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Research Presentation at University of California-Berkeley

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, August 11th 2010

New Seismic Isolation Concepts for Improving the

Seismic Performance of Bridges

Ken Ogorzalek
Graduate Student
Stephen Mahin
Byron and Elvira Nishkian Professor of Structural Engineering
Director, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center

Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

University of California, Berkeley
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Outline

 Introduction/Motivation

 Segmental Disp. Control

 Experimental Model

 Ground Motions

 Current Observations

 Data Reduction/Analysis Earthquakeprotection.com

The Benicia-Martinez Bridge, San Francisco Bay Area

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Introduction

Seismic Performance Goals for a Sustainable and

Seismic Resilient Bridge?
 Life Safety and Preventing Collapse

 Post-Event Functionality
 Infrastructures
 Economics
Northridge

What is an Acceptable Condition 1989, Loma Prieta

for a Structure After an

Earthquake?
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Motivation

 Understanding Behavior of Bridge

Response During Earthquakes
 Displacements
 Accelerations
 Forces
 Rotations
 Bridge Isolation
 Attenuated Forces/Accelerations
Non-Structural
Non-
Components
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Segmental Displacement Control

 Isolated Bridge
UNRESTRAINED

Linear Isolation
Bearings

Triple Pendulum

U&&g
Isolation Bearings

PLAN VIEW
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Segmental Displacement Control

 Isolated Bridge
UNRESTRAINED

U&&g
PLAN VIEW
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Segmental Displacement Control

 Isolated Bridge
UNRESTRAINED

U&&g
Transverse Relative
Displacement
Control Displacements

PLAN VIEW
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Segmental Displacement Control

 Isolated Bridge
RESTRAINED

U&&g
Lock-Up Guide

PLAN VIEW
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Segmental Displacement Control

 Isolated Bridge
RESTRAINED

U&&g
PLAN VIEW
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Segmental Displacement Control

 Isolated Bridge
RESTRAINED

U&&g
Transverse Relative
Displacement

PLAN VIEW
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Segmental Displacement Control

 Lock-Up Guide

Longitudinal F-D
25

20

15

10
Longitudinal
Transverse 5
Force (kip)

Rotation 0
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-5

-10

-15

-20

-25
Displacement (in)
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Guidelines for Experimental Model

 Testbed Bridge Design for PEER Lifeline Project (Ketchum, et al. 2004)

120’ 150’ 150’ 150’ 120’

FULL
SCALE
BRIDGE

Smallest Column Cross

Section with Lowest
Reinforcement Ratio
AASHTO & SDC
Design

Considered the Simplest Superstructure Cross

Section and Short Column Bent
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Roadway Plate
Experimental Model
Bridge Deck
Lock--Up Guide
Lock

Triple Pendulum
Non-Compact
Non-
Isolator
Bridge Column
(Average Forces)

Linear Isolator
DECK 3
DECK 2
DECK 1

1/4 - 1/5 SCALE OF FULL BRIDGE

(By Weight/Length)
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Experimental Model
Isolation Performance for Different Level
Triple Friction Pendulum Bearing Excitations

Earthquake Protection Systems V

Disp (in.)
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Experimental Model

Linear Friction Pendulum Bearing

360˚

12˚
12˚

Earthquake Protection Systems

Disp (in.)
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Experimental Model

Longitudinal Elevation View

306 in / 25.5 ft / 7.8 m

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Experimental Model

Transverse Elevation View

75 in / 6.25 ft / 1.9 m

85 in / 7.1 ft / 2.2 m
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Experimental Model

Instrumentation
 Wire Pots
 Linear Pots
 DCDTs
 XYZ Accelerometers
 5 Axis Load Cells
 Strain Gauges

129 Total Channels

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Data Reduction/Analysis 37 - 111242 – Sine Y

Characterization Tests for Bridge Components 0.4
Y Normalized Force Displacement of TP Bearing - Center Deck West South

0.3

Triple Pendulum Bearing 0.2

0.1

V/W

V/W
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Displacement (inches)

DISP (inches)
Friction Coefficients (Morgan 2007)
H1
µ1 = = 5%
2
µ 2 eff (L 1 + L 2 ) 2 µ 1 L1
µ2 = = 8%
L 2  L1

µ 3 eff (L2 + L3 )  µ 2 (L2  L1 )  2 µ1 L1

µ3 = = 13 %
L3  L1
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Data Reduction/Analysis 37 - 111242 – Sine Y

Characterization Tests for Bridge Components
Y Force Displacement of Linear Bearing - North East
0.3

0.2

Linear Bearing 0.1

V/W

V/W
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Displacement (inches)

DISP (inches)

Friction Coefficients (Morgan 2007)

H1
µ1 = = 12 %
2
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Data Reduction/Analysis 37 - 111242 – Sine Y

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Data Reduction/Analysis
Ground Excitation Tests

 Identification Similitude Requirements

 1985 Chile, Llolleo XY

 1995 Kobe, KJMA XYZ

 1978 Iran, Tabas XYZ

 1994 Northridge, Sylmar XYZ

 2010 Chile XYZ

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Data Reduction/Analysis
1994 Sylmar, Northridge XYZ

DECK PLATE
(3) C-E
W-C

2.5” LOCK-UP GUIDE

(4)

TEST ID
164555: No Lock-Up Guide, No Plate
172926: 2.5” Lock-Up Guide, No Plate
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Data Reduction/Analysis
Lock--Up Guide View
Lock
164555 – Sylmar XYZ
NO Lock
Lock--Up Guide

172926 – Sylmar XYZ

Lock--Up Guide
Lock
 164555: No Lock-Up Guide, No Plate 25
172926: 2.5” Lock-Up Guide, No Plate
Data Reduction/Analysis

Relative Transverse Displacement

Between Decks Transverse Relative Displacement of TP Bearings

1.5 W-C 164555

C-E 164555
W-C 172926
C-E 172926
1

0.5

Displacement (inches)
Disp (in)
0

-0.5

-1

-1.5

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time (sec)
Time (sec)
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Future Considerations

 Complete Data Reduction and Analysis of Experimental Tests

 OpenSees 3D Analytical Model
 Validate Experimental Test
 Apply to Full-Scale Bridge
 Performance Based Design Criteria
 Design Guidelines for Segmental Displacement Control
 Design of Lock-Up Guide Project Status
 Non-Structural Components
 Isolated Bridge Failure Mechanism
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Thank You!