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Fungsi Mekanisme system pencernaaan

Motilitas

Propulsi

Pengunyahan- fungsi motorik mulumumnya disarafi oleh motorik cabang nervus ke 5.

Proses pengunyahan dikendalikan di batang otak

Tujuan pengunyahan

1. Memecah membrane selulosa


2. Menghancurkan serat makanan yang kasar
3. Memperluas permukaan makanan
4. Mencegah goresan dinding saluran pencernaan
5. Mempermudah pengosongan lambung

Penelanan

Stadium volunteer

Stadium faringeal

a) Palatum mole tertarik ke atas untuk menutup nares posterior


b) Lipatan palate-faringeal tertarik ke medial membentuk celah
c) Pita suara menutup
d) Sfingter faring-esofageal relaksasi
e) Dinding otot faring berkontraksi

Stadium esophageal

a) Peristaltic primer esophagus,lanjutan gelombang peristaltic dari faring


b) Peristaltic sekunder esophagus,akibat distensi makanan yang tertahan disana

Fungsi motorik lambung

a) Penyimpanan (storage) makanan

Makanan masuk menimbulkan rangsangan taktil,memulai terjadinya reflek vagaltonus dinding


lambung berkurangmakanan ditumpuk lebih banya

b) Pencampuran makanan

Cairan digesti berkontak dengan dengan makanan di mukosa lambung

Lambung terisi penuh, timbulah distensi dinding lambung,timbul gelombang miksing ke arah antrum

Bila lambung telah lama kosong,timbulah kontraksi lapar


c) Pengosongan lambung
a) Peranan antrum
Semakin kosong lambung semakin ke atas tempat bermulanya kontriksi. Intensitas kontraksi
peristaltic antrum factor utama yang menentukan kecepatan pengosongan lambung
b) Peranan pylorus
Gerakan propulsive dan retropulsif berperan dalam fungsi pengosongan lambung

Fungsi motorik usus kecil


a) Kontraksi miksing pada usus kecil
Kontraksi segmentasi mencampur kimus dengan cairan dan enzim digestif
Ketika usus halus distensi,pada dindingnya merangsang reflek syaraf untuk berkontraksi secara
konsentris. Kontraksi ini memotong kimus yang ada di dalamnya
b) Kontraksi propulsive pada usus kecil
Mendorong kimus ke arah anal
Menebarkan kimus ke seluruh permukaan mukosa usus kecil untuk keperluan digesti dan
absorbsi
Meningkat sesudah makan

Fungsi motorik usus besar

Kontraksi miksing pada usus besar

a) Segmentasi dan kontriksi sirkuler


Kontraksi taenia koli bersama dengan kontraksi otot-otot sirkuler dinding usus besar member
gambaran kantong  haustra

b) Haustrasi yang berfungsi miksing


Haustrasi adalah kontraksi haustra yang biasa mencapai puncak intensitas setelah 30 etik dan
menghilang setelah kira kira 60 detik
Gerakan haustrasi dan segmentasi isi usus besar diaduk sehingga berkontak dengan mukosa
usus besarcairan di dalamnya dapat diserap secara progresif

Kontraksi propulsive pada usus besar

a) Haustrasi yang berfungsi propulsi


b) Mass movement

Reflek defikasi intriksik dihantarkan melalui syaraf enteric local; pleksus mienterikus

Menimbulkan gelombang peristaltic mass movement sehingga feses terdorong keluar

Reflek defikasi parasimpatis memperkuat reflek defekasi intrinsic yang lemah agar efektif
menimbulkan defekasi
Function Mechanism of digestive system
Motility
Propulsion
Motorbikes-the motor functions are naturally innervated by the motor of the fifth branch of the nerves.
The process of mastication is controlled in the brainstem
The purpose of mastication
1. Break down cellulose membrane
2. Destroy crude food fibers
3. Expanding the food surface
4. Prevent gastrointestinal wall scratches
5. Facilitate gastric emptying
Ingestion
Stage volunteer
Pharyngeal staging
a) The Palatum mole is pulled upward to close the posterior nares
b) Palate-pharyngeal folds attracted to the medial to form a gap
c) The vocal cords close
d) Faring-esophageal relaxant sphincters
e) The muscle wall of the pharynx contracts
Stadium esophageal
a) Peristaltic esophageal primer, advanced peristaltic wave of pharynx
b) Peristaltic secondary esophagus, due to food distention retained there
Gastric motor function
a) Food storage
tonus reflex wall stools lessening food stacked more banyaIncoming food induces tactile stimulation,
initiates vagal
b) Mixing food
Digestion fluid contacts with food in the gastric mucosa
Full stomach, arise stomach wall distension, arise waves miksing toward antrum
When the stomach has long been empty, the contractions arise hungry
c) Gastric emptying
a) The role of antrum
The more empty the stomach gets to the top where the contraction starts. The intensity of the major
peristaltic antrum contraction determines the speed of gastric emptying
b) The role of pylorus
Propulsive and retropulsive motions play a role in the function of gastric emptying

Small bowel motor function


a) Miksing contraction in the small intestine
mixing the kimus with liquid and digestive enzymesSegmentation contraction
When the distal intestine, on the wall stimulates the nerve reflex to contract concentrically. This
contraction cuts the inside of the kimus
b) Propulsive contraction of the small intestine
Pushing the kimus towards the anal
Spread the kimus to the entire surface of the small intestinal mucosa for the purposes of digestion and
absorption
Rising after meals
Bowel motor function
Contraction miksing on the colon
a) Segmentation and circular kontriksi
The contraction of taenia coli along with contraction of the circular haustramuscles of the colon wall
gives a picture of the bag

b) Haustration that serves miksing


Haustration is a normal haustra contraction that reaches a peak of intensity after 30 ethics and
disappears after about 60 seconds
The movement of haustration and segmentation of the large intestine is stirred so that it is in contact
with the large intestinal mucosa - the fluid in it can be absorbed progressively

Propulsive contractions of the large intestine


a) Haustration that functions propulsion
b) Mass movement

idihantarkan through enteric local nerves;Reflection of intrinsic deficiency the myenteric plexus
It causes a wave of peristaltic mass movement so that the feces is pushed out
improves weak intrinsic defect reflexes to effectively lead to defecationParasympathetic deflection
reflection

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