Ing.

Pedro Marin FII- UNMSM

2015-2

FORMULARIO DE PROCESOS DE MANUFACTURA

1. Procesos de maquinado: torneado y producción de orificios

(𝐷0 + 𝐷𝑓 )
𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 =
2

𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑓𝑁

𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝑑𝑓𝑉

𝑙
𝑡=
𝑓𝑁

𝑣 = 𝑓𝑁

𝑉 = 𝜋𝐷0 𝑁 (𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑) 𝑉 = 𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑁 (𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜)

𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = (𝐷0 + 𝐷𝑓 )/2.

𝑑 = (𝐷0 − 𝐷𝑓 )/2.

𝑡 = 𝑙/𝑓𝑁.

𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑓𝑁

𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝐹𝑐 𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 /2

𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = (𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒)(𝑤), 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑤 = 2𝜋𝑁 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚𝑖𝑛.

Parámetros: Torneado
𝑁 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜, 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑓 = 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑚𝑚/𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔/𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑣 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜, 𝑚𝑚/ min 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛.
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜, 𝑚/ min 𝑜 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑙 = 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑝𝑟𝑡𝑒, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔.
𝐷0 = 𝐷𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔.
𝐷𝑓 = 𝐷𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 𝐷𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔.
𝑑 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔.
𝑡 = 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛.
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑜 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = 𝑘𝑊 𝑜 ℎ𝑝

KALÀKJIAN
Ing. Pedro Marin FII- UNMSM
2015-2

2. Taladrado, brocas y taladros

𝜋𝐷 2
𝑀𝑅𝑅 = ( ) 𝑓𝑁
4

3. Fresado, brochado, aserrado, limado y manufactura de engranajes

Fresado

𝑉 = 𝜋𝐷𝑁

𝑑
𝑡𝑐 = 2𝑓√
𝐷

𝑣
𝑓=
𝑁𝑛
𝑙 + 𝑙𝑐
𝑡=
𝑣
𝑙𝑤𝑑
𝑀𝑅𝑅 = = 𝑤𝑑𝑣
𝑡
𝐹𝑐 𝐷
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 =
2

𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒(𝑤) 𝑤 = 2𝜋𝑁

Parámetros: Fresado
𝑁 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎, 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐹 = 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑚𝑚/𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔/𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝐷 = 𝐷𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔.
𝑛 = 𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟
𝑣 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑚𝑚
/ min 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛.
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟, 𝑚/ min 𝑜 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑙 = 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒, 𝑚𝑚 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔.
𝑡 = 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒, 𝑠 𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑙𝑐 = 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙
𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜.
𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛.
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑜 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = 𝑘𝑊 𝑜 ℎ𝑝

KALÀKJIAN
Ing. Pedro Marin FII- UNMSM
2015-2

Brochado y brochadora

𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 = 𝑘√𝑙

4. Economía del maquinado

𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑚 + 𝐶𝑠 + 𝐶𝑙 + 𝐶𝑡

𝐶𝑚 = 𝑇𝑚 (𝐿𝑚 + 𝐵𝑚 )

𝐶𝑙 = 𝑇𝑙 (𝐿𝑚 + 𝐵𝑚 )

1 1
𝐶𝑡 = [𝑇𝑐 (𝐿𝑚 + 𝐵𝑚 ) + 𝐷𝑖 ] + [𝑇 (𝐿 + 𝐵𝑚 ) + 𝐷𝑖 ]
𝑁𝑖 𝑁𝑓 𝑖 𝑚

𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑖
𝑇𝑝 = 𝑇𝑙 + 𝑇𝑚 + +
𝑁𝑖 𝑁𝑓

𝐿 𝜋𝐿𝐷
𝑇= =
𝑓𝑁 𝑓𝑉

𝐶 1
𝑇 = ( ) ⁄𝑛
𝑉
𝑇
𝑁𝑓 =
𝑇𝑚

𝑚𝑇
𝑁𝑖 = 𝑚𝑁𝑓 =
𝑇𝑚
1
𝑚𝑓𝐶 ⁄𝑛
𝑁𝑖 =
𝜋𝐿𝐷𝑉 (1⁄𝑛)−1
𝐶
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑛
1 𝑇
[(𝑛 − 1) (𝑚𝑐 + 𝑇𝑖 )]

1 𝑇𝑐
𝑇𝑜 = ( − 1) ( + 𝑇𝑖 )
𝑛 𝑚

Parámetros: Economía del maquinado

𝐶𝑚 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝐶𝑠 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑎 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝐶𝑙 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑟, 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑗𝑜, 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎
𝐶𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠
𝑇𝑚 = 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎
𝐿𝑚 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑎
𝐵𝑚 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎
𝑇𝑝 = 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎, 𝑚𝑖𝑛

KALÀKJIAN
Ing. Pedro Marin FII- UNMSM
2015-2

𝑁𝑓 = 𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑜

𝑁𝑖 = 𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 ó𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒
𝑇𝑜 = 𝑉𝑖𝑑𝑎 ó𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎

5. Proceso de rectificado

𝑙 = √𝐷𝑑

4𝑣 𝑑
𝑡 = √( )( )
𝑉𝐶𝑟 𝐷

𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = (𝜇)(𝑀𝑅𝑅)

𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = 𝑇𝜇

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑜

𝐺=
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒

6. Electoerosión

𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 4𝑥104 𝐼𝑇𝑤 −1.23

𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝐾𝐼

𝐶𝑃
𝑡=
𝑣𝑑

7. Soldadura por arco

𝐻 𝑉𝐼
=𝑒
𝑙 𝑣

𝐻 = 𝜇𝑉𝑚 = 𝜇𝐴𝑙

𝑉𝐼
𝜇=𝑒
𝜇𝐴

8. Soldadura con resistencia

𝐻 = 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡

𝐻 = 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡𝑘

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