ARTICLE 1

Title Structural Morphology of VACUUMATICS 3D Formwork

Systems: Constructing Thin Concrete Shells with ‘Nothing’
Author/Publisher F. Huijben, F. van Herwijnen and R. Nijsse

Aim Understanding of the structural and geometrical behaviour of vacuumatics

3d-formwork systems.

Objective Is to describe an adaptable moulding technique to create complex 3-dimensional

geometries in concrete, citing ongoing research on Vacuumatics 3D-Formwork
Systems.

Summery The latest developments in concrete technology, enlarge the potential of

concrete as a structural material. The limiting factor at the moment with
respect to the feasibility of concrete in the free-form design practice is the
manufacturability and adaptability of its formwork system. This paper
describes an adaptable moulding technique to create complex 3-dimensional
geometries in concrete, citing ongoing research on Vacuumatics 3D-Formwork
Systems at the Eindhoven University of Technology.

Methodology Firstly identifying that there is no such affordable, adaptable, formwork system
which could be flexibly used in the construction of free-form structure which is
a major issue because every time we have to make custom form-work and thus
increasing the construction cost.
Then introducing vacuumatics 3D formwork which is in sort established by
introducing a (partial) vacuum inside an enclosed flexible skin with unbound
filler elements. Further finds that granular shaped material are much better
sealed than the fabric like material.

Conclusion Considering the fact that the manufacturability and the adaptability of the
concrete formwork are the limiting factors with respect to the creation of
complex geometries in concrete, vacuumatics 3d-formwork systems provide an
ideal solution. The re-usability of vacuumatics contributes to an economical and
sustainable manufacturing of customised concrete architecture.
ARTICLE 2

Title Blobitecture – Blob Architecture

Author/Publisher By Herbert Muschamp ‘The New Work Times

By AE_admin
Aim To study the Blobitecture - Blob Architecture
How they are adapting to Blobitecture

Objective Blobitecture completely originates from computer-aided design (CAD).

Contrary to its appearance, many mathematical calculations go into
‘blobitecture’ designs.
Summery Blobitecture is a term for a movement in architecture in which buildings have
an organic, amoeba-shaped, building form. Derive the forms by manipulating
the computer-aided design platform. It involved in developing the nonuniform
rational B-spline or NURB, freeform surfaces, and the digitizing of sculpted
forms by means akin to computed tomography.
Methodology Though intended in the article to have a derogatory meaning, the word stuck and
is often used to describe buildings with curved and rounded shapes. Derive the
forms by manipulating the computer-aided design platform.
Conclusion Considering the fact that the manufacturability and the adaptability of the
concrete formwork are the limiting factors with respect to the creation of
complex geometries in concrete, vacuumatics 3d-formwork systems provide an
ideal solution. The re-usability of vacuumatics contributes to an economical and
sustainable manufacturing of customised concrete architecture.
ARTICLE 3

Title Study for Tensile Fabric Structures (TFS)

Author/Publisher International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR) By Injeti Tharun Teja . ISSN: 2278 – 7798
Aim Study of the Tensile Fabric Structures (TFS) Regarding to its shapes and the
fibre made use off.
Objective The main objective of this work is to study the forces on the tensile fabric
structures, it’s modelling, analysis by using software or calculation of the tensile
fabric structures.
Summery A structure where the exterior shell is a fabric material spread over a
framework. The fabric is maintained in tension in all directions to provide
stability.A tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension
and no compression or bending. Tensile structures are the most common type of
thin shell structures. Analysis is done by accounting the load of fibre (PVC) on
the structure and the live loads; self-weight of the structure, snow load inclusive
of the wind load, considered on basis of IS: 875:1987.
Methodology The analysis of tensile fabric structure is done for its deformations and stresses
developed making use of ANSYS software. The design process is made more
complex by the fact that the shape of tensioned cable net and membrane
structures cannot be described by simple mathematical methods. They have to
be found through a form-finding process either using physical or computer
models.
Conclusion Tensile Fabric Structures process is mainly of two steps one is of the form
finding and the other is the analysis of the tensile fabric structure. The tensile
fabric structures can also be analysed by making use of softwares. Software
made this easier because of its development as if we can incorporate the
material details of the material we make use off. The deformations and the stress
has been shown by this analysis.
ARTICLE 4

Title The Origination of Stadiums

Author/Publisher By Angelo Spampinato http://www.worldstadiums.com/architecture
Aim History of Stadiums its origin and evolution of Stadiums.
Objective How ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, stadiums have been
regarded as architectural masterpieces and focal points in their surrounding
cities. How Stadiums becomes the amazing buildings in that era.
Summery Stadiums first appeared around 776 BC with the inauguration of the Olympics.
The Roman Colosseum is the first architecturally and structurally designed
building that resembles modem-day stadiums. After a few centuries of minimal
improvements in stadium development, the industry made huge advancements
starting in the 19 th century.
Methodology This research helps in thinking more because stadium designs are more complex
as well as more imaginative, in terms of architecture, structural systems, and
materials used.
Conclusion The purpose of the resaeach is to deal with the history of stadiums and their
existence from the Greeks and Romans to the 2 0 th century. Factors drives and
evolve in stadium design.
ARTICLE 5

Title Developing robotic formwork: enhancing formwork

mobility and variability through mechanization

Author/Publisher By Marcus Shaffer Department of Architecture, The Pennsylvania State

University
Aim Robotic formwork: enhancing formwork mechanization. And how to reuce the
formwork cost
Objective Digi-mechanical ‘‘formwork machine’’ could potentially reduce placement,
setup, and breakdown costs and address significant worker safety issues that are
associated with traditional hand-set formwork systems.
Methodology Contemporary developments in creating sustainable concrete formwork systems
are working to replace or eliminate sheet-based, hand-set formwork with factory
situated alternatives. This project alternatively keeps formwork onsite,
addressing the material and economic wastefulness associated with sheet-based
formwork by evolving the current parts-based, disposable system
(sheets/planking, connections, bracing, tie hardware, etc.)
Conclusion This initial formwork could be manipulated with a hand drill to produce
linear/right-angled and radial forms. In this process, it became evident that an
automated variable formwork had real potential. It also became evident that
robotic formwork could be designed and programmed to move itself through the
various processes associated with pouring concrete.
ARTICLE 6

Title Light Weight Prefabricated Roof Element For Long Spans

Author/Publisher By Marcus Shaffer Department of Architecture, The Pennsylvania State

University
Aim Materials and solutions for Light Weight Prefabricated Roof Element For Long
Spans. Study the feasibility of box-section structures for load-bearing elements.
Objective The main objective is to design, manufacture and test a new type of load bearing
element. In addition, the whole structure has to be light-weighted and possible
to be made with existing work process. survey of the prefabricated roof
elements used in buildings, study of the structural behavior of the element and
analysis of results.
Methodology The tests mainly focused on the effect of stiffeners and insulations, and buckling
mode of the beams. The results could be used in the design of a full-scale beam.
Conclusion The examples of similar prefabricated roof elements are found and compared
with each other. Those examples are divided according to materials, which are
made of steel and timber.
ARTICLE 7

Title Shell Structures for Architecture

Author/Publisher Sigrid Adriaenssens, Philippe Block, Diederik Veenendaal and Chris Williams

Aim Exploring different type of shell forms.

Objective Identifying all branches of shell structures and studying about the form finding
and optimisation of the shell structure.

Summary This article distinguish between three types of shell structures:

1. Freeform: free-curved or sculptural shells .They are often described by
higher degree polynomials (e.g. patches of Non-Uniform Rational Basis
Splines (NURBS)).
2. Mathematical: geometrical or analytical shells (hyperboloids, ellipsoid
and hyperbolic or elliptic paraboloids)
3. Form-found: shells include natural, hanging shapes associated with the
funicular structures of Antoni Gaudí, Frei Otto and Heinz Isler.

Methodology Firstly separating the singly and doubly curved shells. Then branching the
doubly curved shapes (non-developable)
1. Anticlastic surfaces: Centre of curvature are located on the opposite side
of the surface (hyperbolic parabola).
2. Synclastic surfaces: Centre of curvature are located on the same side of
the surface (Dome).
These are just branches of mathematical shell structure. Then moving forward to
Form found shell structures and free from structures. Then studying the
compression only, tension only, compression and tension only structures, which
make us understand shell structure’s physical properties better.
And finally understanding the role of form finding and optimisation in designing
the shells.

Conclusion My interest in shell structures is part and parcel of a more general interest in
structural engineering and its capacity to handle, shape and exploit complex,
differentiated geometries via relative optimization strategies.