Angelito Marsan Dr.

Elpidio Melgo

DPE 101 Foundations of Education Sunday (3:00 pm-6:00pm)

Introductions to Anthropological Foundations

Contains

 Anthropology

 Divisions of Anthropology

 Important factors of Anthropology in Education

What is Anthropology?

 Anthropology was derived from the Greek word anthrope

meaning man and logy meaning science.

 Literal meaning of anthropology then is science of man.

 Dictionary defines anthropology as the science that treats the

origin, development (physical, intellectual, moral etc.) and
varieties specially the cultural development, customs, beliefs etc.
of man.

 Herskovitz defines anthropology as the science of man and his

works.

 Jacobs and Stern, anthropology is the scientific study of physical,

social and cultural development and behavior of human beings
since their appearance on earth.

Man
Man is a unique animal kingdom in two aspects:

 Biological

 Behaviorally

Biological

 Man walks erect on two feet. Other animals walk on four feet and
their bodies are horizontal to the ground.

 Man has two free hands used for handling things. Animals except
the ape have no free hands.

 Man has a more complex brain than animals.

Behaviorally

 Man is rational. Animals are not rational.

 Man has complex techniques producing procuring, preparing and

preparing cooking food. Animals just roam around and procure
their food.

 Man has social, educational, economic, and governmental

organizations. Animals do not have these.

 Man has system of religious beliefs and practices. Animals do not

have these.

 Man communicates by means of a complex language, oral and

written. Animals communicate by means of gestures and simple
sounds. The have no writing.

 Man makes tools weapons and other gadgets and artifacts strong
and comfortable shelters. Animals do not have all these.
Divisions of Anthropology

 Physical Anthropology

- Also known as Biological Anthropology. It deals with the

study of man as product of the evolutionary process. It is
concerned man’s bodily structures.

 Cultural Anthropology

- Deals w/ the study of man’s behavior and his habits,

practices, beliefs, etc.

Cultural Anthropology Subdivisions

 Archaeolgy

- Deals w/ the study of ancient cultures based on

documents, paintings, stone carvings.

 Ethnology

- This is the study of the subdivisions of mankind,

their origins, practices and relations, institutions.

- Five races: white black, yellow, red and brown.

 Linguistics

- This concern’s man language and communication.

Eras Established by Archaeology

 Archaeozic Period
 - the beginning, the earliest forms of life. (organisms,
bacteria, etc.)

 Protozoic Period

- Early life forms increased.

 Paleozoic Period

- Marine forms appeared.]

 Mesozoic Period

- Huge reptiles predominated.

- Age of reptiles, 230 to 65 million years

Ago.

 Cenozoic Period

- Advanced forms of animals appeared.

- 65 million years ago.

Divisions of Cenozoic Period

 Tertiary Period

 Quarternary Period

 Tertiary Period

- Age of Mammals, 62 millions years.

Divisions of Tertiary Period (5 Epochs)

 Paleocene Epoch - 11 million years ago

  Eocence Epoch - 16 million years ago

 Oligocene Epoch - 12 million years ago

 Miocence Epoch - 9 million years ago

Important factors of Anthropology in Education

 It allows people to study how humans and other organisms react

to certain environment.

 It gives us insights in how things work, live, and co-exist.

Through Anthropology, we can determine how things were made,

live and react to diff. scenarios and how diff. texts and our
perception of ideas change us.

 It also help us to study the changes that happen upon the nature
or from ourselves or from other organisms.