Spectro Test

SPECTR
Version 2.0
4.30-0
Part Number: 80-011125

5PECTRO
Analytltlcal Instruments
'1 II
Note
SPECTRO ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS reserves the right to update the

hardware and software as necessary. This means that the information
in this manual cannot be used as a description of the scope of delivery
or of the instrument capabilities.
The contents of this manual may be changed without any advanced

notice.
7
This operation manual is valid for the program version beginning in
,
1 October 1997 for mobile instruments with the MS DOS operation sys-
tern,
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Technical Comments about the Manual
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The text and illustrations have been ;ompiled with utmost care. How-
ever, it is impossible to absolutely exclude errors.
For erroneous indications and possible consequences thereof,

SPECTRO ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS can undertake no liability of any
kind.
We appreciate proposals for improvement and information about er-

rors and insufficiencies. We reserve the right to intorduce changes in
accordance with technical progress.
The mobile spectrometers are robust testing systems developed for
mobile operation. They can be applied wherever sorting (mix-up con-
trol), approximate analysis and/or grade identification on-site are re-
quired. The instruments were especially designed for use on factory
premises.
Through the use of modern technology, they are resistant to vibration,

change in temperature and dust. The user-friendly software enables
simple, secure operation of the instrument.
Approximate analyses in an argon atmosphere (optional) - also called

"spark" excitation in this manual - require ca. 15 seconds; in a normal
air environment - also called "arc" excitation - ca. 3 seconds. Up to 20
elements can be analyzed with the SPECTROPORT in a single meas-
urement procedure; up to 32 in the SPECTROTEST; and up to 24 in the
SPECTROTEST JR. All of these simultaneously from trace levels to high
concentrations.
With the proper sample preparation, the analyses using spark excita-
tion can be favorably compared with the results from large laboratory
spectrometers.
In contrast, arc excitation is used for grade identification and sorting

(mix-up control). The sorting function forms the second operation mode
for the system; the first being the approximate analysis mode. Sorting
utilizes a rapid "yes/non routine to determine whether or not the mate-
rial composition of the tested pieces correspond to that of a given
reference piece.
Each mobile spectrometer is individually manufactured and calibrated

in our factory according to customer requirements before being shipped.
Operation and handling of the instrument is described during the on-

site installation of the instrument. This normally requires two to three
days, depending on the capabilities and complexity of the system. We
also offer a more detailed training course at our training facilities in
Kleve, Germany or Fitchburg, Massachusetts, USA. The duration is
three days and is intended for users that have a basic, practical un-
derstanding of the system (at least three months experience).
Note:
All safety precautions must be followed when working with
the system. Please read the safety instructions in this
manual.
1.1 The SPECTROPORT
1.2 The SPECTROTEST
1.3 The SPECTROTEST JR
1.4 General
2.1 General Information

2.2 Switching the Instrument On
lntroduction
Profiling
Measuring Process
Recalibration
Grade Recognition
Storage of Measurement Data
Type Recalibration
The Password
Individual Settings
Support Functions for Approximate Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sorting without ldentification of the Reference
Sample (without Approximate Analysis Program)
4.3 Sorting with ldentification of the Reference Sample
(with Approximate Analysis Program)
4.4 Creating a New Sorting Program
4.5 Support Functions for Sorting
gSPECTRO
Analytical ~rntrurnentll
5.1 APF - Automatic Program Finder

5.2 Minioptic UV 150 mm
... A.1 Data Storaae

A.11 ~aintenance
A.111 Sample Preparation
A.IV Technical Data
Transport, Assembly
The mobile spectrometers are robust analytical systems, developed

for on-site analysis or verification of materials. If necessary, they can
be transported with a van or trailer to a testing site further away. Nor-
mal precautions should be taken into consideration during transporta-
tion (fasten, secure from falling).
After reaching the control site, operation can follow immediately. Sin-
gle sided heating, due to heaters, ovens, or the sun should be avoided.
When working with instruments with the UV 150 minioptic (option) for
the determination of phosphorus and sulfur in iron base, the mini should
alwavs be transported in the case in which it was delivered. When trans-
porting the spectrometer in a van, etc., the minioptic must be discon-
nected and placed in its case.
Please make sure that the argon inlet on the instrument is always closed
during transportation.
Installing the Minioptic - 150 mm UV (Option)

Note:
The instrument must be switched off!
0 Remove the minioptic from its case and slide it onto the mounting
plate on the pistol until it hits the stop. Connect the supply cable
securely with the connection on the front of the instrument.
8 Fix the optic with the screw on the rear side of the mounting plate.
Turn the screw until it presses the metal sheet against the brass
block, then unscrew the screw by a half of a rotation.
Q Screw the special argon adapter for the analysis of phosphorus and
sulfur onto the pistol.
O Seal the spark opening on the adapter with tape, for example (the
spacer should not be used, because the diameter of the opening
can be enlarged).
The adapter must be closed in this way so that the main argon stream
flows through the optic, thus supplying it with argon.
If the optic is no longer needed it must be returned to its transportation

case in order to avoid damage.
Electrical Connection
The electrical connection is 220 Vl230 V +lo%, 50 Hz160 Hz or 110 V

+lo%, 50 Hz160 Hz, 1100 VA. A grounded plug is used for the connec-
tion.
The connection must be protected with a 16 A slow-blow fuse.
Argon Supply (Option)
The pistol of the mobile instruments can be flushed with argon. The
argon and argon container must be supplied by the customer.
Argon for spectrometry with a purity grade of 4.8 (99.998%) is required.

A 10 1 (50 cubic foot)/200 bar bottle is recommended. A 5 bar (50 Ibs.)
pressure reducer with a dual stage regulator is also necessary.
The analytical performance of the spectrometer can be negatively in-

fluenced by a polluted or leaking argon system.
Calibration and Recalibration Samples
The analytical programs were discussed when the instrument was pur-
chased. The instrument has been calibrated by SPECTRO according
to your needs as set by you and your sales representative.
If additional calibration curves are desired, the necessary calibration

samples are required. We will be glad to help with this purchase.
+
e
SPECTRO
h l y t k d Instruments
Chassis Construction
SPECTROPORT Front Panel
SPECTROPORT Rear Side
SPECTROTEST Front Panel
SPECTROTEST Left Side
SPECTROTEST Right Side
SPECTROTEST JR Front Panel
SPECTROTEST JR Rear Side
The Control Pistol

Control Pistol
Arc Source
Spark Source (Option)
Computer
Printer (Option)
Air Filter
The general assembly and individual components of the SPECTROPORT
are described in this section. The functions of the various parts are
also explained and an introduction to operation of the mobile
spectrometer is given.
The SPECTROPORT is a modularly constructed analytical system. All
components are easily and quickly accessible. This makes the instru-
ment extremely easy to maintain and service.
The outer panels are fastened with Philips head screws and can be
opened with the removal of a few screws. The optical system, with space
for a maximum of 20 channels, the argon valves, the ventilator and an
electronics rack with the evaluation unit and the computer are located
in the upper section of the instrument.
The entire power supply, the source and the high voltage supply are
located in the lower section of the instrument.
Light is transported from the control pistol to the optic by a fiber optic.
The transportation carriage is removable, so that the instrument can

be transported in a smaller vehicle if necessary. The instrument must
be secured with, for example, a belt when it is transported in a van, etc.
Note:
The SPECTROPORT should never be placed on its side
during transport. The PM tubes may be shaken out of
their holders!
SPECTROPURT Front Panel
Floppy Drive - Behind the black cover, which is secured with 2

screws, is the 1.44 M B floppy drive. It is used for data storage
from the hard drive (storage of analyses, backups, etc.).
Keyboard - The keyboard is the most important input unit of the
SPECTROPORT All functions, such as data input or storage of
analyses, are controlled through the keyboard. It is protected
from external influences (e.g., dust, oil fumes, etc.) by foil.
Minioptic Connection (option) - A minioptic for the analysis of
phosphorus and sulfur in iron base can be connected here.
Profiling Screw - The profiling screw is used to adjust the light
path in the optic. This is done using the "Tn-formedAllen wrench
delivered with the instrument.
Screen - The screen is the most important output unit on the
SPECTROPORT All results and calibration data are displayed
on it.
Keyboard Connection - A standard PC keyboard can be con-
nected here and used instead of the foil keyboard.
Printer Connection - A standard printer with a parallel
(centronics) interface can be connected here.
Source Switch - Turn the source on and off with this switch, in
order to service the pistol, for example.
Main Power Switch - Turn the instrument on/off with this switch.
C SPECTRO
Analythal hntvurnentr
SPEETROWRT Rear Side
10. Argon Inlet (only with option spark source) - The argon tube
delivered with the instrument is connected here in order to sup-
ply the instrument with argon.
11. Argon Outlet (only with option spark source) - Argon and con-
densate from the pistol is lead out of the instrument through the
argon outlet.
12. Flow Meter (only with option spark source) - The flow meter
shows the flow amount in liter/h. With normal use, the analytical
argon flow should be ca. 200 I/h.
13. Air Filter - The spectrometer is ventilated through this filter. Pull
off the cover to change the filter.
14. Instrument Fuse - A 6.3 A fuse is used to protect the instru-
ment.
15. Power Cable - This cable is used to connect the instrument to
the mains supply: 220/230 V l o % , 50/60 Hz or 110 V * l o % ,
50/60 Hz. The mains supply must be protected with a 16 A fuse.
The general assembly and individual components of the SPECTRO-
TEST are described in this section. The functions of the various parts
are also explained and an introduction to operation of the mobile spec-
trometer is given.
The SPECTROTEST is a modularly constructed analytical system. All
components are easily and quickly accessible. This makes the instru-
ment extremely easy to maintain and service.
opened with the removal of a few screws.
The optical system, with space for a maximum of 32 channels, is lo-

cated in the lower section of the instrument. Light is transported from
the control pistol to the optic by a fiber optic.
The evaluation unit and the computer are located in an electronics rack
behind the rear outer panel.
The dot-matrix printer is located below the upper instrument panel.
The mobile carriage can be removed to transport the instrument in a

small vehicle (van, etc.) if necessary.
c SPECTRO
Anal@hwl Instruments
--
SPECTROTES'T Front Panel
1. Screen - The screen is the most important output unit on the

SPECTROTEST. All results, calibration data, etc. are displayed
on it.
The VGA (black/white or color (option)) screen is integrated into
the instrument.
2. Function Keys - All important routine functions can be directly
selected with the function keys. The keys are sealed with foil to
prevent destruction due to external influences (dust, oil, etc.).
-
3. Keyboard The keyboard is the most important input unif on
the SPECTROTEST: All functions, such as data input or storage
of analyses, are controlled through the keyboard. Like the func-
tion keys, this is behind a protected cover.
4. Floppy Drive - The 1.44 MB floppy drive is located behind the
black cover, which is secured with 2 screws It is used for data
storage from the hard drive (storage of analyses, backups, etc.).
5. Keyboard Interface (option) - An external keyboard can be
plugged in here, if it is provided with a compatible plug.
6. Profiling Dial - The profiling dial is used to adjust the light path
in the optic. It has a display scale and can be locked in place
with an external lever.
7. Brightness Control - The brightness of the screen can be ad-
justed with the brightness control.
-
8. Source Switch Turn the source on and off with this switch, in
9. Main Power Switch - Turn the instrument on/off with this switch.
ESPECTRO
A ~ l y t l c aInstruments
l
10. Robotic Connection (option) - A Spectrotest Robotic can be

connected to the Robotic connection.
11. Power Socket - The plug is grounded through the mains supply
and can be used to plug in a small grinder, for example.
12. Power Cable - This cable is used to connect the instrument to
the mains supply: 220/230 V 2 lo%, 50/60Hz or 1 10 V lo%,
50/60Hz. The mains supply must be protected with a 16 A slow-
blow fuse.
THE SPECTROTEST
5PECTROTES'B Riaht Side
13. Control Pistol - See the illustration of the pistol.

14. Argon Bottle (only with option spark source) - A 10 1 (50 cubic
foot) argon bottle must be supplied by the user. It can be fas-
tened to the instrument here.
15. Argon Inlet (only with option spark source) - The argon tube
delivered with the instrument is connected here in order to con-
nect the instrument to the pressure reducer.
16. N o w Meter (only with option spark source) - The flow meter
17. Argon Outlet (only with option spark source) - Argon and con-
densate from the pistol is lead out of the instrument to the water
bottle through the argon outlet.
-
18. Water Bottle (only with option spark source) The water bottle
must be at least 3/4 full so that a given back pressure can build
up in the argon system.
19. Minioptic Connection (option) - A minioptic for the analysis of
The general assembly and individual components of the SPECTRO-
TEST JR are described in this section. The functions of the various
parts are also explained and an introduction to operation of the mobile
spectrometer is given.
The SPECTROTEST JR is a modularly constructed analytical system.
All components are easily and quickly accessible. This makes the in-
strument extremely easy to maintain and service.
opened with the removal of a few screws.
The optical system, with space for a maximum of 24 channels, is lo-

cated in the lower section of the instrument. Light is transported from
the control pistol to the optic by a fiber optic.
The monitor is found above the optical system, behind the left side
panel together with the closed high voltage supply, the ventilator and
the argon valves.
The evaluation unit and the computer are located in an electronics rack
behind the rear outer panel. The source is located above the evalua-
tion unit.
The dot-matrix printer (option) is located below the upper instrument

panel.
The mobile carriage can be removed to transport the instrument in a

small vehicle (van, etc.) if necessary. It is connected to the instrument
by two screws.
SPECTROTEEX 3~ Front Panel
Control Pistol - See the illustration of the pistol.

Screen - The screen is the most important output unit on the
SPECTROTEST JR. All results, calibration data, etc. are dis-
played on it.
The VGA (blacldwhite or color (option)) screen is integrated into
the instrument.
Function Keys - All important routine functions can be directly
selected with the function keys. The keys are sealed with foil to
prevent destruction due to external influences (dust, oil, etc.).
Keyboard - The keyboard is the most important input unit on
the SPECTROTEST. All functions, such as data input or storage
of analyses, are controlled through the keyboard. Like the func-
tion keys, this is behind a protected cover.
Minioptic Connection (option) - A minioptic for the analysis of
Floppy Drive - The 7.44 MB floppy drive is located behind the
black cover, which is secured with 2 screws It is used for data
storage from the hard drive (storage of analyses, backups, etc.).
Brightness Control - The brightness of the screen can be ad-
justed with the brightness control.
-
Keyboard Interface (option) An external keyboard can be
plugged in here, if it is provided with a compatible plug.
Main Power Switch - Turn the instrument on/off with this switch.
Profiling Dial - The profiling dial is used to adjust the light path
in the optic. It has a display scale and can be locked in place
with an external lever.
SPECTROTEf'H' 1 M Rear Side
Argon Inlet (only with option spark source) - The argon tube
delivered with the instrument is connected here in order to con-
nect the instrument to the pressure reducer.
Printer Connection - A dot-matrix printer can be connected to
the instrument here.
Robotic Connection (option) - A Spectrotest Robotic can be
connected to the Robotic connection.
Flow Meter (only with option spark source) - The flow meter
Argon Outlet (only with option spark source) - Argon and con-
densate from the pistol is lead out of the instrument to the water
bottle through the argon outlet.
Water Bottle (only with option spark source) - The water bottle
must be at least 3/4 full so that a given back pressure can build
up in the argon system.
Argon Bottle (only with option spark source) - A 10 1 (50 cubic
foot) argon bottle must be supplied by the user. It can be fas-
tened to the instrument here.
Power Socket - The plug is grounded through the mains supply
and can be used to plug in a small grinder, for example.
Printer Socket (option) - This 220 V- plug is intended only for
use with the dot-matrix printer optionally delivered with the in-
strument.
Source Switch - Turn the source on and off with this switch, in
Power Cable - This cable is used to connect the instrument to
the mains supply: 220/230 V 2 lo%, 50/60 Hz or 110 V lo%,
50/60 Hz. The mains supply must be protected with a 16 A slow-
blow fuse.
The Control Pistol
Concord - The removable concord protects the fiber optic from
mechanical damage.
Fiber Optic Holder - The fiber optic is fastened to the holder by
a rotatable rubberpiece. A lens is assembled in front of the fiber
optic and adjusted onto the spark plasma.
Spark Adapter (only with option spark source) - The spark
adapter must be screwed onto the control pistol. It has a con-
nection for an argon tube and a quartz exit window which trans-
mits light to the fiber optic.
Reset Button - Various software functions (calculation of the
average, closing of error messages, etc.) can be performed with
the Reset button.
E. Start Button - The measurement procedure is started with the
start button.
E Good/ Bad Display - This is a good (green)/bad (red) LED dis-
play on the rear side of the pistol for mix-up (sorting) control.
G. Arc Adapter - The arc adapter is plugged onto the control pis-
tol.
H. Argon Tubing (only with option spark source) - The spark
adapter is supplied with argon through the argon tube.
1. Electrode Allen Screw - The electrode can be removed or fas-
tened with the Allen screw by using an Allen wrench (SW2).
J. Argon Outlet (only with option spark source) - Argon, with con-
* There is no water bottle for the densate, is lead from the control pistol through the argon outlet
SPECTROPORT to the water bottle:
Control Pistol
The control pistol is connected to the spectrometer by a 4 m (ca. 12')
long supply hose. The hose can be optionally extended to 10 m (ca. 33').
The light weight and the simple but stable construction ensure optimal
handling for the component of the spectrometer that is subject to the
most wear. The control pistol is suitable for many different applications
through the use of various adapters.
Arc Source
The arc source (arc excitation) is activated when a mix-up (sorting)
control program or an approximate analysis program is selected. The
direct current arc can be selected in three different strengths (maxi-
mum 4 A) depending on the application. The arc is ignited by a control-
led single spark. The ignition voltage is 12 kV; the burn voltage 35 V.
Spark Source (Option)

The spark source (spark excitation) is used exclusively for approxi-
mate analysis and is semiconductor controlled and internally stabilized.
Transistors control the discharge process.
The spark discharge process is based on the "HEPS" technique (High

Energy Pre-Spark). The spark frequency is 200 Hz. The ignition volt-
age is 20 kV. The discharge energy is ca. 120 V max. power during the
prespark; ca. 4.0 A during the measurement.
Computer
Utilizing the given software, the computer in the mobile spectrometer
controls all processes, evaluates data and monitors the electronics.
It is a 386SX computer with 1 MB RAM, VGA card and a hard drive

controller, assembled as a drawer module with a front plate for a 19"
card cage assembly.
A 3.5" hard drive and an easily accessible 1.44 MB, 3.5" floppy drive
have been installed for data storage.
Printer (Option)
For the documentation of data, a dot-matrix printer for 8 %" continuous
Please see the printer manufactur- paper has been installed in a metal chassis in the SPECTROTESTI
er,s manual for information about SPECTROTEST JR. A printer can be optionally connected to the paral-
operation and maintenance. lel interface on the SPECTROPORT.
Air Filter
The spectrometer electronics are ventilated with cooling air through
this filter. Depending on the environmental conditions (dust, oil fumes,
etc.) it may be necessary to occasionally clean or exchange the filters
on-site. This can be done by opening the left side panel.
CSPEmRo
AnaQtkd ~nsuurnents
Cursor Control
Help and Options
The mobile spectrometers are software controlled analytical instru-
ments. To use the instrument correctly, it is necessary to understand
the software.
The software was especially developed for mobile spectrometers; similar

software interfaces in all modes add to the ease of operation. A "hot
key" field (called the function field) for the most commonly used func-
tions has been added.
Due to space restrictions, the function key field is not available on the
SPECTROPORT.
Cursor Control
The software is cursor controlled, which means that when a dialog is

chosen, one of the dialog points is highlighted. The cursor keys are
used to move the highlight from one dialog point to another. The se-
lected dialog point is activated by pressing the <Enter> key .
Help and Options
The measured values can be stored and processed with various op-
tions in the software. All of the possible options can be listed on the
screen by pressing the <F9> key. The various functions can be se-
lected and started with the <Cursor> and <Enter> keys. Press the
<F1> key instead of the <Enter> key to obtain further help about an
option. A help text is diaplayed on the screen.
The letters behind the options are the "shortcut" keys that can be used
to start a function. Lower or upper case letters can be used.
For example, to calculate the average value for several measurements

in an approximate analysis program, it can be done using the shortcut
function - the <E> key - or:
Q by selecting function key <F9>,
Q select the "average value" option
and press the <Enter> key for activation.
Working with the option list (<F9>) is very useful in the learning period,
to get used to the software.
The lower row on the screen displays any available options and how
you can exit a dialog.
The following keys can be used throughout most of the software:
<Eso exit a dialog

<Enter> IN* selection or activation of a dialog point
<+Jlt+> II* cursor keys up, down, left, right
<F1> I calls help text
<F9> , 1 1 1 1 calls list of options
<F1O> II* save
Following is a list of the functions that can be used in all dialogs for
stored data:
<Deb 1 1 delete data

cT> II* tag data
 , 1 1 1 1 untag data
<Ctrl> + <T> II* tag all data
<Ctrl> + ,I* untag all data
<D> , 1 1 1 1 delete all tagged data
A n y additional functions a r e d e - 1 1 print all tagged data
scribed in rhe respective chapter.
The spectrometer is connected to a normal power supply (110 V *lo%,
50160 Hz or 220 V *lo%, 50/60 Hz).
The instrument is switched on with the main power switch (SPECTRO-

TESTISPECTROTESTJR) or button (SPECTROPORT) on the front panel.
There should be no diskettes in the floppy drive during the computer
"boot-up" sequence, as this leads to an error message.
Check to be sure that ,the source is switched on (lamp in the illumi-

nated push button is lit). Switch the source on if necessary.
The instrument computer performs a self-test, after which the following

screen is displayed:
Select Program
I Approx. Analysis I
Sorting
Burn 11918
Uersion : 4.38-8 I APF
Select with t 4 and confirm with (Enter)
See chapter 3 for more information The desired working mode can be selected with the <A.-analysis> or
lhe <Sorting> function keys on the function key field or with the <+JI> and
mode and chapter 4 for the mix-up
<Enter> keys on the keyboard.
(sorting) control mode.
e SPECTRO
Analytlel lnatrumentlr
3.1.1 Excitation Types

3.1.2 Loading the Approximate Analysis Program
3.1.3 The Analysis screen
Over view of the analysis screen
- - -
3.2.1 The Profiling Procedure
3.3 MEASURING PROCESS

3.3.1 Measurement Values 6
3.4.1 Global Recalibration 11
Entering a Grade 13
Changing/Copying a Grade 15
Special Functions under <F9> in Dialog 15
3.5.1 Grade Identification 16
3.5.2 Grade Verification 17
3.9.1 <X> Output Mode
3.9.2 <M> Save and Delete Programs
3.9.3 <D> Program Data
3.9.4 General System Settings
3.9.5 <T> Source Parameters
3.9.6 cP> Reports
<A> New Sample Number

<E> Average
<F> Enableldisable flush mode (Option)
<J> Switch to sorting mode
<K> Recalibration
<L> Load a program
<N> Display state of measuring
<O> Profiling
<G> Register: Stored measurements
 PrintIStore records
<R> Recalibration factors
<S> Simulate last measurement
<V> Variance
<W> Changing the Electrode
<X> Output Mode
 EnterIModify Grades
<D> Progam Data
 General System Settings
<T> Source Parameters
 Set Date and Time
<C> Copy Functions
<M> Save and Delete Programs
eQ> Grade Search
<H> Assign Global Recalibration and APF
<Z> Entry of Type Recalibration Samples
<Y> Type Recalibration
<F4> Type Recalibration Factors
<F6> Analyses with Type Recalibration
<F7> Analysis without Type Recalibration
<F10> Store Analysis
<Alt> + <Q> Exit to DOS
<Alt> + <T> Analysis to External PC
Approximate Analysis with arc excitation is used for quality identifica-
tion and, with the simultaneous observation of accompanying elements,
is also suitable for charge separation, for the quick verification of ma-
terial in a component, for welding seams testing or for the quality iden-
tification of a reference piece for mix-up control.
A high sample throughput is achieved due to short measuring times

and little sample preparation - in some cases nonexistent.
For most elements, the approximate analysis with spark excitation un-
der argon (option) can be compared with laboratory analysis if the sam-
ples are prepared accordingly. Control of safety related parts, sorting
of LA-metals and exact identification of unknown control pieces are the
most common applications.
3.1 .I Excitation Types
Depending on the calibration, an Approximate Analysis program can

be run with arc excitation in air or spark excitation in argon (option).
The source modes are listed as "Arc" or "Spark" in the row marked
See also the following page. "Source" in the list of Approximate Analysis programs .
If a spark program (option) is loaded, the argon flushed adapter must

be mounted on the pistol and the argon supply must be connected.
If the instrument has not been used for a long period of time, it may be
necessary to flush it for 2-3 min. (<F> key).
With the proper sample preparation, it is possible to obtain analyses

which are comparable to those from laboratory spectrometers. The
sample surface must be ground flat and be large enough to seal the
adapter opening.
For an arc program, the respective arc-adapter must be mounted. With

this source type, a quick identification with little sample preparation is
possible.
The source parameters are automatically changed by the software when

an Approximate Analysis program is loaded.
3.1.2 Loading the Approximate Analysis Program
Below is an example for an instrument that has been calibrated for iron
based materials (iron alloys):
Progran Base Analytical task Last update Source
AILSi- Legierungen Spark

W C u - Legierungen Spark
Alflg- Legierungen Spark
Alan- Leg ierungen Spark
Al/Hn- Legierungen Spark
Global & Rekalibration Spark
Stel 1ite 6/25/31 Spark
Stellite 8/UI52 Spark
Stellite 18WF Spark
Global & Rekal ibration Spark
Cu/Zn- Legierungen Spark
Cu/Zn/Ni- Legierungen Spark
Cu/Ni- Legierungen Spark
Select with t J and confirm with <Enter>

<Ins> New program ;
Select the desired program with the c++> keys (the currently selected
program is highlighted). Load the selected program with the <Enter> key.
3.1 -3 The Analvsis screen
After loading the analysis program, the analysis screen is displayed:

The sample number can be inserted into the "Sample" field (upper left
on the screen). After confirming the entry with the <Enter> key, the
background disappears, but the input remains.
The instrument is ready for measurements.
Over view of the analysis screen
Application Window
C i Si Rn P S Cr b Mi A1
Program name Time
I
Total counter
Information field;
System messages
I
Date
I Counter for
single measurements
Entry field for
Information field for
quality identification
Overview of functions
sample identification
Help function
SPECTRU
Analytical Instruments
"Profiling" is a procedure used to determine the optimal alignment for

the optical system. The light generated by a mercury vapor lamp is
constantly measured and the light path in the optical system is ad-
justed using the profile dial (SPECTROTESTISPECTROTEST JR) or the
profile screw (SPECTROPORT). The intensity of the mercury signal is
constantly diaplayed on the instrument screen. When the maximum
intensity for the mercury lamp is diaplayed on the instrument screen,
then the optimal light path has been set.
Profiling should always be conducted when:

the instrument is moved to a different location
a new shift begins
the environmental temperature change is greater than 10" C.
3.2.1 The Profilinq Procedure
Profiling is performed in the Approximate Analysis mode.
m 0 Press the <0>key to begin the profiling procedure. The red <Pro-
file> function key on the SPECTROTESTISPECTROTEST JR can be
pressed as an alternative. The following screen is displayed:
Q Wait ca. three minutes for the mercury lamp to stabilize, then begin
with the profiling procedure.
* For the SPECTROPORT: Turn O Rotate the profile dial* clockwise in steps of 25 scale divisions and
the profile screw on the front compare the current intensity value with the previous value.
panel 1/4 of a rotation each time,
using an Allen wrench..
ri
SPECTRO
Analytical Irstruments
As soon as the intensity begins to decrease, begin to rotate the dial

counter clockwise in steps of 25 scale divisions.
When the intensity begins to decrease again, the maximum mer-
cury intensity (optimal light path) has been exceeded.
Change the direction of rotation again to return to the maximum
mercury intensity
O Lock the dial in place
The profiling procedure is then completed. Press the < E s o key on the
foil keyboard or the <Reset> button on the pistol to return to the Ap-
proximate Analysis mode.
Please note that single measurements can only be deleted when they
are displayed on the screen. To delete a single measurement, simply
press the number key on the foil keyboard which is shown before the
measurement values. For example, press the <4> key to delete the
first single measurement when four measurements have been con-
ducted.
If the single values are acceptable, the average value is calculated by

pushing the <E> key or the <Reset> button on the pistol.
After calculating the average value, all single measurements are de-
leted from the memory.
Before calculating an average, please note the following markers which

may be displayed on the screen with the measurement values:
A tilde (-) shows that the calibration range has been ex-
ceeded. The value displayed is extrapolated
and not actually measured against calibration
samples.
A less than sign (<) is shown in front of a measured value which is

below the lower limit of the calibration range or
is under the detection limit.
The measurement values can also be stored for use (e.g., quality as-
surance) at a later time.
Measurement values can be printed right away or if the values have

been stored, at a later time.
Additional information can be found in the "Storage of Measurement

See chapter 3.6. Data" section.
a SPECTRO
Anslytical Imtruments
The accuracy can be influenced by different factors, such as the alter-

ing of individual instrument components or dirt on the pistol. To ensure
an optimal Approximate Analysis, it is necessary to recalibrate on a
regular basis.
This means, that the calibration of the instrument is adjusted to the

new conditions
See also chapter 3.2. Note:

A recalibration should only be conducted after the opti-
cal system has been successfully adjusted (profiled).
0
A set of recalibration samples is required in order to conduct a

recalibration. These samples are supplied with the instrument and are
assigned to each of the Approximate Analysis programs. The samples
are not of common chemistrieslgrades but are specially produced for
adjustment of the system.
Begin the recalibration routine by pressing the <recallcab function

key or the <K> key:
The system prompts the operator to measure the first recalibration sam-
ple. The elements that are highlighted and presented in a box are
recalibrated with this sample.
Measure the respective sample several times. The values shown are
intensity ratios and may have a spread of ca. +15% with arc and +3%
with spark excitation. The measurements should be deleted if the de-
viation is greater than this.
A minimum of three individual measurements should be used to calcu-
late the average.
Note:
In the recalibration mode, only the measurements shown
on the screen are used by the computer to calculate the
average.
After calculation of the average value, the system automatically prompts

for measurement of the next recalibration sample. In order to skip a
recalibration sample, the key for the average value (<Reset> on the
pistol or the <E> key) must be pressed before the first measurement.
If a sample is skipped, the values from the last recalibration remain.
A low and a high sample are assigned to most of the elements for the
recalibration.
After the average calculation for the last recalibration sample, the
recalibration factors appear on the screen.
The factors give information about the quality of the recalibration. All
factors should be near 1.00. If a factor is smaller than 0.50 or larger
then 2.00 the message "Recalibration Error" appears.
Note:
A bad recalibration may be caused by a defect in the in-
strument, or switching of the recalibration samples, poor
maintenance of the pistol, etc.
SPECTRO
Analytical lrntruments
The instrument also works with values smaller than 0.50 or larger than
2.00. However, the accuracy of the calibration should be checked with
a control sample.
After pressing <Enter> it is possibile to view an overview of the

recalibration data or to print the factors
f 8.97
Recalibratlon data
Printout
I% 1 81 17finknrityratfos 182J26J1997 111:57
or to proceed directly the the questiona as to whether or not the

recalibration should be accepted.
I Take Recal ibration I
If "Yes" is selected, the new recalibration data is stored on the compu-

ter's hard drive. If "No" is selected, the last recalibration stored on the
hard drive is used to calculate the measurement results.
With control samples, which have known contents, it is possible to regu-
larly check the accuracy of the instrument. This shows whether or not
the instrument is working correctly or if it must be recalibrated.
When in the Approximate Analysis mode, the factors from the last
recalibration can always be called-up onto the screen with the <R> key.
3.4.1 Global Recalibration
Global calibration makes it possible to simultaneously recalibrate sev-

eral programs with a single recalibration. The programs must use the
same source conditions and measuring times and must be calibrated
for the same base element (e.g., Fe).
A program must be defined as a global recalibration program in order

to work with global recalibration. All of the other programs that are to
be recalibrated from the global program must be assigned to the global
program. This program must containall of the elements and recalibration
samples that are used in the programs assinged to it.
After checking to be sure that all of these requirements have been met,
switch to the list of Approximate Analysis programs using the <Select
pgm> function key or the <L> key in the list of Approximate Analysis
programs. Select and load the program that is to be the global pro-
gram. Proceed as follows:
0 Open the "Program" dialog with the <D> key,
Q select "Progam Information",
Q select "Global program",
0 enter "Y",
Q close the "Program Information" menu with the < E s o key,
O press the < E s o key again to close the "Program" dialog.
The new global program must then be stored. This can be done in the
"Storage Dialog" opened with the <M> key, entry of the password and
confirmation of the password with the <Enter>key.
Note:
Only one global program can be defined for each matrix
and source type!
The programs to be recalibrated must then be assigned as follows:

0 Open the dialog for assingment with the <H> key and entry of the
password.
6 The programs with the same matrix as the global program are auto-
matically listed by the software.
a Q Select the programs that are to assinged with the <Cursor> keys
and tag them by pressing the <T> key. The c b key can be used to
untag the programs.
Note:
If a program is selected and the <Enter> key pressed by
mistake, a window in which values can be assigned to
the elements opens. These values are used by the op-
matic Program Finder" sec- tional "APF" (Automatic Program Finder) software. Close
tion in chapter 5. the dialog with the <Esc> key.
0 Store the selection with the cF10> key.

It often simplifies matters to know the grade (DIN number) and short
name of a grade for a material in addition to the analysis. The grade
recognition module has been included in the standard software for this
reason. This module can be used in two modes: Grade search and
grade verification.
Several measures must be taken in order to prepare for use of the

grade recognition module.
The grades databank must be created before a grade can be assigned

to an analysis.
Entering a Grade
Load the analytical program for which the databank is to be created.
Open the dialog for entry of grades with the cBr key and entry of the
password:
No. of stored grades : 15
Grade No Grade name Date ~ i m a
(Ti)
(Ti)
The screen shows a list with the stored grades.
See the illustration on the following Begin entry of a new quality with the <Ins> key. A new dialog opens:
Enter the grade number in the respective text box.
I -
.........
Grade No.
..-.....
-....
: Anl....
- -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
~, ~
.-..
.
.. -
...
Grade
-
name : (Ti )
I
Note:
This entry must be made (it serves as the search crite-
ria) !
An entry can be made in the "Grade name" text box, e.g., the short
name or company identification.
Press the <Enter> key. A list of the elements calibrated in this approxi-
mate analysis program appears.
Low / High limit El Lou / High limit El Lou / High limit
Grade No. : 316L

Grade name :
<ESC> Exd cF1 O> Store

3.5.1 Grade Identification
Grade identification is used to search for the grade or grades into which
the analysis on the screen fits.
The system searches the grades databank for the fitting grade after
each measurement or average calculation. The cQ> key can be used
to continue the search for additional grades into which the analysis
fits. Manual search using the <Q> key can also be used in the grade
verification mode and Approximate Analysis when grade identification
is not activated.
When an average is calculated, the control values for the grade are
shown on the screen in addition to the calculated average:
The message "* not found *" is displayed if no grade can be identified.
This may be because the analysis lies outside of all of the stored toler-
ances.
3.5.2 Grade Verification
Grade verification is used to check whether or not an analysis fits into

the control tolerances for a selected grade.
After turning on grade verification, enter a sample number or skip this

entry by pressing the <Enter> key in order to reach the field for entry of
the grade.
A list with the possible grades can be called up to the screen with the
4 - 9 ) function key and the grade can be selected.
I Grade No. Grade name I
This selection is shown in the lower right corner of the screen.

The limits for the grade are automatically checked and the grade shown
when a measurement made or an average is calculated. The screen is
similar to the screen for grade identification.
. .....................................................................................................................................................
I Si tln P S Cr no Hi A1
If the tested material does not fit into the selected grade, then, after
calculation of the average, the values which are above or below the
allowed limits are displayed together with the message "No matchlout
of spec..press any keyn.
A key on the foil keyboard or the <Reset> key on the pistol must be
pressed in order to continue. This also ensures that the message can-
not be overseen.
C Si tln P S Cr no A 1
Depending on the test application, it can be important to print the ana-
lytical data at a later time.
The software makes it possible to store measurement data manually or

automatically. Use the <F10> key to automatically store single meas-
urements or averages.
To automatically store data, it must be activated in the dialog opened

with the <X> key. More informtion can be found in the .4X> Output
See chapter 3.8. I . Mode" section under "Individual Settings".
The measurement data for the respective analytical programs is stored

in a databank. This databank can be opened with the <G> key.
Number of stored neasumments : 2
Sanple name Grade No. Grade name Date lime SM
Analyses can be tagged, printed, etc. in the list of functions opened

with the <F9> key.
The contents of a data record can be called-up onto the screen so that
the information can be viewed. Select the respective analysis with the
<Cursor> keys and confirm with the <Enter> key.
The sample and grade identification iformation is stored in the data

record if these options have been activated in the analytical program.
The data records also include the date and time of storage as an aid
when differentiating between samples with the same sample name, for
example.
The last column shows whether a data record is for a single measure-
ment (S) or an average (A).
Note:
Optional conversion programs, that converts the stored
measurement data into a format that can be used i n other
programs (e.g., MS Word, MS Excel or Lotus), can be
purchased from SPECTRO.
Please contact your SPECTRO rep- A special software, DIA-4, can be also be purchased
resentatilye for additional informa- through SPECTRO. This is program for statistical con-
tion. trol of the measurement data.
Depending on the analytical application, it may be useful to activate
type recalibration (standardization). Before this mode can be activated,
analyses must be entered in a list in the same way that grades are
entered in the dialog opened with .
The list for type recalibration is opened for the selected Approximate
Analysis program with the <Zs key and entry of a password:
nunber of stored Type-Sanples : 8
Press the <Insert> key to enter an analysis for a new type recalibration
grade. The entry screen opens:
...................................................................................................................................................
El Target Ualue El Target Ualue El Target Ualue
Type Sanple : 1
Grade Wane : RN 16/5
cF1O> Store
Enter the analysis for the reference material and save it with the <F10>
key.
The type recalibration factors can be viewed or printed after confirm-
ing with the <Enter> key:
( Recalibration Factors I
I Recal ibration Data I
I Printout I
Or, go directly to the "Take Recalibration ?" message by selecting the

Exit Menu menupoint:
Ni2 A1 Co Cu CuZ Nb Pb Ti V
i f 1.02 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.80 1.00 1.00 1.00
Take Recalibration
I
The type recalibration is stored on the hard drive and the type
recalibration factors are applied to analyses when the Yes menupoint
is chosen.
Once the type recalibration has been activated, the <F6> key can
be used to return to the "normal" analytical mode.
a The cF7> key can be used to return again to the type recalibration
mode.
As with the <R> function for a recalibration, the type recalibration fac-
tors can be displayed by activating the cF4s key.
CHAPTER 3 4- PAGE
24
5 P E ~ n
...... ~ , Tr>-y
3x..&??~ ~J@~
, , *>. ,\':.:... :.i
?
-
Entry of a password is necessary in order to open some dialogs or to
store changes on the hard drive.
The ensures that only authorized personnel are able to make any
changes to the system.
The password when the instrument is installed is: 892-0
During installation of the system, the person(s) resposible for the sys-
tem is shown the method for changing the password. In this way it is
possible to regularly change the password, ensuring protection of the
system.
Note:
If the password is changed, it should be noted, but not
near the system.
Contact the SPECTRO service department under the number 02821-

892-220 in Kleve, Germany or from the central number (508)342-3400
in Fitchburg, USA if the password has been forgotten. The system can
then be returned to its original state.
3.9.1 <X> Output Mode
The dialog described below is used to set the parameters for the out-
put options. For example, automatic printing of the average value, turn-
ing on grade identification, etc.The output types are displayed on the
left side of the monitor and the selected settings on the right:
C Si tln Cr no Ni A1 Co Cu
I Output mode
Sample I.D.
Grade I.D. is Off
Uithout sample I.D.
I
Automatic Storage of hnalysis No storage
Printer node No printout
Printout of Recalibration data No printout
Calculation for Reference Calculation is On
Analysis to e x t . PC disabled
Show the grades single form
Automatic Program Finder Not Active
SCREEN OUTPUT
Small characters: analysis in standard size characters, a
maximum of four measurements at the
same time on the screen.
Small with average: like above, but always with the current av-
erage.
Large font one line: analysis in large characters, one measure-
ment can be displayed.
Large font multiple lines: depends on the number of elements being
analyzed.
Large font with average: like above, but always with the current av-
erage.
GRADE MODE
Grade I.D. is Off: only manual grade identification with the
<Q> key.
Grade identification: automatic grade identification after each
measurement and each average value.
Grade verification: the system checks after each measurement
See also chapter 3.5.2: "Grade Veri- and each average value whether or not the
fication ". analysis fits into the given grade.
SPECTRO
Analytlel lrntrumentm
SAMPLE I.D.
Without sample I.D.: no entry for sample I. D. is available.
With sample I.D.: after each average calculation, the system
requests a sample I.D. or name, in order to
simplify assignment of the analysis for print-
ing or storage. Entry of sample I.D. can be
manually activate with the <A> key or
skipped with the < E s o key.
AUTOMATIC STORING OF ANALYSIS

Storing disabled: only manual storage with the <F10> key is
possible
Automatic storing each single measurement is automatically
of each burn: stored.
Automatic storing
after average: each average is automatically stored.
Store each burn single measurements and averages are
and average: automatically stored.
PRINTER MODE
Printout disabled: automatic printing is turned off.
Average: each average value is automatically printed.
Print each burn single measurements and averages are
and average: automatically printed.
PRINTOUT OF RECALIBRATION DATA

See above. This is the same as "Printout of Measurements", but deals only with
recalibration (standardization) data.
CALCULATION FOR REFERENCE

Calculation is Off: Display of the contents calculated for the
matrix element (base element) is disabled.
Calculation is On: The contents for the matrix element (e.g.,
Fe in Fe base) are calculated using the dif-
ference to 100% and displayed as the last
element on the screen.
ANALYSIS TO EXT. PC
Disabled: Data transfer is not activated.
Averages: Averages are transferred using the
SPECTRO 4.3 format.
Single form: The grade is displayed in the lower line at

the bottom of the screen.
List: A list of grades is displayed in the main
section of the screen instead of the analy-
sis. If the analysis corresponds to more than
one grade, then all of the grades are dis-
played in the list (max. 20 grades). The first
grade in the list is displayed in capital let-
ters.
AUTOMATIC PROGRAM FINDER

See chapter 5. I . Detailed information can be found in the "APF - Automatic Program
Finder" section.
3.9.2 <M> Save and Delete Programs
To store, copy or delete programs, open the following dialog with the
<M> key:
I SbUE AND DELETE PROGRAMS I
I
Saue a new progran
Updating progan -FE-BlUO-
Delete a program
Exit menu: Close the dialog without storing changes.

Save a new program: Select this point and confirm with the <En-
ter> key to open a dialog in which the new
program name must be entered.
Updating program -XXX-: Changes in the currently selected program
are stored on the hard drive when this point
is selected.
Delete a program: A list of the analytical programs is displayed
when this point is selected. Select the pro-
gram that is to be deleted and confirm with
the <Enter> key. A question as to whether
or not the program should be deleted is dis-
played. The program is deleted when the
option "Delete program -XXX-" is selected.
The list of programs can be closed with the
< E s o key.
Note:
The option "Delete a program" should be used very care-
fully, because once the data is deleted, it cannot be brought
back.
3.9.3 <D> Program Data
Program-specific data can be modified in this dialog. Only the points

which are useful for the operator are described here in the manual.
Note:
All of the other dialog options contain settings for the pro-
gram information which, when incorrectly changed, can
lead to poor measurements and functions which do not
work correctly. Changes should only be made by person-
nel trained by SPECTRO.
I
Elerent selection
Remlibrat. sanplcs
Recalibration values i V U Fe
Channels
Reference monitoring
Interelement corrections
Print progran data
Matrix correction enabled
Confirm with <Enter>. An additional dialog, in which text which serves

as a descripiton of the program ("Analytical application") can be en-
tered, opens.
REFERENCE MONITORING
Tolerances for the intensity for the reference element (e.g., Fe in Fe-
base) can be entered in this dialog. This can help in the recognition of
poor measurements.
If the given values are exceeded, the following message appears on
the screen:
"Reference error..press any key"

The time after which the activated argon flush should be switched off
is entered here.
CONSTANT ARGON FLOW

The time after which the constant argon flow should be switched off is
entered here.
3.9.5 <T> Source Parameters
This dialog should not normally be selected, because all of the ana-
lytical programs can only function properly when the correct values
have been set.
Even when programs are created, changed or copied by the user, it is

not necessary to change the settings for the source parameters.
Experts at SPECTRO are available to answer any questions that may

arise.
3.9.6 cP> Reports
The last single measurement or calculated average can be printed

from this dialog. Depending on whether the last act was to calculate
an average or to complete a single measurement, the option "Printout
last measurement" or "Printout last average" is displayed.
Reports can also be created or printed.
I Reports I
C
I h i n t a report
Stare a report
h i n t stored reports
Create text for a l l test records
1"
I
Fe
PRINTOUT LAST MEASUREMENT/PRINTOUT
LAST AVERAGE
The last single measurementlaverage is printed.
PRINT A REPORT
The report is printed. If "Text for all test records" has been entered,
then the system prompts for them before printing begins and customer-
specific information, for example, can be entered.
STORE A REPORT
If the report is to be printed at a later time, then it is possible to store
it here. This is only possible if "Text for all test records" has been
See below. previouslv entered and stored.
PRINT STORED REPORTS

To print a stored report, select it from the list of stored reports.
Your company name, for example, can be entered as a header for the
report in the dialog that opens. It is also possible to enter, for exam-
ple, the customer name, operator's name, charge, supplier, etc. as
criteria for the report.
A list of the functions available for Approximate Analysis can be opened
with the <F9> key.
Opt ions Hotkey
Auerage E
Enable/disable flush *ode F
Suitch to sorting mode J
Recalibration K
Load a program L
Display state of neasuring N
Prof ile 0
Register: Stored measurements G
Print/Store records P
The window in which the sample number can be entered is automati-

cally opened after an average is calculated. This assumes that this has
See also chapter 3.9.1. been activated in the "<X> dialog".
<E> AVERAGE
With the cE> key, the average of any number of measurements can
be calculated.
<F> ENABLE/DISABLE FLUSH MODE (OPTION)

As described in the introduction to the manaual, it is possible to run
the instrument with an argon flushed test pistol. The system must be
flushed with argon before operation in order to obtain useful results.
This flushes oxygen or other contamination from the argon supply sys-
tem. Argon flush can be manually activated to speed the process.
See also chapter 4:,,Mix-Up <J> SWITCH TO SORTING MODE

Control".
Changes from the Approximate Analysis mode to Mix-up Control (Sort-
ing).
<K> RECALIBRATION
See also chapter 3.4. E!l The recalibration (standardization) is used to adjust the system.
To load a different Approximate Analysis program, press the <L> key.
A list of analytical programs is displayed. If changes have been made
to the currently loaded program, then the following question appears
on the screen:
C l Si fin P S Cr flo Ni 141
Co Cu I Program uas changed. Update ? I Fe

I No update I
The changes are stored on the hard drive when "Update the program"
is selected. The system switches directly to the list of programs if "No
updaten is chosen.
<N> DISPLAY STATE OF MEASURING

This function is not needed during routine operation. It is possible to
switch the display format to the various steps for calculation of the con-
centrations (from raw intensity to concentration). It is also possible to
measure in the various display formats, e.g., during profiling.
This function is generally used only for maintenance and service op-
erations.
<O> PROFILING
See chapter 3.2. Profiling is used to adjust the optical pathway.
<G> REGISTER:STORED MEASUREMENTS

All of the stored analyses are listed here. This type of list is available
for each analytical program. The data records are, however, all stored
in a single data file which can be used for statistical purposes, for ex-
ample.
 PRINTISTORE
RECORDS
The last single measurement, the last calculated average or records

See chapter 3.9.6. can be printed from the dialog opened with the key.
c SPECTRO
Analytical In5truments
<M> SAVE AND DELETE PROGRAMS

The dialog opened with <M> is used to store, delete or copy analytical
programs.
See chapter 3.9.2.
<Q> GRADE SEARCH
See chapter 3.5. Start automatic grade identification with this key.
See a l s o the "Global <H> ASSIGN GLOBAL RECALIBRATION AND APF

Recalibration" section Assignments for global recalibration are entered in this dialog. These
(chapter 3.4.1) and the
"APF-Automatic Pro- assignments are also used for the Automatic Program Finder module.
gram Finder" section
(chapter 5.1). <Z>ENTRY OF TYPE RECALIBRATION SAMPLES
Enter the analyses of type recalibration standards into a data file in
See chapter 3.7. the dialog opened with this function.
<Y> TYPE RECALIBRATION

Start the type recalibration (standardization) with the sample previ-
ously selected from the list of type recalibration standards.
<F4> TYPE RECALIBRATION FACTORS

View or print the factors for the last type recalibration.
<F6> ANALYSES WITH TYPE RECALIBRATION

The analyses are displayed and printed with active type recalibration
(the factors for the last type recalibration are applied to the analyses).
<F7> ANALYSIS w r r ~ o u
TYPE
~ RECALIBRATION
The type recalibration is deactivated.
The <F10> key is used to manually store a single measurement or

See chapter 3.6. average.
<ALT> + <Q> Exrr TO DOS

Use this key combination to exit to the MS DOS operating system.
<ALT> + <T> ANALYSIS TO EXTERNAL PC

Transfer averages to an external PC via the serial interface with this
key combination.
5PElXRO
AnaIyUcal Instruments
4.1.1 The Function Principal

4.1.2 Loading a Program
4.2.1 Calibration
4.2.2 Testing
4.3.1 Calibration
4.3.2 Testing
Sorting task
Reference element
Tolerances for sorting
Switch source mode
Source conditions
Tolerances for calibration
No of measurements for calibration
Switch drift correction
No. of repeats for material mix
Attach an analytical program
Store I delete a program
Print program data
Counter for electrode cleaning
New electrode before the calibration
<K> New calibration
<L> Select program
<Z> Display intensities
<O> Profile
 Storelprint Test Record
<R> Check calibration
<Y> Change to APPROX. ANALYSIS
<W> Counter for electrode replacement
<D> Program dialog
cF> Enableldisable flush (analytical flow)
<Alt> + <Q> Exit to DOS
Mix-up control (sorting) is a comparison measurement for the quick
control of large amounts of the same material.
4.1.1 The Function Principal
A reference sample is measured three times at the beginning of the

sorting (mix-up control) procedure. The average value is the reference
value for the following sparks and is stored.
Certain elements in the material must be tested, depending on the al-

loy being measured. Tolerance limits are set around the reference val-
ues for these elements. When the individual pieces are tested during
mix-up control, the measured values are compared to the reference
values. This procedure is similar to the procedure for grade verifica-
tion. Each time a measurement is conducted, the system checks to
see whether or not the measured value lies within the given tolerance
values. If the piece lies within the tolerance values, then it is recog-
nized as being of the same grade as the reference piece and the "Pass"
counter is increased by one.
If the measured value lies outside of the given tolerance values, then
an error message is displayed on the screen. The elements that are
being monitored and that lie outside of the tolerance values are dis-
played. The test pistol is blocked until the error message has been
confirmed. A new measurement can then be conducted.
If there are three poor measurements in sequence (this is the standard

setting), then a message that the tested piece is a mix-up appears.
The tested piece is recognized as a material other than the reference
material. After this message has been confirmed, the "Fail" counter is
increased by one.
A report about the tests can be printed when finished with the mix-up
control.
In the following sections, preparations fo,r sorting (mix-up control) are

described using various examples.
4.1.2 Loading a Program
Select Program
Approx. Analysis
Sorting
Burn 11918
S e l e c t with T l and confim with aEnter>
The programs available for Sorting (mix-up control) are listed after the
"Sorting" option has been selected with the <Cursor> keys and con-
firmed with the <Enter> key or with the <Sorting> function key.
Below are various applications for Fe-base, for example:
Progran Task Pgm Last update source
1316 Tubes316 FE-BlHO BZ?6/1997 1 6 : Spark

~ ~
S e l e c t with t l and confirm uith <Enter>

<Ins> New program
The desired program can be selected with the <Cursor> keys and
For more information about creat- loaded with the <Enter>
ing a new Sorting program, see
chapter 4.4. A new program can be created by pressing the <Ins> key in this list.
SPECTRO
Analytknl Instruments
This list of programs is similar to the list of Approximate Analysis pro-

grams. The program names and program descriptions are displayed
along with any Approximate Analysis programs that have been assigned
to them. The source type (excitation type - e.g., arc) is displayed in the
last column.
Sorting programs are often created only for arc excitation. This is be-
cause sorting (mix-up control) is a measuring method for which the
time required often plays a deciding roll; the quicker the procedure can
be performed the better. An arc measurement requires only about three
seconds, whereas a spark measurement can last about eleven sec-
onds. The time for sample preparation for spark excitation must also
be taken into consideration.
In the example, the entry "-I-"can be seen under the "Pgm" heading for
one program, but a program name (e.g., FE-01MO) is entered for two
of the programs. This is because there are two modes for working with
the Sorting program. One mode is to work without identification of the
reference sample and the other mode is to work with identification of
the reference sample. The difference in the two modes consists of as-
signment of an analytical program. When a program is assigned, it is
also possible to obtain an approximate analysis.
The two modes for working with the Sorting mode are described in the
following sections. There is also a description of the procedure for cre-
ating a new Sorting program.
K SPECTRO
Note:
See also chapter 3.2. Before beginning with Sorting (mix-up control), the opti-
cal system of the spectrometer should be profiled.
4.2.1 Calibration
Start the calibration by measuring the reference sample three times.
Measurement 1
F1> Help <F93 Optlons
If a measurement is out of the tolerance range, an error message, which

has to be confirmed with the <Reset> button on the pistol, appears
and a new measurement must be conducted.
seethe illustration on thefollowing A message appears on the screen when the calibration has been suc-
Page. cessfully completed.
>
P-
CHAPTER 4 -IPAGE
= 4 SPECTR W
Fe1 : 56340
Cali bration finished
Start sorting
I cF1> Help cF9> Options
4.2.2 Testing
The instrument is ready to begin Sorting measurements. Begin meas-

uring the test pieces.
If the test piece conforms to the tolerances set for the reference sam-
ple, then the "Pass" counter and the "Total" counter are both increased
by one.
Total : 1 Fe1 : 54820
Pass : 1
Continue sorting
If the test piece lies outside of the set tolerances, then an error mes-
sage appears on the screen. All of the elements which fail are dis-
played.
1 ~ ~ P EInstruments
CTRO
Analytical
1 SORTING [MIX-UP CONTROL]
The error message must be confirmed (reset) before sorting can con-
tinue.
I Press RESET on pistol or any key to continue
The elements that lie outside of the tolerance ranges are displayed in
the error message along with the amount by which they deviate. For
example, in the example above, "V = 1399". This means that the inten-
sity for vanadium is 1399% higher than the expected intensity stored
for the reference material for vanadium.
As for during the calibration, the system prompts for a repeat measure-
ment on the same piece:
Total : 2
Pass : 2
Repeat
F1> Help <F9> Opt~ons
If three fail measurements are obtained in sequence, then the test piece
is probably a material mix-up.
This is displayed on the screen:
..........-..........-.-.......--..--.-.......-.-............... .-...........................................................................
I
When this screen is confirmed (reset) the "Total" counter is increased

by one and the "Fail" counter is also increased by one.
H
Total : 4 Fe1 : 47151
Pass : 3 Fail : 1
Continue sorting
1 < F l > Help <F9> Options

............................................................................................................................................... .
Remove the test piece which has failed and test the next piece.
Note:
Before beginning with Sorting (mix-up control), the opti-
See also chapter 3.2. cal system of the spectrometer should be profiled.
Note:
Because this working mode refers back t o an Approxi-
mate Analysis program, the respective analytical program
must be recalibrated before Sorting can begin!
4.3.1 Calibration
Start the calibration by measuring the reference sample three times.
Measurement 1
F1> Help <FQ> 0pt1ons i
If a measurement is out of the tolerance range, an error message, which

has to be confirmed with the <Reset> button on the pistol, appears
and a new measurement must be conducted.
A message appears on the screen when the calibration has been suc-
cessfully completed.
An approximate analysis of the reference sample is then displayed on

the screen.
ml Analytkal Instruments
APPROXIMATEANALYSIS PROGRAM
If grade identification has been activated for the Approximate Analysis

program (as shown in the example below), then any grade information,
if found, is also displayed:
The calibration can be directly accepted with the <Start> button on the
test pistol and sorting can be started.
A new calibration can be started, if the current calibration is unaccept-

able, by pressing the <Reset> button on the test pistol.
The current program step can be stopped with the <Esc> button. The
system asks if the grade identification is correct:
I P316 ( bSfFG-fli]~~n~h%rilti~n~ IB~XWIW lw~hp

<START>Measur~ng
Identification 0.k. ? <RESET>Cal~brat~on
SPECTRO
Analytlcsl Instruments
In this way, the calibration can be accepted or discarded after an addi-

tional question. The window for acceptance of the grade identification
opens when any key is pressed:
\I
Identification 0.k. ?
I
Select either "Yes" or "No" to switch into the sorting mode or to start a
new calibration, respectively.
The Sorting window opens when the calibration has been completed
and accepted. Testing of the pieces can then begin.
Fel : 45862
Calibration finished
Start sorting
/
{~o~*n~;a$~;;~,>.;y.:.'f;.:.';.'<
.~3~&:~::!:.~:::,;.:,'::]:,:;::~$~:$~~~~ ?:{if,
:'i:';.'{ j:..;:;.;'.::.;<..:;;<:;::{B~~~y~f~~
9&.:1
cF1> Help <F9> Options

1. .................................... .......................... -.-.....-.... .................................................................
1111 /\na~l~ticml
instruments
APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS PROGRAM
4.3.2 Testina
The instrument is ready to begin Sorting measurements. Begin meas-

uring the test pieces. If the test piece conforms to the tolerances set
for the reference sample, then the "Pass" counter and the "Total" coun-
ter are both increased by one.
Total : 1 Fel : 44390
Pass : 1
Continue sorting
F316 ] 78 fFE-B11Con~ntr~tions ~ ~ ; 3 ~ ?1 1ms 7: ~

cF1> Help cF9> Options
If the test piece lies outside of the set tolerances, then an error mes-
sage appears on the screen. All of the elements which fail are dis-
played.
The error message must be confirmed (reset) before sorting can con-
tinue.
SPECTRO
Anslytltlel Instruments
As for during the calibration, the system prompts for a repeat measure-
ment on the same piece:
Total : 1 Fel : 53054
Pass : 1
i
Repeat 1
IB2K?7w!37 llBt29 1
cF1> Help cF9> Opt~ons
If three fail measurements are obtained in sequence, then the test piece
is probably a material mix-up. This is displayed on the screen:
See the illustration on the following The approximate analysis for the piece that does not fit within the toler-
Page. ances is displayed when the error message is closed.
>
.. press any key .. NOmatchlout of spec cF5> Printout
The analysis can be printed with the <F5> key

or
return to the Sorting window by pressing any key twice or by pressing
the <Reset> button on the pistol. The "Total" counter is increased by
one and the "Fail" counter is increased by one.
Total : 2 Fe1 : 53465
Pass : 1 Fail : 1
Continue sorting
l,:f~3~6:':~~~~~.:,.~,:~{ 02a7<1,s7 l@i34'']

.j: ~:,?~~~~-@$]$~$~fi$~~$~$&&jf~~:f~:~j;.:;;~,~~<~~~~<<:..~:y,::,:$.:~;l
<F1> Help cF9> Ophons
Remove the test piece which has failed and test the next piece.
SPECTRO
After pressing the <Sorting> function key or using the <Cursor> and
<Enter> keys to select the Sorting mode or (from a Sorting program)
pressing the <L> key, the list of Sorting programs is displayed.
Instead of selecting a program, press the<Ins> key. The opening screen

appears on the screen - the calibration screen. Press the <D> key to
open the dialog in which the parameters for the new program can be
set.
General settings for sorting Mode
Reference elenent Fei

Tolerances for sorting
Switch source mode Arc
Source mnditions 1/2/1/1
Tolerances for calibration -8/+8
No. of neasurings for calibration 3
Switch drift correction Disabled
No. of repeats for material n i x 2
FIttach an analytical progran 4-
Store / delete a progran
Print pmgram data
Counter for electrode cleaning 8
New electrode before the calibration Disabled
Note:
This dialog can only be closed after entries have been
made for the first four dialog points and the program has
been stored.
Enter the information starting from the top and proceeding to the bot-
tom of the dialog.
SORTING TASK
Enter a description of the program here.
REFERENCE ELEMENT
In order to minimize external influences, the test channels are meas-
ured in relation to the reference channel. The ratios generated in this
way are used for sorting and the approximate analysis; i.e., intensity
ratios are used during sorting instead of concentrations.
A reference channel must be assigned in order for this to work.
The reference channel is selected according to the base element: F e l

for steel alloys, for example, or A12 for aluminum materials. The names
of the channels and the number of reference elements varies from in-
strument to instrument.
1
General settings for sorting node
Sorting task
Reference element
Tolerances for sorting Element
Suitch source node
Source conditions
Tolerances for calibration
No. of measurings for calibration
Suitch drift correction
No.
Attach
of repeats
an analytical
for material
programmix Fe2
Fe1
Store / delete a program Ni2

Print progran data
Counter for electrode cleaning
New electrode before the calibration
GSl!KEL 771-4- IS-kinlws steel

cESC> Exlt
Note:
Sorting with an assigned Approximate Analysis program
is an exception to this rule, as the reference element is
set b y the analytical program. I n this case, no entry
should be made i n this dialog point.
TOLERANCES FOR SORTING

Data that is critical to correct operation of the Sorting program is en-
tered here. The tolerance ranges must be entered for the elements to
be monitored here and they depend on the test application.
The reference material should be analyzed on the instrument - assum-

ing the instrument has been calibrated for the application - if this has
not already been done. Perform the following procedure to set the tol-
erance ranges for the program:
0 Compare the analysis conducted with the instrument on the refer-
ence material to the acceptable range values for the respective
grade.
Q Calculate the control tolerances from this by calculating the differ-
ence between the reference material and the range values for the
grade in %. Round the control tolerances slightly up or down (to a
value that is divisible by five).
The value +50% is normally set for the reference element by the
software.
In order to take the instrument tolerances into consideration, an-

other 10% should be added to the control tolerances (these values
should also be rounded to a number that is divisible by five).
The entries in the program would then appear as follows:

.................................... -..--.--......--...-.-----
.....-..-.-..--..-..-..---.-- ....-.-..-
I no
At
s t F=Z
Pr
Co
CI
si
no
Cr
Fs
NIZ
iee
15
e
B
t3
e . i .
ss
ZB
B
8
z
-/-
8
off
!
The tolerances are stored and the window closed with the c E s o
key.
Note:
When the Sorting program is calibrated, the reference
sample used to set the tolerances must be used to cali-
brate the program ! This is the only way to ensure proper
operation of the Sorting program.
S w r r c ~SOURCE M O D E
As discussed in the introduction, Sorting is generally performed with
arc excitation. This is also the standard setting for the software.
If spark excitation is, for some reason, required, then this can be set
here.
Note:
This dialog point is unnecessary if a Sorting program has
been assigned. The settings for the Sorting program are
used.
S OURCE COND~TIONS
The source must be activated, before measurements can be conducted.
A measurement time for a single measurement must be entered.
Note:
This dialog point is unnecessary if a Sorting program has
been assigned. The settings for the Sorting program are
used.
The source parameters for several alloys are given in the table below:
Excitation Fe- Al- Cu- Ni- Co- Ti-

typeSPARK Base Base Base Base Base Base
Argon
l f il nu sseconds
h 13 13
I
1
13 13 13 3 I
Prespark
10 7 7 7 7
i n seconds
SPECTRO
Analytlcsl Instruments
TOLERANCES FOR CALIBRATION

In some cases, it may be useful or even necessary to control the refer-
ence sample with tighter tolerances. A "fail" measurement which may
not have been recognized by the control tolerances can be recognized
in this way and the average for the reference sample can be more ex-
actly determined. These tolerances are only valid during the calibra-
tion. The normal control tolerances are then valid for the actual sorting
(mix-up control) process.
NOOF MEASUREMENTS FOR CALIBRATION
The standard setting for this point is three. If more than three measure-
ments are desired for calculation of the average for the calibration, this
value can be set up to a maximum of ten measurements.
SWITCH DRIFT CORRECTION

The drift correction takes effects into consideration, which increase or
decrease the intensities (a dirty window in front of the fiber optic). For
every "Pass" measurement, the stored expected values for the refer-
ence material are adjusted to those of the current test piece. This can
help to adjust for small measurement errors which can lead to "Fail"
measurements when tight tolerance values are used.
NO. OF REPEATS FOR MATERIAL MIX

The number of repeat measurements that are conducted before a ma-
terial mix-up is recognized and the "Fail" counter is increased by one
can be set here. The standard value for this function is two repeat
measurements (a total of three measurements).
The number of repeat measurements can be set from zero to four. When
this function is set to zero, then for each poor measurement, the op-
erator must decide whether to accept the test piece anyway (with only
one measurement, it could be a poor measurement) or to discard the
piece (it may be a material mix-up).
Note:
The "Fail" counter i s always increased by one when a
material mix-up i s displayed.
ATTACHAN ANALYTICAL PR OG R A M
Assign the respective analytical program to obtain an analysis for the

reference material or for material mix-ups.
When this dialog point is selected, a list of the analytical programs

appears. Select the Approximate Analysis program that is to be as-
signed with the <Cursor> (<++>) keys and confirm with the <Enter>
key.
STORE 1 DELETE A PROGRAM
See also chapter 3.7. A window in which the password must be entered opens when this
dialog point is selected.
See also chapter 3.8.2. When the password has been correctly entered and confirmed, a win-
dow in which various options for storage and deleting of programs are
listed opens.
PRINT PROGRAM DATA

A printout of all of the program data (e.g., tolerances, source param-
eters, etc.) can be obtained when this dialog point is selected. It is also
possible to print the data for all of the Sorting programs.
COUNTER FOR ELECTRODE CLEANING
A visual message which prompts the operator to clean the electrode

can be activated by entering a value greater than zero in this dialog
point. When the number of measurements have been conducted, the
message appears on the screen and the test pistol is blocked.
The electrode must be cleaned before Sorting can be enabled again

by pressing the <Reset> button on the pistol or by pressing any key on
the keyboard.
The respective message appears on the screen before a calibration is

started when this function is activated.
SPECFRO
Analytical
Instruments
Open an overview of the available functions with the <F9> key.
Opt ions Key
Select progran L
Display intensities 7.
Prof i le 0
StordPrint Test Record P
Check calibration R
Change to hPPROX. hNALYSIS Y
Counter for electrode replacement W
Program dialog D
Enable/disable flush(analytical flow) F
Exit to DOS <ALT>+<Q>
<K> NEW CALIBRATION

Start a new calibration with the reference sample with this funct~on.
If this is activated from a running Sorting (mix-up control) procedure, then

the system asks whether or not the counter should be reset. If not, then
the counter continues with the current entries after the calibration.
I Clear counters for pass and fail ? I
F1> Help <F9> Options j

c 5PECTRO
Analytical
Instruments
cL> SELECT PROGRAM

A different Sorting program can be loaded from the current Sorting pro-
gram. A list of the available programs opens.
cZ> DISPLAY INTENSITIES

The current intensities for the most recently tested piece can be viewed
with this function.
Elenent Exp- int. kt-int -101. +Tol. fict.deu I
/ <ESDExit <ENTER> More
Information as to deviation from the given tolerances is also displayed

together with the entered tolerances.
cO> PROFILE
See chapter 3.2. See the "Profiling" section in the "Approximate Analysis" chapter.
cP> STOR~PRINT
TEST RECORD
This function is used for the documentation an printing of reports. An
additional window with various options opens when the key is
pressed.
Exit without printout Return to Sorting with this function.
Print a report Directly print the report for the current Sort-
ing procedure.
Store a report Store the test report for the current Sorting
procedure.
Print stored reports Select and print stored test report(s). A list
of stored reports opens.
Text for all test records Define the text for all test reports. This is
similar to the text for Approximate Analysis
test reports.
SPECTRO
Drive and file names The drive and file name under which the test
for storage report is to be stored can be entered here.
<R> CHECKC A M B R A ~ O N
This function can be used to check the calibration with the reference
sample during sorting, without conducting the complete calibration pro-
cedure. The test is started when <R> is pressed.
Check calibration
<F1> Help <F9> Opt~onsj
When the reference sample has been successfully measured, the sys-
tem returns to the Sorting mode.
If the measurement on the reference sample is out of the given toler-

ances, then the message that normally appears for a material mix-up
appears on the screen. The following question appears when the error
message is closed:
I Take a new calibration ? I
F1> Help cF9> Options ;

5PECTRO
Analytlel Instruments
' <Y> CHANGE TO APPROX. ANALYSIS

This key can be used to switch directly into the list of analytical pro-
grams, from which an Approximate Analysis program can be loaded.
The system then switches to the measuring screen for the Approxi-
mate Analysis mode.
<W> COUNTER FOR ELECTRODE REPLACEMENT

The "Total" counter on the screen is reset when this function is chosen.
This can be useful when the counter is to be set to zero at the begin-
ning of each shift, for example.
<D> PROGRAM DIALOG

See chapter 4.4. See the Treating a New Sorting Program" section.
<F> ENABL~DISABLE
FLUSH (ANALYTICAL FLOW)
If spark excitation is used for the Sorting program, this key can be used
to flush the system with argon before beginning to calibrate.
<ALT> + 4. EXITTO DOS

[ +' Switch to the operating system for the instrument with this key and the
entry of a password.
+
e SPECTRO
AMlytiml
Instruments
E 5PELRO
Analytkd Instruments
5.1 APF - AUTOMATIC PROGRAM FINDER 1
5.2.1 Handling and Operation

5.2.2 Procedure for Profiling the Minioptic
-
5.1 APF AUTOMATIC PROGRAM FINDER
The "Automatic Program Finder" (APF) is a software add-in which al-

ways ensures the best analytical capabilities for the system.
When APF is activated, the system switches to the optimal analytical

program for the measurement. The analysis is then displayed. This is
similar to working with grade identification.
Several settings must be made in the system software before APF can
be used.
See chapter 3.4.1. Follow the steps described in the "Global Recalibration" chapter. When
the list of program assignments is opened with the <H> key, minimum1
maximum tolerance values must be entered for various elements (similar
to those for grade verification).
Treat each analytical program as if it were a different grade.
Load the first assigned program and press the <Enter> key. The fol-
lowing window opens:
t ion
1 <FSC> ~ x i t ~ F I O >Store
Enter the tolerances that are to be used in the analytical program. Load
the next program and enter the tolerances. Repeat this for each ana-
lytical program.
Store the values with the <F10> key.
In this way it IS possible, in Fe base for example, to activate one pro-

gram that IS used only for low alloy steel, one for stainless steel, etc.
SPECTRO
g APF must then be activated in the <X> dialog.
I Output mode I
Scree z e : small
Grade Automatic Program Finder dentif icat ion
--
Print 1
Print Semi-Automatic
Full-flutomatic
D isp 1 Each measuring
Iuerages
t disabled
enabled
Data d
Automatic Program Finder disabled
There are four different options that can be selected under the "Auto-
matic program finder" dialog point.
disabled: APF is deactivated
Semi-Automatic: APF switches to the respective analytical pro-
gram after the first measurement. All additional
measurements and averages are conducted in
the program selected by the system.
Full-Automatic: APF switches to the respective analytical pro-
gram after the first measurement. All additional
measurements are conducted in the program
selected by the system. After the average has
been calculated, the system returns to the glo-
bal program. The average is also carried into
the global program. Display of the average re-
mains on the screen until a new measurement
is conducted.
Each measurement: APF switches to the respective analytical pro-
gram after the first measurement. As soon as
the measurement value is displayed, the sys-
tem returns to the global program. The meas-
urement value is also carried into the global
program. This procedure is repeated for each
measurement. The same procedure is automati-
cally started after an average is calculated.
MINIOPTIC
UV 150 M M
5.2.1 Handlina and O~eration

See the "Installing the Minioptic"
section in the "lns/allation Instruc- The minioptic must be mounted on the pistol.
rions ".
0 Turn on the instrument.
8 Select the analytical program for analysis of phosphorus, sulphur

and other elements.
@ Activate the analytical argon flow by pressing the<F> key. The mode
for the argon flow is displayed in the status line on the screen.
0 After the argon system in the instrument has been flushed for
ca. 1 min., connect the minioptic to the argon supply. This proce-
dure is necessary to make sure that any contamination in the sys-
tem cannot influence or be deposited in the minioptic.
@ The minioptic should be flushed for between 15 and 20 minutes.
See chapier 3.4. @ Recalibrate (standardize) the analytical program in the normal way.
If the recalibration is faulty, conduct the following procedure.
5.2.2 Procedure for Profilina the Minio~tic
0 Open the <N> dialog and switch to the display of raw intensities.
@ Select the high recalibration (standardization) sample for phospho-

rus, e.g., RN17, and spark it.
@ Use the Allen key (2 mm) delivered with the instrument to rotate the
Allen screw on the minioptic by a quarter rotation, clockwise.
0 Conduct another measurement and repeat step @.
@ Repeat steps 8 and Q until the intensity for phosphorus decreases.
@ Then conduct steps 8 and Q turning the Allen screw counter clock-
wise until the maximum value for phosphorus (the profile position
for the minioptic) has been found.
See also chapter 3.2. This procedure can be compared with the profile procedure using the
mercury vapor lamp.
SPECTRO
The instrument should be recalibrated (standardized) again after the

profiling procedure has been successfully completed.
Note:
The adapter should always be closed when no measure-
ments are being conducted with the instrument. This
ensures that the constant argon flow can properly main-
tain the argon supply for the minioptic!
Backing-Up Data ii
Loading (Restoring) Data iii
Maintenance Note iv
Air Filter iv
Keyboard and Monitor Glass iv
Printer iv
Argon System (Option) v
Burn Spot v
Test Pistol vi
During Testing (Arc Excitation) vi
During Testing (Spark Excitation) vii
General vii
The Test Pistol viii
SPECTROPORT X
SPECTROTEST xiii
SPECTROTEST JR xvi
Backing-Up Data
Please have formatted 3.5" HD (1.44 MB) diskettes available for the
data back-up. Place a a diskette of the type mentioned above into the
floppy drive in the instrument and open the dialog with copy functions
with the <C>key.
After entering the password, it is possible to select between loading or

saving data. If the diskette has not been formatted, please format it
using the third option in the menu, "Format floppy disk (1.44 MBIHD)".
Select the "Save data to floppy disk" option to back-up data. An addi-
tional window with more options for data storage opens:
ly functions
Saue data to floppy disk
Save analytical files

Saue sorting files
Save grade files
Save stored measurements (ANALYSEN.DA1)
Saue report f i les
All of the instrument data, including the instrument software can be

backed-up with this option. The DOS "Backup" command is used for
this.
If more than one diskette is required for the back-up, the system auto-
matically prompts the operator for additional diskettes. The diskettes
should be numbered in the order in which they are used. This is neces-
sary if it is necessary to restore software from the diskettes. They must
be restored in the order in which they were backed-up.
The analytical programs for the Approximate Analysis mode are saved
on diskette when this option is chosen.
SAVE SORTING FILES
The sorting programs for the Sorting (mix-up control) mode are saved
when this option is chosen.
SAVE GRADE FILES
All of the lists of grades (qualities) are backed-up with this option.
All of the files in which analytical data is stored are backed-up when
this option is chosen.
SAVE REPORT FILES
All of the reports stored for the Approximate Analysis mode are saved
when this option is chosen.
Loading (Restoring) Data
Use the back-up diskettes to load (restore) data to the instrument.
This must also be started from the Approximate Analysis mode. Open
the dialog with copy functions using the <C> key. Select the "Load data
from floppy disk" option after entering the password in order to restore
See above. data. Functions corresponding to those for storage of data are avail-
able in the window that opens.
The respective data can then be restored from the diskettes onto the
instrument computer.
SPECTRO
Anelytlral Instnunents
Maintenance Note
Like other instruments, the mobile spectrometer requires periodic main-

tenance. This consists mainly of cleaning and visual checks. Please
contact the SPECTRO service department for additional service work
and repairs.
The SPECTRO Service department offers service contracts for quar-

terly, semi-annual or annual service. For more detailed information as
to price and conditions, please contact:
-
SPECTRO Service in Germany
Tel.: 028211892-220or -218
Fax.: O282lIl4l26
-
SPECTRO Service in USA
Tel.: 508-342-4471
Fax: 508-342-8695
or contact your local SPECTRO representative or service engineer.
Air Filter
Air to cool the instrument is filtered through this air filter. This must be
periodically changed (depending on the air contamination and use of
the instrument) to ensure proper cooling of the instrument.
Note:
Disconnect the instrument from the mains power.
Kevboard and Monitor Glass

The keyboard and monitor glass are sealed to prevent contamination
by dust. They can be cleaned with a neutral cleaner and soft cloth.
Note:
Do not use any sharp objects for cleaning.
Printer
The printer should be periodically cleaned with a small vacuum cleaner
(when the paper is changed). The print head should be cleaned with a
damp, soft cloth. All other maintenance (papertribbon change, etc.)
should be taken from the manufacturer's manual.
Argon System (Option)
The SPECTROTESTISPECTROTEST JR and the SPECTROPORT can
be operated with an argon bottle (mobile operation) or with a stationary
argon supply system (stationary operation).
ARGON SYSTEM FLOWS

The pre-pressure should be set to 5 bar.
The instrument has two different argon flows:

The constant flow, with a flow rate of ca. 20 I/h, is activated when a
spark program is loaded and the source is turned on.
The analytical flow, with a flow rate of ca. 200 I/h, is turned on for
every measurement.
The argon flow rates are set to the correct values during manufacture.
If the values deviate from those listed above when tested, then they
can be adjusted to the correct values with the respective knobs.
The "spark adapter" must be closed when the settings for the argon
flow rates are adjusted.
ARGON FLUSH
If the instrument has not been used with spark excitation for a long
period of time or if the argon bottle has been changed, the analytical
flow can be manually activated in a spark program with the <F> key to
quickly flush the system with argon.
The argon outlet should be cleaned in regular intervals to remove metal

condensate (the interval depends on the sample throughput amounts)
and to prevent blockage.
Activate the analytical flow with the <F> key and close the adapter and
the argon outlet. Quickly open the outlet or the adapter to remove the
condensate with the built-up pressure.
WATER BOT~LE
(NOT SPECTROPORT)
The water bottle on the rear side of the instrument functions as valve.
In order for the argon to exit through the bottle, the argon must flow
with enough pressure to overcome the water in the bottle.
The bottle should always be ca. 314 full.
Burn Spot
A spark discharge generates a plasma which contains information about
the contents of elements in the sample.
SPECTRO
The sample surface is melted during the high energy prespark in an

argon atmosphere (micrufusion). In this way, most metallurgical effects
are eliminated.
The spark discharge is divided into the prespark and the measurement
(integration).
The precipitates (inclusions) in the material are eliminated during the

prespark.
When this homogenization phase has finished and all of the precipi-
tates, even in deeper layers, have been removed, then the sample is in
the stationary spark condition. Concentrated discharges occur. The
sample suface is remelted point for point and is characterized by a
metallic, shiny surface with a homogeneous crater. A black conden-
sate forms along the edge of the burn spot.
The actual measurement begins (integration).
The presence of oxygen within the sample or argon system causes

oxide formation and has an effect similar to inclusions; i.e., diffuse dis-
charges with white burn spots, few or no craters, and low intensities for
elements.
The optimal burn spot depends on numerous factors and may appear
differently from system to system. For this reason, it is best to have the
installation engineer (or a service engineer) explain and demonstrate
good versus bad burn spots for a particular system.
Poor burn spots and bad reproducibility (repeatability of the measure-

ment) which result from them may be due to one of the following causes:
poor sample preparation (oil, oxides, etc.)
many inclusions on the sample surface
impure argon
leaks in the argon system
a blocked argon outlet.
Test Pistol
Maintenance on the test pistol is very important for obtaining correct

measurement values. This is divided into maintenance that is performed
during testing and general maintenance.
During Testing (Arc Excitation)

The tip of the electrode and the quartz window should always be cleaned
before beginning with a calibration in the sorting mode and before a
standardization in the approximate analysis mode.
1 ~C~PECTRO
A n a l g ~hstmrnents
~l 11
The electrode should be cleanded every 20 to 50 measurements or
after an error message. In the approximate analysis mode, the elec-
trode should be cleaned after every sample in order to achieve a higher
analytical accuracy.
The metal condensate on the tip of the electrode is from the samples
sparked. It can be removed with the spark plug brush (wooden handle)
delivered with the instrument. The adapter can be removed and then
the electrode cleaned for difficult to remove contamination.
The lense or window in front of the fiber optic should be cleaned with a
cotton swab.
Durinq Testing ( S ~ a r kExcitation)

The small brush should be used to clean the tip of the electrode in the
spark adapter. The electrode should be brushed every 3 to 5 measure-
ments or before changing samples, at the latest.
General
Note:
For safety reasons, the source must be switched off dur-
ing maintenance and when changing the adapter.
There is a spring below the electrode for better adjustment in the test
pistol. The electrode gap should be set with the adjuster to 1.5 mm for
arc excitation and 2.0 mm for spark excitation (option).
The electrode gap must be frequently checked during measurements,

as the electrode tip becomes worn.
After a given number of measurements, it is necessary to remove the

electrode by loosening the electrode set screw. The tip of the electrode
must then be ground to a point. This can be performed on a lathe or
with an electric drill and file. The tip of the electrode should be a ca.
Siehe unten. 90" angle.
SILVER ELECTRODE
The silver electrode is only intended for use with arc excitation.
Before sharpening the tip ca. 500 measurements per side are pos-
sible.
It is not possible to analyze the element silver with this electrode.
The silver electrode is only intended for use with arc excitation.
Before sharpening the tip IW ca. 1000 measurements per side are pos-
sible.
It is not possible to analyze the element copper with this electrode.
TUNGSTEN
The tungsten electrode is only intended for use with spark excitation.
The tip of the electrode is worn very little in an argon atmosphere.
A special tool is needed to sharpen the tip of this type of electrode.
The Test Pistol

A metal condensate builds up in the test pistol and in the adapter dur-
ing testing. In order to prevent arcispark overs, it is necessary to peri-
odically remove the metal condensate with a cloth.
For the spark adapter (option), it is also necessary to remove and clean
the quartz window.
The window or lense in front of the fiber optic holder are held in place
by a metal cap and must be replaced when extremely dirty.
Note:
If the SPECTROTESTISPECTROTEST J R or SPECTRO-
PORT is equipped for the analysis of carbon, then only
diffuse quartz windows may be installed.
Careful sample preparation is required for accurate spectrometer analy-
ses. The type of sample preparation depends on the sample material.
When working with the spark adapter, it is necessary to have a flat

surface in order to prevent oxygen from entering the adapter and
falsifiying the results. Inconsistencies in the surface of the material
cause the length of the spark gap to vary. This leads to inconsistent
measurement values.
For the analysis of steel samples, a belt or disk grinder is generally

recommended. The paper should be 60 grit. It is better to prepare non-
alloyed steel with a lathe, as grinding paper contains aluminum and
silicon particles.
Catalogues and/or informational Copper and aluminum samples should be prepared on high speed lathes
rnaterial is available upon request. Or milling machines.
A belt grinder or a hand held disk grinder with a rough grinding disk is
normally sufficient for sample preparation in the factory.
Surface contamination, e.g., oil, grease or paint, usually leads to unac-

ceptable results.
If a sample surface is rusted or oxidized, it is important to know that

certain elements are present in a greater abundance and others in
lesser. In this case, it is extremely important that the reference sample
used has the same quality of sample surface as the material to be
measured.
The condition of the material to be tested is an additional cause of poor

reproducibility. Only the material that can be excited by the light arc
can be measured.
Magnetic samples strongly divert the light arc. This is why such sam-
ples cannot always be sparked. This is also true for samples on which
the surface does not conduct electricity because it has been treated or
has developed a patina. This can generally be solved by lightly grind-
ing the surface of the material.
Portable spectrometer for sorting control and the sorting, identification
and analysis of metals. It can be equipped with a maximum of 20 ana-
lytical channels.
Stabilized against fluctuations in temperature by the geometric con-

struction and materials used
Paschen-Runge mounting
Rowland circle diameter (focal length): 400 mm
Concave holographic grating: 2924 grooves/mm
Grating material: Zerodur
Effective wavelength range: 185 - 440 nm
Reciprocal dispersion: 0.85 nm/mm (first order)
Hg line as optical monitor
ARC SOURCE
DC arc, maximal current intensity of 3.2 A
choice of 3 current intensities
Ignition of DC arc by controlled single spark
Gate trigger voltage: 12 kV
Arc voltage: 35 V
SPARK SOURCE (OPTION)

Transistor controlled discharge under argon
Semiconductor-controlled
Internally stabilized
HEPS technique (High Energy Pre Spark)
200 Hz spark repetition rate
Argon tubing and valve control
Special fiber optic for low wavelengths
Special argon-flushed adapter (TS 7)
Fiber glass pistol head

Easily exchangeable adapters for different applications
Tungsten, copper or silver centered electrode (tungsten for spark)
START and RESET buttons on the pistol grip
Green and red passtfail indicator on pistol
5 m quartz fiber optic cable
Supply cables in protective metal tubing
SPECTROMETER CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT DATA EVALUATION UNIT
Robust industrial 32 bit processor
MS DOS operating system
14 bit A/D converter
Battery-buffered clock with real time and date function
Power supply for up to 20 channels with dynamic
measurement range
Parallel (centronics) interface for printer connection
2 serial (RS 232tV24) interfaces
Floppy disk drive: 3 En,1.44 MB

Hard disk drive: 280 MB
Integrated 9" monochromic flat monitor

Graphic resolution: 640 x 480 pixels
Dust-proof, hermetically sealed foil keyboard,

located on the front panel for easy access
Numeric key pad
Function keys
SOWARE
Operation can be driven by menu or by function keys
User-friendly through context sensitive help
Operator instructions on screen - if necessary
SORTING CONTROL
Up to 100 programs for the sorting mode
Tolerances relative to calibration values
Symmetrical and asymmetrical tolerances
Failure messages with display of elements and relative deviation
Test report can be printed and stored
Editable text for test reports
Automatic calibration control using given tolerances and
numbers of measurements
Programmable operation control (number of burns, etc.)
Programmable counter for electrode cleaning
Storage of grade types for each analytical program

Display of grade numbertgrade type
Grade identification (system searches for corresponding grade)
or grade verification (given grade is checked)
Up to 64 analytical programs for the approximate analysis mode
Output of intensities, intensity ratios, standardized and
corrected intensity ratios
Output of analyses in weight percent
Standardization (one or two point)
Additive and multiplicative interelement correction
matrix correction
Automatic line switches
Calculation of average, standard deviation and variation
coefficient for any number of burns
Marking of results beyond calibration range
Entry of sample identification information
Transmission of analytical results to an external PC,
additional printers and/or monitors
Automatic hardware diagnostics
Storage of reports and analytical results
MEASUREMENTS AND WEIGHT

Height: 280 mm 11 inches
Width: 365 mm 14 inches
Length: 650 mm 25 inches
Weight: 33 kg 72 Ibs
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
230 V/11 OV +1OO/o/-15%, 50160 HZ
800 W during integration
150 W in standby mode
16 A slow-blow fuse
OPTIONS
Printer
Special adapters for different applications
Minioptic for the determination of P and S
Automatic Program Finder (APF)
Subject to change
Stabilized against fluctuations in temperature by the geometric
construction and materials used
Rowland circle diameter (focal length): 750 rnm
Effective wavelength range: 185 - 530 nrn
Reciprocal dispersion: 0.55 nmlmm (first order)

Arc voltage: 35 V

TEST PISTOL AND SUPPLY TUBING

Tungsten, copper or silver centered electrode
(tungsten for spark)
Green and red passffail indicator on pistol

14 bit AID converter
measurement range
2 serial (RS 232lV24) interfaces
Floppy disk drive: 3 E",1.44 MB
Integrated 12" monitor

Text resolution: 80 characters x 25 lines
Dust-proof, hermetically sealed foil keyboard,

located on the front panel for easy access
Numeric key pad
Function keys
DOT MATRIX PRINTER

Dot matrix printer with 9 pin print head
1 KByte memory
Print speed: maximum 120 characters per second
Print width: 80 characters per line (standard mode)
maximum 132 characters per line (condensed mode)
SO~ARE

Automatic calibration control using given tolerances and
numbers of measurements
GRADE IDENTIFICATION
Display of grade numbertgrade type
Grade identification (system searches for corresponding grade)
or grade verification (given grade is checked)
matrix correction
Calculation of average, standard deviation and
variation coefficient for any number of burns

Total height: 1000 mm 40 inches
Instrument height: 700 mm 28 inches
230 VI11 OV +lo%/-1 5%, 50160 H Z
16 A slow-blow fuse
OPTIONS
Subject to change
Stabilized against fluctuations in temperature by the
geometric construction and materials used
Rowland circle diameter (focal length): 500 mm
Effective wavelength range: 185 - 520 nm
Reciprocal dispersion: 0.68 nm/mm (first order)
A RC SOURCE
Arc voltage: 35 V

TEST PISTOL AND SUPPLY TUBING

Tungsten, copper or silver centered electrode
(tungsten for spark)
Green and red pasdfail indicator on pistol

14 bit AID converter
measurement range
2 serial (RS 232/V24) interfaces
Floppy disk drive: 3 %", 1.44 MB
Integrated 9" monitor

Text resolution: 80 characters x 25 lines
Dust-proof, hermetically sealed foil keyboard located on the front

panel for easy access
Numeric key pad
Function keys
DOT MATRIX PRINTER

Dot matrix printer with 9 pin print head
Print speed: maximum 120 characters per second
Print width: 80 characters per line (standard mode)
maximum 132 characters per line (condensed mode)
SO~ARE

Automatic calibration control using given tolerances and numbers
of measurements
GRADE IDENTIFICATION
Display of grade numberlgrade type
Grade identification (system searches for corresponding grade) or
grade verification (given grade is checked)
matrix correction
Calculation of average, standard deviation and variation
coefficient for any number of burns

Total height: 900 mm 36 inches
Instrument height: 600 mm 24 inches
230 V/11OV +1OW-15%, 50160 Hz
16 A slow-blow fuse
OPTIONS
Subject to change
AUFTRAGSBESCHREIBUNG / JOBDESCRIPTION
FUR / FOR
AUFTRAG NR. / ORDER NO.
Kundenname / Customer Name : TOY0 ENGINEERING CORP.

Land / Nation : J
TYP / Type : SPECTROPORT (TPF7D02C)

Auslesesystem / Readout System : MIKRO 7
Optiken / Optical System : 0 W-Optik(en) / W-optic(s)

Linien / Lines
1 Luftoptik(en) / Airoptic (s)

Linien / Lines 20
Monochromator : NEIN
Anregung / Source : ARC / SPARK
Betriebsspng. / Mains Voltage : 230/60
Beschriftung / Text language : ENGLISCH
Kalibration / Calibration : Fe-Base
Anwendung / Application : Fe-04, Fe-91, Fe-93
Besonderes / Specials
Verteiler/Distribution: HGW,HEK,NDL,SUG,EDH
LABTEC,HAD,HGD,FRM,KUH, ?
02.04.1998
Analytical Instruments GmbH
.
BoschstraOe10 D-47533 Kleve
Optik 1 : 29241400
I l l I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I
INr. / E l . IWellenl I T lSbr I FE-BASE ( I I I 11121314151
8 8 ! S , , . . , . ,
J1 l~d243.789111125 12-32 1 I I I ]*I I I 11

12 1 Hg 1253.6521I 125 ]MONITOR I I I I ]*I I I I 1
13 I Fe& 273.074 1II( 50 1REFERENZ 1 1 1 I I*I I 1 I 1
J4 IMo 1281.615111125 10.01-10 I I I I ]*I 1 I 11
J5 I S i 1288.16011 125 10.01-3 I I I I l*l I I I t
J6 IMn 1293.306111125 10.01-2 I I I I /*I 1 I 1 1
J7 l~r?.l298.919111125 12-32 I I I I I*I 1 I I 1
J8 INb 1319.498111125 10.01-2 I I I I 1*1 I I I L
J9 ICu 1327.39611 125 10.01-2 I 1 I I /*I I 1 1 1
J10 IZn 1334.50211 125 10.01-0.5 a I 1 I I I*I I I I 1
111 INi 1351.50511 125 10.01-2 I I 1 I I*] I 1 I 1
J12 1~e?1360.88611150 IREFERENZ I I I I I*] 1 I 1 1
113 / T i 1365.35011 125 10.01-2 1 I 1 1 I*/ 1 I 1 1
1 14 I Fe31375.412 1 I 1 150 1 REFERENZ 1 1 I I [*I I 1 I 1
115 IC 1386.112111125 10.02-2 I I I I 1*1 I I I I
J16 I A ~1394.40311 125 10.01-1 I I I I I*I I r 1 I
J17 WI 1400.87511 125 IRESERVE I I 1 1 1*1 I I I 1
118 ICO 1412.13211 125 10.01-10 I I 1 1 !*I 1 1 I L
J19 ICr 1425.43511 125 10.01-3 I 1 I I /*I 1 I I 1
120 IV 1437.92411 125 10.01-2 I I I 1 I*] I I I I
a. ) No guarantee !
9678/98
ez.:
02.04.1998 SPECTRO
epr.:
ea.:
I Analytrd Instruments
- 1
1 Analytical Instruments GmbH
.
BoschstraOe10 D-47533 Kleve
.
gs (02821) 892-0 Tx 811 734 sptro d
Fax(02821)23144
HARD WAR& /SOFTWARE- STATUS
QSF 12.04-07 Rev. 1 24. August 1994
PC: Fabrikat, Typ: SM:

I
Monitor: Fabrikat, Typ: SM:
I
Tastatur:
Ausfiihrung
Fabrikat, Typ:
O Deutsch
SM:
O Englisch O Andere
I
I i
Mouse: Fabrikat, Typ: SIN:
I
Speicher RAM: MByte Festplatte: MByte
Taktfrequenz: MHz
Drucker:
Ausfiihrung
Fabnkat, Typ: SIN:
O A4-Fomat CI A3-Fonnat Cl Endlospapier C1 Einzelblatt
I
Ia EPC 3 a EPC 386 EI EPC 486 I
Taktfrequenz: J
- MHz BIOS: %3) - TJ- Besonderheiten:
Kornmunikationskabel EPC 1 PC: O Lichtwellenleiter 01 Downloadkabel'

a Standardlhge (Sm) CI Sonderlhge:
Datentibertragungsrate (Baud):
a 115200 76800 Cl 38400 0 19200 0 9600 Baud
Autosampler O AS 300 O Anderer Typ
111. Software
DOS Version a Windows Version - SrnartAnalyzer Version
1
Sprache: O Deutsch English 0 Andere
Spektrorncter-Software installiert auf Laufwcrk PB C O D 0 E 0 F L/d/- 4.30-2
IV. Datcnsiclicrung nacli QSA12.0- -02 durcligcmllrt jn Ll ncin
V. Wcitcre Mn~nnlimcn/Sonstigcs:

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SPECTR

Part Number: 80-011125

SPECTRO ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS reserves the right to update the

The contents of this manual may be changed without any advanced

Technical Comments about the Manual

For erroneous indications and possible consequences thereof,

We appreciate proposals for improvement and information about er-

Through the use of modern technology, they are resistant to vibration,

Approximate analyses in an argon atmosphere (optional) - also called

In contrast, arc excitation is used for grade identification and sorting

Each mobile spectrometer is individually manufactured and calibrated

Operation and handling of the instrument is described during the on-

2.1 General Information

5.1 APF - Automatic Program Finder

... A.1 Data Storaae

The mobile spectrometers are robust analytical systems, developed

Installing the Minioptic - 150 mm UV (Option)

If the optic is no longer needed it must be returned to its transportation

The electrical connection is 220 Vl230 V +lo%, 50 Hz160 Hz or 110 V

The connection must be protected with a 16 A slow-blow fuse.

Argon Supply (Option)

Argon for spectrometry with a purity grade of 4.8 (99.998%) is required.

The analytical performance of the spectrometer can be negatively in-

Calibration and Recalibration Samples

If additional calibration curves are desired, the necessary calibration

The Control Pistol

The transportation carriage is removable, so that the instrument can

Floppy Drive - Behind the black cover, which is secured with 2

SPEETROWRT Rear Side

The optical system, with space for a maximum of 32 channels, is lo-

The dot-matrix printer is located below the upper instrument panel.

The mobile carriage can be removed to transport the instrument in a

SPECTROTES'T Front Panel

1. Screen - The screen is the most important output unit on the

10. Robotic Connection (option) - A Spectrotest Robotic can be

5PECTROTES'B Riaht Side

13. Control Pistol - See the illustration of the pistol.

The optical system, with space for a maximum of 24 channels, is lo-

The dot-matrix printer (option) is located below the upper instrument

The mobile carriage can be removed to transport the instrument in a

Control Pistol - See the illustration of the pistol.

Spark Source (Option)

The spark discharge process is based on the "HEPS" technique (High

It is a 386SX computer with 1 MB RAM, VGA card and a hard drive

The software was especially developed for mobile spectrometers; similar

The software is cursor controlled, which means that when a dialog is

Help and Options

For example, to calculate the average value for several measurements

<Eso exit a dialog

<Deb 1 1 delete data

The instrument is switched on with the main power switch (SPECTRO-

Check to be sure that ,the source is switched on (lamp in the illumi-

The instrument computer performs a self-test, after which the following

Uersion : 4.38-8 I APF

Select with t 4 and confirm with (Enter)

3.1.1 Excitation Types

3.2.1 The Profiling Procedure

3.3 MEASURING PROCESS

3.4.1 Global Recalibration 11

<A> New Sample Number

A high sample throughput is achieved due to short measuring times

3.1 .I Excitation Types

Depending on the calibration, an Approximate Analysis program can

If a spark program (option) is loaded, the argon flushed adapter must