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FORMULA SHEET; EXAM No.2

Downward and Upward Axial Capacity; General Formulas

13CHAPTER

Pult Pt  Ps  W f Pt  Ps
Pa   
F F F
q t At   f s As

Pa 
F
W f   f s As
( Pupward ) a 
F
14CHAPTER

( s u N u   zD )( / 4)( Bb2  Bs2 )

( Pupward ) a 
F
where: u N  3 . 5 Db / Bb  9 for unfissured clay
and N u  0.7 Db / Bb  9 for fissured clay

Group Effects; Pile Foundations

Pag  NPa

Block Failure:
2 D( B g  L g ) s u1  B g L g s u 2 N c*
Pag 
F

 D  B g 
N c*  51  1 9
 
5B g  L g 
 

See Reverse Side for More Formulas….

 Estimation of Unit Toe Bearing Resistance ( q t ) and Unit Side Friction Resistance (fs)
E pp. 501-505
qt  BN *   zD N q* Ir 

Piles
and
2(1   )( zD tan  )
English Units pp. 505-506 SI Units pp. 505-506
qt  1200 N 60  60,000 psf qt  57.5 N 60  2900 kPa

Drilled Shafts
Sands If Bb>50in, If Bb>1200mm,
50in 1200 mm
q tr  q t qtr  q t
Bb Bb
Toe Bearing (Section 14.2)

Auger- English Units pp. 506-507 SI Units pp. 506-507

Cast Piles qt  3800 N 60  150,000 psf qt  190 N 60  7500 kPa
For D/B > 3 and su 250 kPa (5000 psf) pp.509-510
qt  N c* s u where: N c* = 6.5 at su = 25 kPa (500 psf)
Clays

= 8.0 at su = 50 kPa (1000 psf)

= 9.0 at su  100 kPa (2000 psf)
Reduce tr using following equation when Bb is greater than 1900mm (75in): q tr  Fr q r
q 
When RQD = 100% pp. 511-512
Intermediate
Geomaterial
Cohesive

q t  2.5 q u
When 70%<RQD<100%
qt  7970 ( qu ) 0.51 (English) and qt  4830 (q u ) 0.51 (SI)
su >250 kPa
(5000 psf)

When material is jointed

qt  [t 0.5  ( mt 0.5  t ) 0.5 ] qu where m and t are taken from Tables 14.2 and 14.3.
pp. 511-512
Non-Cohesive
Intermeadiate N60 >50: q t  0.59[( N 1 ) 60 ]0.8  zD
Geomaterial
f s   z
Side Friction (Section 14.3)

Effective Piles where   0.18  0.65 Dr pp. 516

Stress
Analysis f s   z pp. 516-517
Dilled
(-Method) where   1.5  0.135 z 0.25    1.20 (English)
Sands Shafts
  1.5  0.245 z 0.25    1.20 (SI)
Auger-cast f    z  140kPa (2800 psf ) pp. 517-518
s
Piles  from Figure 14.9
English Units: p. 519 SI Units: p. 519
When %gravel >50 When %gravel >50
  3.4 e 0.026 z and   3.4 e 0.085 z and
Gravel 0.25    3.0 0.25    3.0
s
When 25<%gravel<50 When 25<%gravel<50
  2.0  0.061z 0.75   2.0  0.15 z 0.75
0.25    1.8 0.25    1.8
Silts & Normally and lightly over consolidated clays:  = 0.27 to 0.50 p. 519
Clays Normally and lightly over consolidated silts:  = 0.25 to 0.35
Heavily Over consolidated clays and silts use  from Figure 14.11
 f s  s u Use following equations to determine . pp. 523-524
When su < 25kPa (500 psf):  =1.0
When 25 kPa(500psf) < su < 75kPa (1500 psf) then
 s u  500 psf ) 
Total Stress Piles English:   1.0  0.5  or SI:
Analysis  1000 psf 
(-Method)  s  25kPa 
  1.0  0.5 u 
 50kPa 
When su >75kPa (1500 psf):  =0.5
Drilled f s  s u ….See Figure 14.15 for . pp. 524-525
Shafts