2 x (1/12 x 400 x 12503/625) = 1264 kNm

1.5  494
Vcr  (1  0.55  0.6)  0.79  400  606  1264  128  214  342kN
1.5  2916
Vcr should not be taken less than:
Vcr  0.1  b  d f ck

22
Prestressed
V beam design
cr  0.1  b  d f ck as per IS1343-1980

Centroid of the tendons:

(15 x 0.150 + 11 x 1.175 + 2 x 1.125)/28 = 0.606 m

Vcr  0.1  400  691  55  205kN

Vd – Vcr = 741 – 342 = 399 kN

(V  Vc )  s v (1.5  494  342)  10 3  200

Av    199mm 2
0.87  f y  d t 0.87  415  (1250  2  50  2  10  2  10)
Asv = 199 mm2/200mm Þ apply stirrups Æ 12 – 200 (equals 226 mm2/200 mm

Moment Check
In this section the governing moments (Ultimate Limit State) for the operational phase are checked.

The ultimate moment is calculated for the middle section of the middle beam.
For the forces: see section 7.7.

Md = 1.5 x (dead weight beam + dead weight top slab + live load + 1 – truck load)

Md = 1.5 x {(833 + (660+547) + (1.313/2.888) x 1928 +1691)}

Md = 1.5 x 4608 = 6912 kNm

1575 + 1313
250

Deck slab

Beam - line prestressing

1250 S = 1068 mm

178

400

According to IS 1343 – 1980 Clause 22.1

Ap  f p 27  140  1860
  0.041
b  d  f ck 2888  1323  45
See table 11 appendix B IS 1343 – 1980: Xu/d = 0.089
Xu = 0.089 x 1323 = 118 mm

23
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980

M u  f pu  A p  ( d  0.42 X u )
1860
Mu   25  140  (1323  0.42  118 )
1.15
Mu = 7209 kNm

Md/Mu = 0.96Þ o.k

Reinforcement & Prestressing

Longitudinal prestressing

Prestressing longitudinal direction

= Straight strand
= Bent – up strand

1.175
1.125
1.075
1.025

Edge Beam/ Edge Beam/

Middle Beam Middle Beam
End section Middle section

0.375
0.325
0.275
0.225
0.175
0.125
0.075

End Zone Reinforcement

Middle beam/Edge beam

24
Prestressed beam design as per IS1343-1980

3 x 2 16 3 16 5 16
Bursting tensile Splitting tensile Splitting tensile
reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement

Shear reinforcement

Stirrups Stirrups Stirrups

- 12 – 100 - 12 – 200 - 12 – 100

Middle beam

5300 13400 5300

Stirrups
- 10 – 200

Edge beam

23700

Connection of beam to slab Reinforcement

Section 4 Section 2
15 x hp 16 – 100 8 x hp 16 – 200

1300 3000 3000 3000

Middle beam

Section 3 Section 1
Section 5 15 x hp 16 – 100 8 x hp 12 – 200
8 x hp 16 – 100

25
Prestressed Section 3 Section 1
Section 5beam design as per IS1343-1980
15 x hp 16 – 100 8 x hp 12 – 200
8 x hp 16 – 100

26
as shown in below fig.

a
a

rad
Deg

27
effective width is

5383.3 mm

5087.5 mm

50 x (1375-1068)2

87.5 x 300 x (1650 - 1396)^2

28
 (Assumed)

22.7.1, IS1343-1999)

16.16
-

5.73
-

+
16.61

N/mm2

17

quivalent prism

29
 2 strands

15 strands

17 strands

4.76 N/mm 2

14.27 N/mm 2

.18.6.1.1, Pg-34)

### 0.5
150 x 1000000

### 0.5
150 x 1000000

mm

kNm

30
 ( 1407.43 mm2 )

racking of the

+ beam height

0.25 h = 375 mm

P1

P2

0.25 h = 375 mm

31
oadway beam. This is

32
2 strands

11 strands

14 strands

33
 V
0
M
34
 V
0
M

28  503  631kN

 287mm 2
0)

35
 27 kN 27 kN

3.2 m 1.1 m

36
355  483kN

37
  229mm 2
0)

27 kN 27 kN

3.2 m 1.1 m

38
214  342kN

39
  199mm 2
0)

estressing

40
41
g tensile
cement

Stirrups
- 12 – 100

5300

♥ - beam

3000

Section 1
8 x hp 12 – 200

42
Section 1
8 x hp 12 – 200

43
m = Coefficient of friction in curve,
Dia of C/S area
unless otherwise proved by test, m may be taken as strand of strand
0.55 for steel moving on smooth concrete 9.5 54.8

0.30 for steel moving on steel fixed to duct 11.1 74.2

0.25 for steel moving on lead 12.7 98.7

15.2 140

K = Coefficient for wave effect

It is varying from 0.0015 to 0.0050