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Introduction
Section 10.5
Mechanics of
Composite Shear Connector Design
Behavior
Last Revised: 11/04/2014
Shear Strength SCM Section I3.2d specifies the shear force, V', that either can be, or is to
be, transferred between the concrete and steel. This shear force is
Flexural Strength transferred between the beam and slab over a length from the location of
maximum moment (where the internal forces are the greatest) and point of
zero moment. Figure 10.5.1 illustrates the force on a free body diagram of
Design of Shear a portion of a beam located between the zero moment location and the
Connectors maximum positive moment.
Figure 10.5.1
Deflection
FBD of a Partial Beam
Calculations Click on hotlinks in the image for larger views
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2/6/2018 Shear Studs
By statics, V' equals Cc and/or Ts. When the plastic neutral axis is in the
steel beam, Cc is at its maximum value (Cc = .85f'cAc) since Ac is at its
maximum value. When the plastic neutral axis is in the slab, Ts is at its
maximum value (Ts = AgFy) since the entire section is in tension. Since Cc
always equals Ts when the plastic neutral axis is in the slab and is at its
maximum when the plastic neutral axis is located in the beam, the
maximum value of V' will be the lesser of the maximum values of Cc or Ts.
The smaller value controls.
Note that a free body of the other part of the beam to the right of the
maximum moment would show that V' must also be developed on that side
of the maximum moment as well.
When designing the shear connectors the total shear strength provided
between zero and maximum positive moment locations is the sum of the
shear strengths of all the shear connectors in that region. This value is
mathematically expressed in SCM equation I3-1c.
V' = S Qn
The definitions of the variables are given in SCM I3.2d(3). You should
review these terms. A commonly used value of Fu for available studs is 65
ksi. This value is to be verified with the supplier of the studs during the
design process.
SCM Table 3-21 (SCM pg 3-207) lists Qn values of commonly used studs
and concrete strengths.
Channel shear connectors are small channel sections welded to the top
flange of the beam. The channels are arranged so that they are transverse
to the beam axis. These shear connectors are not typically used in
conjunction with steel decking. The equation for the nominal strength of a
channel shear connector involves terms from the steel and the concrete.
SCM equation I3-4 is used to compute the strength of a channel shear
connector.
There are also some other limits that must be met for shear stud
connectors:
a. The diameter of the stud, dsc, cannot exceed 2.5 times the thickness
of the beam flange (dsc < 2.5 tf).
b. There must be at least 1" of lateral concrete cover. This means that
the clear distance between studs must be at least 1". The smallest
center-to-center distance equals 1" plus the diameter of the head of
the stud.
c. The longitudinal center-to-center stud spacing along the beam axis
must be greater than or equal to 6 dsc, except within ribs of steel
decking, the spacing must be greater than or equal to 4 dsc.
d. The transverse center-to-center stud spacing on the beam flange
must be greater than or equal to 4 dsc.
e. The maximum center-to-center spacing of studs < min( 8*slab
thickness, 36 in).
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