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SUCCULENTS
THE ILLUSTRATED
DICTIONARY
Maurizio Sajeva
'od
Mariangela Costanzo
limber Press
Port/and, Oregon
R'·,>rinu'<.'998 .lOOO.2001
ISR;..IO·8S192l982
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
ILLUSTRATED A - Z OF SPECIES
CRFOIl'S 239
ACK NOWLEDGEMENTS
w~ would like to thank LucOl Magilgnoli for his encouragement and for his h~Jp
in (ocOlling interesting plants; Andrea Catlabriga for many useful suggcstions;
AnnarOS1l Nicola and P<lsquale Ruocco for supplying transparmcies; Sara
Oldfit'ld for pennissiOll to reprint extracts from the lOS Code of Conduct;
ROSt'mary Anderson of Casse:1i ;md Lydia D.ubyshire for their ilssiSlanCt! in
preparing the manuscript; and all the nun>erymen, private collectors and k<,<,pefS
of public collections who gave pennission for plants in their collections to be
phOlographL'<i. We would also like to thlmk Dr GeT va n Vliet, !'lant Officer.
CITES Secretarial, for the chapler un CITES, which unfortuniltcly had to be
shortened for rt'i1sons of spacc.
The plants illustrated are shown in hJ.bitOl\ ;md in the authors' collections.
"Tht-y hil\'c also been photographed in the public oollt!Ctions of thc Botanical
Garden of the University of Bologna, the Botanical Garden of the Unin~rsity of
Palermo, the Garden of the National Herbarium of Namibia, Windhoek, and the
Succuk'l1t Cnllcction of the City of Zurich; the private collections of Andren
Callabriga, Vivi,ma Didoni, Annarosa Nicola and Pasqua le Ruocco; and thc
nur.;cries of Luciano Cre"enna, Bergamo, Cactus Centre, Florence, Lalla
Pelliconi, Ra,'enna. and Anna Peyron, Turin.
All the photographs w('re taken by Pierfranco and Daniele Costanzo unless
otocrwisc slated on page 240, and without their help the publication of Ihis
diCiion.'\ry would not have bo......'Tl possible. Thanks IIlso to Pierfranoo Costanzo for
dr,Hv;ng the line iIIustraliofls.
Special thanks are due to Marina Di Stefano Saje"ll for her plltience nnd
support during the preparation of this book.
F OR E WOHD
The decision 10 write this dictionary was prompted by Cacti: The Illustrated
DicliOl/Qry by Rod and Ken Prcston-Mafham, which so successfuUy mel II need
among C"dctus enthusiasts. Succulents other than cacti are described and illustrat-
ed in St.>vcrai monographic ~tudi\.'S dealing with a single genus or a specific goo-
graph ic,,1 ~ion, but there is no single book with a Jarge number of colour
illustrations co~'ering a wide rllngc of genera. It is hOpl-d that Ims dictionary w ill
go some \V<ly towards filling this gap, helping collectors to identi fy their plants
and cl1 cou raging ncwcumcrs to scloo interesting species to study (lnd g row.
We would tikI' to e mphasb:c that we do not pretend to have found a solu tion
10 the chaos afflicting the dassifi(alion of succulent pla nts - rather, we are curn-
pletely involved in th.1.t chaos. The classification of both succulcnts and cacti is
affecled by several factors thai lcad to frequent change> and 10 the CT{'alion of
very small genera and new species. The main problem is probably t~ horticul-
tural value o f new species. Nurserymen often offcr unidentified specimens as sp.
11000 to stimulnte the potential (u ll(.'(;tor's interesl. If a plant is described and pub-
lish .... d as a new species in nccordnncc with the rok'S of the International Code of
Botanical Nomcndature but without the plant's variability in habitat having
bcocn verified, a new species could be established, which, although va lid in
formaltCTms, has no biological mcaning
It is essential that a group of Clfpcrts attempt toddine a system that will bring
som .... s tability to the naming of succulent p\;mts and will CUI the pk'lhora of
generic nnd specific names that a(f1ict~ this group of plants. The International
Organization for Succulent !'llmts Stud y (lOS) is aiming to complete a proje<:1
tha t will find a consensus among cactus experts on the naming of the Caclaceae.
It is to be hoped that the [OS will be able to carry out a similar proje<:t for succu-
Icnts.
In this dictiona ry WI' h,wc used Ihe names currently found in private and
public collC(;tions. Including available rcvisions would have resultlld in a partial
work with no cohcrent criteria that would confuse the average collector. Somc
revisions a re noted in the descriptions of th e succulent spt.'Cies and for those
readers who <Ire interested in pursuing the subject fu rther thcre arc book.~ lisk>d
in Further Reading.
INTRODUCTION
Sucrulcnts i1T(' defined ilS plants thai are able to withstand drought bcc.luse of
the water stored in some of their orgrms. They constit ute a widespre"d group,
~ing represented in severil! filmilies of flowering plants and, to some extent, in
the Gymnosperms as well. The definition is somewhat problematic OC'CilUse
several plants, although not true succulents, ilTC included among th eir number
for aesthetic reasons. The most precise scientifi c definition is given in Lift!
Strategies of SIICCU/ClIls ill Deserts by D.). von Willert, B.M. Eller, M.J.A. Werger, E,
Brinckm.lnn and H.D. Ihlenfeldt:
A succulent (or sUCCQphyte) is a plant po~ing al least one succulent
tissue. A succulent tissue is a living tissue that, besides possible other
tasks, serves and guaran tees an at least tcmpori'lry storage of utilizable
water, which makes the plant temporarily independent of an e)(ternal
water s upply when soil water conditions have so deteriorated thai the
rool is no longer able to provide the ncccsS<lry water from soil.
This definition implies that succulence may be present in one or more plant
organs. The specializa tion of an organ is determined by the particular sek>ctive
prCS/iurein the spccics' habital.
Leaf succulence occurs in several familil'S, and it is usually associated with
e nvironments that do not have a long dry SCilson. When the dry scason is very
long the succulent leaves arc highly specinlized. Litho/IS is, perhaps, the best
example: the stem is absent and the leaVe!; grow hidden in the soil, thus reducing
water loss.
Stem succulence, which is seen in the cactus family, is also familiar to succu-
lent enthusiasts. Succulen t stems have leaves that are reduct.>d in size or arc
caducous when well develo]X>d, ,!lId photosyntht.'Sis is performed by the grCCll
s tems. Stem succulents may inhabit more arid environments, but the critical
point is their sire: gig.lIllic spcctes need regular water to s upport growth, and in
very dry environments stems are reduced in size.
In root succulence the organ of reserve is subterra nean, which is thus protect-
ed from the stresses of wind and predation. Root succulence is often associated
with annual stems, which desiccate during the dry ~ason
In addition to thesc visible characteristics, succulents have severa Ilcssevidenl
features that give them strong selective advantages in arid habitats. The number
and size of the stomata (the holes that allow air to enter leaves and leaves to
cilpture carbon dioxide) are usually reduced. Not only docs this reduce water
loss but it also reduces the amount of cMbon dioxide taken in. Moreover, the
opening of stomat" during the day, in the presence of st rong sunlight and dry
air, would lead to the evaporation of water without a compens.1 tory intake of
wilter in the form of rain. A p<1rticular type of photosyn thesis, Cr.,ssulilcean Acid
Metabolism (CAM), has evolved in several families. [n CAM the stomata of
plants open at night, when the temperature is lower and the humidity of the air
is higher. These plants s tore ca rbon dioxide, using o rgilnic ncids - nilmely malic
acid - during the night when the stomata are open. Carbon dioxide is released
during the day when Ihe stomata are dosed but light is available for photosyn-
thesis to transform the carbon dioxide into sugars. CAM is not only efficient in
the economic use of water but is also highly effective in (apturing (arbon dioxide
from the air. CAM phOhJSynthesis evolvoo independently in several families,
and it is also present in some ;1qUJtiC plMltS, when thesclective advJntage arises
from the effiden(y of (apluringcarbon dioxide that is not abundant in water.
tn arid habitats suc(Ulent phmts may be the only SOUT(e of food for wild
animals. Several features have been cvolvt.>d to rope with this predation, the
most common being the presen(e of spines, whi(h make the pl,mts less appetiz-
ing, and mimicry, which makes them difficult to see against the soil. Another
defence against predators is the prcscn(e of toxic or repellent chemicills - on(C
Ihe predator hilS tilsled the plilnt il will not try to cat J similar specimen
The different adaptive characleristi(s are present in various groups of plants
Often spt.ocit.'S that Me distant in geographic or phylogeni( terms may look
si milar. The most striking example of this is probably the (olumnar or globulilr
euphorbia and cacti. The volume 10 surfil cc ratio is (Titical from the point of view
of storing water, and it is ~ible to identify a trend in stem shape, from the
cylindrical to the illmost spherical, th"t is the ideal for the volume to surf;1(C
ratio. These plants mily hilve very si milar sh"pes even though they are native to
differen t (onlinents and h.we different ancestors. The resemblan(e is caused by
the s.lme selective pn.'ssurc that (auSt.'S (onvergent evolution.
The problems of nillure (OnServation are widely ilpprcciated. Those who are con-
sidering growing, collecting and studying succulent plants must be "ware of the
impact that they can have on the wild populations of the plants they wish to
study. Most succulents grow in habitats that have a fragile coologi(al l'quilibri-
um, and the environmental conditions often lead to slow r.,tes of growth and
low reprodU(tive rates. For example, only 0.1 per cenl of the seeds produced by
WI'/wilscilin mimbilis will raise a new specimen, even in favourable conditions. In
the plant's habitat. the Namib Desert, filvourable mnditions may not ocrur for
several years, "s rain is very rare. If mature plants were to be removed, the
reprodu(tion rate of the species would fall below a sustainable level. Similar oon-
ditionsapplytoscveralotherspt.>c!<.'S.
In some instances the demand from mllcctors h~s meilnt that the limit in sus-
tainable collecting of wild spcdes has been reached. In response to this, in 1973
more than one hundred nations signed the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and ROTa (CITES). Some mllectors regilTd the
CITES convention as a disaster. It must be borne in mind, however, that CITES
dOL'S not prohibit the trade in plants and animals; it merely reguliltt.'S and moni-
tors international trade in endangerL>d spt.ocies with the aim of preserving them in
theirh"bitats.
TIlt!re are three Appendi(es in which specit.'S endangered by tr"de are listoo:
• Appendix [ includes species that are threatenlod with extinction. The trade in
lmy wild pllmt or animal con taintod in this Appendix is forbiddclI.
• Appendix !I includes species that are not necessarily threatened with extin(-
tion but that may become so unless trade is strictly rL'gulatoo, and the trade in
wild plants and animals is, therefore, subject to the issue of an export licence
• Appendix !II includes those species in which the regulation in trade is within
thejurisdiclion of the nation (On(erned
Scver.ll 5ucru]cnts are ruITently included in Appendices I and 11; none is at
prcscnt included in Append ix Ill. All artificially prop<1gated plants m~y be
SUCCULENTS-Ti l E ILLUS TR ATED DICTIONARY
0350
Aloe humilis var. echinata (Willd.) Baker
LILiACEAE
A smaller va riety with fleshy spines on upper surface
of leaves.
Brief dO'SCription Qf Aloeechil1ata WiUd .; A. tllberCll iata Ha w.
''''''pOO~ South Africa (Cape Province) CITES App. ll
Oihernamesinu,;.,todeno\"th"
sameSpt'Cle5
Status of the species under theClTES
(up...:latroas~ tMan::hl992):
Rangeofdistribution of the specit!S
App.l =spcciesHsled inAppendi~!
App. 11 =spt'Ci..slistoo in Appt'nuix 11
The colour photographs werc t.:lken in a number of public and private collections
and comrnerdi11 nurseries or in the habitat. The colour and shape of individual
plants depend on their geograph ical position and the type of greenhouse or
glasshouse in which they are grown and on the attention they receive from the
grower. Plants also vary according 10 the time of year. During resting periods
they may shrink, hilve fewcr leaves or aClluire a reddish tinge. Plants grown in
sunny positions and plants that receive little water may also have .1 reddish
tinge, while those grown in shndc and thnt receive plenty of waler are greener.
For these r(,.:Isons the co100r and fonn of the plants illustrated may vary slightly
from the descriptions of the type species.
10
SUCCULENT FAM ILIE S AN D GENERA
The famili('S and the genera illustrated in this dictionary arc described bricny in this chapter. Some referenre books, must
of which nrc monographic studies, thai may be of use to interested readers are includoo in Further Reading. The most
com plete work on succulent plants is undoubtedly the three-volume A Hum/book of Sliccult'Jls Plants by 1'1. Jacobsen,
which covers Illust succulents in cul tiviltion, although it does not indud(' the most recent discoveries. Several periodicals
sp•.,'cializc in succulen t plants, imd they arc the best SQurce of up-to-date informa tion.
This genus includes several species of use to humans. The Sallsevit riaThunb.
lea" es of Agaut s;salana, for example, are a source of sisal, There are approximately 70 species of rhh:omalOus or
which is used for milking ropes, S<lcking. insulation and so stolonifcrous plants with fibrous, succulent leaves. The
on. A. SiSlllllllR used to be cultivated ill Sicily untiI 19-W, but elongated innorcsceno.- is unbranched and is seldom pro-
it was not l'COnomically viable, and now the remains of duced in cultivation; the flowers are white or grL'Cnish.
~bandoned si5ll1 orchards may be S<'en. Other species arc Several species are tolerant o f shade and may be grown as
nsed in Mexico to produce alcoholic beverages by fer- house-plants.
menting the central part of the stem. D I!m< IHlJ110N: tropical Africa, Ind ia a nd Madllgascar.
The leaves uf agaves. w hich are very va riable in size,
are arranged in rosettes. The inflorescence is a ta ll spike-
1010 m or more - and usually has thick, modified leaves Between 40 and 50 species of smal1 trees bear simple or
(bracts). The tubular flowers, which are borne in clusters, branched stems. The leaves, which are arranged in
have six sepals. The fruit is a capsule wilh bl.1Ck seeds. rosettes, arc flexible to rigid. The brilnched innoresceno.-
All ngowes nre monocarpic - i.e., the plant dies after bears noctumill flowers. During the day the flowers do nol
nowering and seeding - but it takes several years for an close fully, gh'ing refuge 10 the moths that pollinate them.
inflorescence to be produood. The fruit is a dry o r fleshy capsule with black SC«Is. Some
DISTI!IHtJT1ON: I\ merica; a few species are natu ralized in species llre hllrdy and can be rn ltivated outside the green·
Mediterranean cou ntries and tropical regions. house if the cold season is not too long.
DISTRIDlJ110N: Nurth America and West Indies.
Cali/NlIIliS Rose
A mOllotypic genus.
D!STRJ8t.mON:Mexico.
/)QsyliriOlIZ UCC. M IAnl' U . IJ),\ CE,\E J .S t. lli 1.
(MONOCOT \' LE J}O NS)
There arc approximately 18 species of Si mple-s temmed
plants with long. lancrolate leaves with spiny margins. There are about 70 genera of bulbous plants, with corms or
The infloresceno.- is branched, and the flow~rs are cam· rhizomes. Only the genus Ammochari5 Herb. is included
panulate. here.
DlSTRI8UTJI)N: Mexico and southern USA.
11
the stilpcliile group pollen grilins adhere togethl'r to form
wilxy pollinia (Fig, 1). The frui l is a follicle con taining
About 70 g('nCrOl of IR'O.'S or shrubs with resinou$ b.uk <Ire
!;everal seeds with a Icrminal luftof hairs. Thegcnera con-
found in IropicOlI and tempcrMe regions of the northern
laining sucCtlk'1ll plant~ have a complex and confusing
hem isphere. The f,lmily cont,lin$ several species of E'CO-
taxonomy. The species with ~ucrulenl stems are prone to
nomic interest, includ ing M(lIISlft'rtI illdim (mango),
rotifover·watered.
AnflCflrdiulII OCCidffilfll.: (cashew nul) and Pi~tocia /culiscus
DISl"RJIIUTlO:-.l: lropical and temper.,It! regions..
(pistachio nut).
Only the genera Porllycontms Coville and Op.!rmiycarin
H. Perrier are considered ~uccu lcnl and arc included in
this dictiona ry.
12
Ctrop·'s;aL. Dllvalrallaw.
These climbing or erect plants often h.1.ve swollen tuix:rs or The four- to Six-angled stems have spre.lding teeth. The
fusiform roots. The calyx has five Sl'pals, a nd the five leaves art! small. The flower.;, w hich appear on younger
pcLlls of the corolla arc united to fonn a tube, ..... hich is stems, are solitary or bome in clusters on s talks 1- 3 em
almost spherical at the b.,sc; the tips of the lobes arc uniloo long.
to fonn a lantefll-like structurc (Fig. 2). D1sTR18lJTlO:"II:eastemand .....esternAfrica.
DrSTlUIlIJT1ON:ccntral and southern Africa, Canary Isla nds,
EdudllopSisl look J .
Indi~i1nd Mad ei ra.
The stems hilve between 6 and 20 ilnSll'S,lhe ribs being
d ivided into hexagonallUbcrcl($. Flowers i1re borne in
clus ters of two to four; they have no tube, triangular lobes
andan inner whorl with fivereflexl>d lobes.
DISTRIBIITION: tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula and Sou th
Yemen (Sorotra).
EJillleoII'llN.E.6r.
TIle few species have fiv~.lngled stems to 30 cm high.
Large, hemispheriCilI flower.; are borne at the stem apices.
DlsTRrBUTIO'l: Kenya, Somalia, South Yemen (SocotT3) and
FockeaEndl
These c,l udidform plants hllve tuberou s roots lind thin,
twining branches. The flowers, which Illay be solitilry or
borne in clusters, a re s tarfi sh-like
DlsTIlIIIUTJO'l: Angola. Nilmibia, South Africa and
FrereoDalzell
A monotypic genus very similar to Carol/lwlIl but with per-
sistent lea\'es to6cm long.
DlsTRIIIUTION:lndia.
Hoodia5weet
The miln y-angkod stems, to I m tllll, Me covel"(.od with
Fig.2 A side "ii'll! of lilt'scilcmatie f/oM'rofCeropegia. Tilt' conic.11 tubercl es and hard teeth. Flowers, which arc borne
corollalrlls/ifJe/lClals.wlricilarclIlliledl%rmmlllimos/splrL'T-
neiIT the apex of stems, have a flat corolla, very small lobes
icallll""lItll1t'ba54'wllill'llrt7Ii//s(Jfllll'lobt'sll~lmilt'1il/l(Ja
and a fiv~lobt.od corona in two whorls.
III/Ilerl/-/rtt strllellm. This type of f/UWfr call ~ ,1OI/iIlMt'd oll/y D~'IIII11JTIO'l: Angola, Namibi.lll nd South Afric.l.
bysptCi/icpoJlilllllors.u'lric/lllrellbleIO~tlclr t/rrpollillillduwn
Iltc/ollglu"". HoytrR.lk
These epiphytic plilnts hilve climbing stems and branch($.
Cy"mlchllm L The lc.wes are vilriilble in s hape and size, and in some
Climbing shrubs with fl($hy brilnch($. The enrollil lobes of species are thick and sucrulent. Inflorescences i1 re borne in
Ihe small flowers form a pentagon. pendent clusters wi th severill waxy, stilr-like and fragrant
DlsTRIHUTIO'l: central and southern Africa and Madagascar. flowers.
DISTRI61IT10N: Asia, Australia and ]'olyul'"!ii il.
Thl'SC arc epiphytic plants with smilll, lVilxy leavl'S, solne Hrr;:nriaR.Br.
of which arc modified into large, inflatod pitchers inhabit- The short siems, which branch from the bilse, are four- to
ed by ants (see also MyrmmJill under Rubiaceile). The six-a ng k>d and have large teeth. Flowers a rc produced
flolVers i1 re smaiL from the b., sc of young stems and have a camp.lnulate
DISlRlIll1ll(N: Australia and India. corolla.
DlSIl!111l1TlO.-";: sou thern and eastern Africa, Arabian
Peninsula and Ethiopia.
13
Notechidllll//Sisl..wr"nos&B1cck deep lobes arc triangul"r. The corona has two, five-lobed
Similar to Echidnopsis bUl leafless al all SIJgt$ of grow th . whorl s, an inner and outer whorl
DtsTRI1K1l'1(»II: lIQulhern Africa. DlsrRJIIU'IlOI\': tropical and sout hern Africa.
Pummlhus R. Sr.
The flowers are s mall; the corolla is flat, a nd tht' lube is
absent or campa nulat\'; Ihe lobes are lanct.'Ola te.
DtsTRl1K1l'1(»II:soulht'mAfrica.
A family of abou t six genera o f rh iwmatous, climbing
PSt'udoiilll('J$ P.R.O. Bally
plan ts with s im ple. often succulent leaves. The b ra nched
The unbranchlod stems a re stone-like. The inflorescence
inflOre5O!llct" bears small flowers. Only one gen us,
hasman ysm" Ufl owers.
BolIssirlgaliltin H .B. & K., is iIIustra tocl here.
D1!>'TKIIIUTlON:Soma lia.
D1STRII!UIION: tropical and subtropical Ame rica.
QllaqWl (N.E. Br.) Bnlyns
This genu s is related to Cllmllrmm.
DISTRIBUTION: sou th ern Africa.
Ra"iliollacml' Harv.
BO.\ IBACA n :.\I·: "'11m" (JH COTYu: nO 'lS)
A genus d istinguished by its tuberous roots, cli mbing There are 30 genera of very l<lrge trees with soft wood. The
s tems and loose pomn ia. leaves, w hich may be simple or compound, a re covered
Dr.muBlJTl()l\,: eastern Africa. w ith hairs or hairy scales. The flowers are large. The two .
genera illustrated havc woolly fruits with numerous seeds
RJly/ulOOlUll/Il P.R.O. Bally
~11IlI1"ION: tropica l Africa and America.
The unbranched s tems are papillose. Solitary flowers a rc
borne 0 11 short sta lks; the corolla has spreading lobes. Ge n era Illus tra te d
DISTRlBUTlON:easternAfrica.
8ombaxL.
Sa rroslemmllR.Br. These large trees o ften have spiny trunks and palmate
Thin-stemmcd shrubs with clus ters of flowers. with s mall, leaves. The very large flowers appear before the leavt.'S.
projectingrorolla lobes DIS'Tl!IOUT101': tropica l regions.
DtsTRJOIJTlO:'<.l:t ropicaIAfrica.
CllOrlsia H.B.&K.
The trees have swollen trunks that are usually spiny. T1le
lbere are about 100 species. The flowers, which are borne large floWl'l'S appear before the p.llm.lte leaves.
on long st,llles, ha\'e a five-lobed, osuall y fla t, corolla; the Dls nU BlJIIQN: tropical America.
\4
III HHI I·: U ,\( :E.\ E JII ~~. ( MO~O C OTYLEUO .~S) CO .\IMEI.I~J\( ; I·: M: II . Ur. ( MO~OCOT\,I.E I )O"\~ )
The family cont<lins <loout 50 genera of terrestrial or epi- These tropical plants have jointed stems. The flowers nrc
ph)'lic plants. The bas.11 Ic,1\'es, which m<ly hilvc spiny usuillly blue, iI colour thnt is seldom seen among succulent
margins, are oftcn arranged in rosettes. Flowers are borne plants.
in spik..'S "'ilh colouwd bracts. The epiphytic genera grow
Gene ra Illus trated
on the trunks and stems of trecs.
Dislribution: tropicaJ America. Cal/isiaL.
These plants, which have succulent leaves, are similar to
Gener~ Illustrated
TmdcSCfwlia
Abmmdlirlla Mez DISTRIIIl1ll0N: Mexico, tropical South America and south-
Small, terrestrial rosettes form large clumps. The greenish eastern USA.
flowers are usually SOl itary, and the petals Me much
Cymwli5 D. Don
longer than the sepals.
A genus of pl'lllts with tuberous roots and succulent
OISTRml1J·loN: Argcnlinil and Dolivia.
leaves
DeuleroclmiaMez DISTRlBllTlO.\I: tropical Africa and Asia.
These short-stemmed plants have rosettes of leaves with
Tmdt'SCauliaL.
spinose margins
These phlllts have fibrous or tuberous roots. jointed stems
DJSrRIBUT10N: South America.
and leavcs that arc often covered with hairs.
Dyckia5chuiLf D1STRIt\UTION: North and South America.
The stemless rost..ttes have thick rhizomes. The leaves are
rigidnndh.1Vespinosemargins
OIS1"RJ6llTIO:-/: Sou th America
CO\ IPOS ITAE Cisf'kl' (1lI COT\' I.EIlO NS)
HedlliaKlot~_o;c h
Stemless or short -stemmed rosettes arc formed from grey A very large fJmily containin g both annual nnd percnni"l
or red-brown leilves with spiny margins plants. ranging from herbaceous plants to tr~ and
DISTRfBllTIO:-/: lvlcxico and southern USA. including epiphytic and aq uatic SpOOL'S. The inflorescence
m.ly bear from one to mnny heilds of clustered, stalkless
I'llyaMolinil
flowers, and the calyx has many bristles and scales
The toothed and spinose leaves arc arranged in rosettes,
(pappus), which remain attach ..>d to the sa>ds and facilitate
which may be stemless or long-stemmed, to 10 m tall
their dispersal by the wind
wheninnower.
DISTRlIIlITlO\l: widespread.
OISTRIBllTlO.... : Argentina, Bolivia and Chile.
Gene ra Illus trat ed
Oll1ollilaL.
These small shrubs have either entirc or lobed Ic"vcs. They
IlU II S EII ACI':,\ E KUUlh (U1 COTYLEOOi\S)
are winter growing and should be kept dry in summer.
A family of about 20 genera of shrubs or large trees. The DlsrRIBl1ll0.\l: Namibia and South Africa.
trun ks, b.1rk and wood arc resinous. The leaves arc com-
Sl'IIrcio L.
pound.
This very large genus contain..,; several succulent species.
Genera Illus trat ed The genus Klciuia h"s bco:::n included in this genus for the
purposes of this dictionilry.
BurseraJacq
DISTRlBllTlO:-/:widespread.
These shrubs have caudiciform trunks and compound
leaves.
D!STRlBllTlON: Mexico and southern USA.
Commipllom Jacq.
Shrubs with a very thick. tuberous Colude>:; simila r to
Burscm.
DISTWIIIUTION: Namibia.
15
COi\VULVL LM : E,\E Ju ss. (1J ICUTY L E UO:"lS ) Gene ra Illu strated
This family cont"ins pl.lnts of very diverse habit. including Adromisc/ms Lcm.
some parasitic spl."(ies. The showy, c"m piU1UIJte nowers Succulent herb.1CCOllsnr shrubby plants with fit'!;hy, per-
are usually whitcorpink sistent leilv<'S. The innorcsccnccs have noweTS at right
DISTR18UTION: widespread. auglesto thepeduncIes.
DISfR1BU1l0N: Namibia and South Africa (Cape Province)
Ge nera Illustrated
ACU!lillm Webb & Herthel.
IpolllrJelll.
Shnlbs with simple or branchl'<l stems and leaves
A large and variable genus of trees, shrubs and herbaceous
arranged inrosettesilt the tips of thcbrilnchcs. The chilrac-
pl,lnts. The species cultivated by succulent enthusiasts
teristic rosettes die after nowering.
have tuberous roots iUld slender s tems. Several
DISfRlBL"llOK: north Africa, Canary Islands, Madeira and
spt'Cies' are being imported.
MediteITane.lnrcgions
DISfRIBU1l0N: tropical and subtropi cal regions
Aichryso!!Webb&Bcrthel.
MenemillDelllUit.
Very close to Ai!O!!iullI.
These sm,lll. climbing pl,lnts h,lve lobed or compound
DISfRIDU1l0N: Azores, Canary Islands and Madeirn.
leaves. They ilre very simil'lT to Ipomoea, from which they
may be distinguished by differences in the pollen struc- CO/Y/I'dOHL.
ture. Branching shrubs with opposite waxy leaves. The campan-
DISTII.lIILIllO\J:tropical regions. ulate flowt!TS, which may be red, yellow or or,lIlge, are pol-
liniltedbybirds,
DISfRIULmON: Arabian Peninsula, Nil mibin nnd South
Africa.
Ctl ,\S SU I ,,\( :I':,\E DC :. (I., . COTYLE DUNS)
CmsslllaL.
The family of Crassulace<"1e contains <"1 large number of Ht!rba ceuus plants or shrubs with succulent leaves of
widely found mlllual, biennial and perennial species, with various shapes. There are 250-300 tipecies, which are found
more ur It'!;s succulent leaves, which grow in a wide range in habitats ranging from wctlnnd to desert. The southern
of cl imatic conditions (from wetlands tu d~rts). Th ... African tipt'Cies are widely cultivated.
innorescence usually beJrs sm"n nowcrs (Fig. 3). The DI<;TRIIIU1l0:-.l: southern and tropical Africa; a few species
seo..'(\s are dust-like. but plants an' easily prop.lgiltcd from arewidespreild.
stem and leaf cu ttings,
DlldleyaBr.&R.
low-growing plants with leavcs arrangt>d in rust'lles. The
branched inflorescences bear star-shaped nowers.
DISTRIBU1l0:-l: Mexico and USA (Arizona, California,
Nevildil)
Ec/U!I>eriIlOC.
low-grow ing rosettes bear erect stems uf l<"1teral inflort!s-
ccnceswithnumerousbracts.
D/STR1BU1l0:-l: (t'ntral America and Mexico
Crap/opelalllll! Rose
A genus that is closely related to Ecitl'l't'ria, from which it is
distinguis hed by its sl.lT-like nowers illld the wd spols on
thepetills
DISfRIBLIlloN:Mexico.
Grl't'lloviaWebb&Berthel.
The rosettes are very similar to those of Srmll("roiullm. The
nowers :ITe golden yellow, and the rosette dies after now-
Fig. 3 Tile f/uwers of members of 01., Cmssulllcene [amily lire ering
,>erg simpk IImi lire anllllged in inf/oresct'llces. Tire Illlmlx' of DISTRIBU1loN:Canary Islands.
stllmells iseqlllllt()tItCl1umbt.>rofpetIIISI!riS<lmllltipleo{titem.
16
/oviborl>aOph: Tacitus Mor,ln &. J. Meyr5n
A very small genus, closely allied 10 5<'ml't'rtJivlmr. The 5..>eGmptopt'lnlulII.
flowers arc camp.1nulah.'.
Tylccodou T oclken.
Dls'ntllllfl'l()fl.: ea~t Europe (H.1Ikans,md ('astern Alps).
Distinguished from COlyi.'I1ol1 by the lion-waxy leaves
KII/;mdwt Adans. arranged in spirals and by the presence of bracts on the
A vC'I'y \'ariilbl(' genus con taining hcrb.1(COU~ plants, flowering stems.
shrubs and climbers. The leaves in some sp<'Cies produce DlsnU61JTlO:'<1: sou them Afric,l.
pl,mtlcts. The lenni"al inflorescence bears showy flowers.
Vililulinilaw.
DIsnl,lll;Tl!.JN: southern and tropical Africa, AS;il and
A genus that is dosely related 10 Starlm, from which it
Madagascar.
differ.i in hln'ing pct"ls unikod int() a di!>tinct tube.
M011Ill1lht!< llaw. D,5f1UHU1l()f.;: Mexico 10 Peru.
A genus of small pl,lIlts with fleshy leaves and hairy in-
floresomre;.
DI51RIIlUTIlN: C.1nary 1~lands and Madf'ir,l.
CU(: Lltlll'!",\CE,\E Ju ~~. (1) ICOT \' I. EI)U I\Sj
()ro;;/"chys(OC.) Fbch.
The small T05cttcs die after pmcluring ,1 1011 1in fl orescence. This is a f<lmily of f,1st'growing, climbing plants with ten-
LJISTRI!lUT10'i:Asia. drils. Se\,eril] species produce edib](' (m ils. '1111' species
cull i \'al~'<l by succ ul ent colll...:tors usually IUlI'e tuberous
Polc/1Y/1l1ylllm Link, Klot7$ch &. Otto
TO<Jtstocks(>T sw,,]lcI1 b.ls,!S.
The fleshy-leaved roS('itl'S may be distinguished from
DI!>TJ<IUU1loN: tropicfl ] find warm temperate countries.
[c/U!VI!riu by the pTl'sence of a pilir of sca l~ inside each
pctJI. Ge nera Illustrated
LJISTRlDUTlO'i: M('xico.
Cel'Jrn/<I)lelltalldraChiuv.
R05uiaria(OC.)Stapf A monotypic gellus.
The pl<lnts in Ihi~ genus <lfC similar to Sedlllll aod DlsnI,HLIT1OI\: Ethiopia, Kenya and Ug.lnda.
Srnrpm!iVlmr, but the roscttl'S 141Velateral inflorescences.
COl1lllOCllrplj5 Welw. ex llook.f.
DlSI1UIIU1lO'i: cast Europe and Asia (Caucasus and
A genus of ilhout 20 speci('S of pliln ts with climbing or
Himal,,},as).
trailing stems arising from a tuberous root. Very few
StdumL specics are of intercst tu the succulenl gmwer.
There <lfC approximat('ly 600 spcde; of hcrb.1CCOUS or DlsnIrHLIT1OI\: Afric.l, India nnd M,ldaga<;car.
shrubby plants, with erccl or dccumbt>nt stems. The star-
Garo,dllllllrusi larv.
~hap'-od f]OWl'fS arc various colours. European and Asiatic
A genus of plants with a tuberous rootstock from which
spcci('S are hardy and suitable for the rock garden.
climbing stems wil h tendrils are produced.
Dl5T1!lBlJT1O'ol: Asia, Europe, north Africa and I\'orth
DISTR18LIT101\:ccnlral,eastcrn,U1d stlulhem Africa.
America.
/wroilil:t! ~.D.Grcelle
StIllpt'rtJh",lInSlapf
The glabrous :.tems arc swollen at the holSt.', and the climb-
TIIest' small plants have leaves arranged in rosettes and
ingbranch('Sh a~·elcndril s.
white or pink flowers.
DISl'RIIlUTIO/\.: north Mex ico and sout hwest USA.
DISTRJUlJTIO'l:Asia(]-limllllly,1S).
KcdrostisMcdik.
5<:mpl"rlliVWHL
Theseclimbing plllnts have swollen, cll udidform bllS(.'5.
The lell\'es of these Sioionifcrous plfl nts flfC nrrMlged in
LJISTRIBtmOl>l: Africa to trupical Asia.
ro*lk~, anu th ... flowl'rs arc star-s hapo.'(\. There are about
40 ~p'-'("ies and mnTl~ than 250 cul ti vars, allllf which are MeiOlliriaL,
hard y. A genus runlilini n); " pprOximlltcJy 10 Spt....:il'S of climbing-
DISTRIIlUTlO'l; north Africa, Asia and Europe. or trailing-stemmed plan ts with tend rils, very f('w of
which <In' of int('r('St 10 th(' succulent collector.
Simxrassll/a A. Berger
DlsTR181.!11OK: tropical and su btropica l America.
A :.mall genus, :.imilar 10 Sed",.,.
DIsTR,6l1I1C)"II: A:.ia (I-limalaya:.toChina).
17
MomordiCllL. EU I'IIOIIIII ACEA E Ju ~~. (llt r.OT\'I. E IlO NS )
About 60 species of climbing plants with fleshy rootstocks.
Th(' Euphorbiacca(' family contains about 320 genera and
The fruit s a re more attractive than thc flowers.
o,",er 8,<XXI species of geographically widespread ph'mts,
DtsrRJ8UTlON: Africa.
which range from annual herbs to la rge trees. All
Sf'yrigia Kl>r;lUdren Euphorbiaccae have a milky sap that may be hannfu l to
A gCllus contai nin g a fcw species of climbi ng plants, with th(' touch. The innorescence has a complica ted st ructure,
slcndcrorsucC1.l lt'nt, little-branched s tems wi th tendrils. based on the cyathium, which consists of nn involucre con-
DISTRlBlJTlON: Madagasca r. taining one roouccd female flowt'r and sevt'ral male
nowers. Th('re lire protective bracts and ncctaries. The frui t
Xerosicyosl'[umberl
is a capsult", which explodes on ",aching maturity.
A gen us of cl imbing plants wilh gl~ brous or hniry st('ms
and thkk,su<xulcnt leaves. Ge n (' ra Illus tra ted
DISTICIHlJTlOl<l:Madagascar.
EupllorbiaL.
Zygosicym Ilumbert Tht'''' art' over 2,txXJ species of very di\'ersc habit, from
Climbing siems with tendrils are produced by tuberous annual plallts to large trees, and including several succu-
roo< •. lent species. All species contain a poisonous, irri tant white
D1STIt18lJ1lCY.'11: Asia and Madagascar. latex. Cyathia are endosed in a five-lobed im'oluCfC
J:xoaring nectaril'S and subtendcd by enlMged, colollrro
bracts (Fig. 4). Some spcci<'S make sui table house-plants.
DISTltI~U1ION: widespread but the succulen t spt.'Cies Me
1J1IJIEIIE,u; E,\E \)r"k,' (IH COTYI,EI>O NS) more common in Africa and Madagascar.
This family, which is related to the Cact.lcc.le, contains
:o;crophytic spiny shrubs and small trees.
Gen e ra Illus tra ted
AllmmdiaDrake
A genus of spi ny shrubs with ('rect, spreading branches.
OtSTltHIUl'ION:Madagascar.
Dirlierra&ill.
The stems ha\'e thick, tuixorculate branches, which bear
narrow leaves and spines
DISTRl8UTlOl<I:Madagascar
If.Af. I,'\i,\ c' I:,\ E ' li" T." (1l 1c'OTYI.E n ONS)
,,'OLTQ UI EIII ,\ CE,\ E DC. (O ICO'!''' 1 E J) O~S) The tI"C'CS,shrubs nnd li,lnilsin Ihis family have stems that
may exhibit peculiar growt h forms. Only one genus,
fOllqll;l'rifPH.ll&K.
Pyn7lucanllw Wright. which is native to ~astem Africa, is
This is the only genus of this f.lmily. There are a few
illustraled in thisdictionnry.
species of spiny shnlbs or tr('CS with stems over 10 m tall.
DISTRIBUTlON: tropical and temperate regions.
The gcnu~ Idrill is considerL'(1 to be a sy nonym.
DrsrRIBlTtlO'I: Mexico and southln'Stcm USA.
GEM \ 1,\ CJ.: ,u·: Ju u . (OICOTl' tEI)ONS) The shrubs and herbaceous plants within Ihis f<lmily
usunlly contain fragrant oils. The leaves are simple.
The shrubs or herbs in this family usually have aromatic
Several plants are of interest in horticulture, but few of
oils in gl;mdulllr hnirs, jointed stems and spirally ;lITanged
Ihem are succulents.
leaves.
DlsnuIllJT1ON: w idesp~d.
DlsnuBUl1ON: tcmpcrate and lropical regions.
19
Genera Illustrated QlstrriuC.-J . Duval
Stemless pla nts wi th succulent leaves th"t are arranged in
OcillllllllL.
roset tes in malure sped mens; younger plant s have dis-
There are abou t 35 species of a romatic shrubs and heTba-
tichous leaves, an arrangement that may persist in mature
reous plan~ w ithin the genus. Many spt.-'cics are important
specimens.
for cooking - O. basilicum COOsi]) is one of the best known
DlSTRlBtJTKX\: south('rnA frica .
cu lintlry hcrbs - or for medici"",l purposes. Very f('w
species are su itable for collections of succulent plants, Iluworlhia C .-J. QuVtl!
howt'Vcr. Planls In dwarf rosettes Ihat ]}lay be solitilry or clu~leri l1g.
DIST~IHunoN: trnpica l regions. The s ucculen t Ic'lv esan~vt'rydil' .. rs .. s hapt'S
DISTIUBtmON: southern Africa and Mada gascar.
Plt'Ctrullllms L· J-! er.
A s('nus of shrubs or herbs of which only a few species l'iJtllllil~ inUitewaal
havesucculenlleavt"Sorslems. A monotypic genus.
DtsTR!8UT!ON: Afri ca, Asia and Austral ia. Dtsr~I6U1IO'I: South Africa.
Xii/ilL.
A gen us of bulbous plants wilh linear leaves.
J)rSTlUBUTtON:A{rica a nd Europe.
DISTIIJ~: widtosprcad.
The family of Mt':ot'mbryanthemaceac consists of about 100
gt'llera with apprOXim.l tely 2,000 species, all of which h.1\'e
succulent ]('avcs. The species range from sn1.o,1I s hrubs 10
creeping and th .. extremely specialized stcmll'SS plants.
ULlA (: EAE Ju ~~. (MUl\O(:OT\ U ;I)O M;)
The f]OWl'l'S arc usually s howy and have many peta ls. Th('
A family of la rgely herbaceous plants but containing a few fruit is a hygrosropic capsule, which opens when wet, so
trec-likespcdcs. Scveral genern hnvesucculent lenves and releasi ng Ihe seeds, and closes when d ry. nlis adaptation
nre adapted to live in dry condit ions. is a response tu il rid environments; the fru it protccls the
seeds until W;lIt'T is ava ilable for germination. The filmily
Ge ne ra Illust rated
is widespread in sou th ern Africa, lind S<'veral species are
Aluc L. nil l ur~li :wd in Mtoditerranean regions. The classification o f
A large genus of plants wi th succulent leaves a rranged in the genera isb.l scdon the cha ractcristics of the fnli t, bul il
spi rals. Th(' plants are stemless or have short, rarely is possible 10 distinguish some by their habi t. The great
woody, Siems. variablity wi th in thl;' family has led to the proiift'Tation of
DlST1lIIIUTION: southern Africa and Madagascar. gcll{'Ta and spt..-'d~, a nd any revision would considerably
rOOucethcirnumbcr.
Aslro/oW Ui lewaal
[n this dictiOl\iuy the names currently in use in pri"a te
A g('nus containin g a few species; closely related to
and public collL'Ctions as well as in trade Cillalogu($ have
Haworlhin .
been followed. More than 50 geneTtl and 296 species are
DISTRlDVTION: South Africa
illus tra ted a nd described in th ... alphabetical St.'Ction.
BllibitlcL.
Genera lllus trilled
A genus contilining planls wilh sucl'Ulent leaVl;~S and sub-
terran{';lnbulbs. Alllillop;;is Sch "'anl~
DtsT'~ull.rno:o.l;sou thernAfriCil. ArKyrodenml N.E. Br.
AsptlZOll/tl N.E. Sr.
[riospmnum End!.
AslritfiuDinter&Schwantes
Solitilry or stoloniferous plilnts with globose, tuberous
ikrxcrllJlt/IIl5SCh .......mtcs
rools li nd with rl;'duO;'<i, ;,calt>-like !caws ilnd one o r mo re
Bii/jaN.E.nr.
well-<levclopl-'dleaf.
GlmlllnlhusSchwantes
D ISTlUIIl,m ON: sout hern Africil.
20
SUCCULENT rAMI Ll ES AND GENUA
Ct'l1lmlophylllllllN,E. Sr. \1U1I \ CI: \1 : Lin k (1I1I:On U :UO\ S)
C.·roclmllysN.E.IJr.
ON'iridojl<is~.E.Br. The MOT.lce,lc f,)mll}, rncludes about 50 geller., ilnd over
COI/Oiollylium 5c"hw"ntes 1,200 species which ar~' vcr)' dh'erse in habit, ranging from
COIlUloI'ylllwl\.E,Br. l'lTgc \1\....." to !omall hcrb.I Ct.'Ous pl<lnls, usu<llly with milky
CylillrlrujlllyllllwSchw.1ntt'S latex. Flowers <lTeSIlI<llI ~nd. in most gencr~, arc wind pol-
Daclyl()P"'i~ N.E. IIr. linated. (FirJls nowrr's aI"(- polli n<ltl-..:l by inSl..'Cts.l The
Orolos'~""IIN.E.Br. nowers <lTC };rouped in innoTl,,<\,~, with thickened aXI$
DmlrrrmllmsSchwJntes forming;)n inv.'gin;)lcd TCCcpl,)cle. The most extreme form
Dmm/lilil1/5 Dinter & SchwJ nt('S is found in Fiw$: thl' f/uwcrs arl' 1"1C1U<llly insidc the fig.
Drm:DII/JII.'IImmSch",.lnles ;)nd the pulp we cat is romposl...1 of hundreds of fruits and
E~'llm:ia Schwant~'S
[uargall/iI,·N.E.Br,
""",
DISJ"RllIlJTIO"\I: tropic.11 nnd tem""rate Tl'gions.
FllllrariaSchw"ntes Ge ner') IIlus tr,)le d
FtlJi"!ilmria N.E. Br.
GiN"h,,,,, llaw. OvrsttniaL.
GI.>lIiphyll,m, Haw. A );enus of l()w-);rt>wing plan\'> with slender stems ;)nd
HI7.-rrn lJint~r &Schwanks luber-like rhi;~01l1es. Inllol"('SCCI1Ces nrcsolitilTY and may be
/onllllliillil H. H.1rtmallll, regarded aSil fig inflOI"('l>«nce that is not enclosed (Fig. 6).
w/lJl'nm/lwsN.E.llr. DtSTRIBI,.:nO'l: tropiC"ilJ Afrka and Anll'rka.
wJ!"larIllSchwant~'l>
LrJI>I1IdliaL.BoI.
ulllopsN.E.Br.
Machnmwilyllllml.lk>1.
Mnll·l'horaN.E.Br
M,-sloklfIlIllN.E.Br.
Milrr>I'hyllllmSchw,'nt~'S
MOlJllar;nSchwan l~'S
NlIllIIJllllmlllms l. BoJ.
Nllllld!inDinter&Schwant~'S
NdiaSchwilnles
Nrolimlldn L. Bol.
o.luIIIOI'hofllsN.E.Br.
OpIJlnlllw/lJ,ylluw D;ntcr& Schwilnles
PlfiOSI'JlosDinter&Sch",,,ntt'l>
I'vlylllllllL.lk>J.
RIIbi,-a 'I.E. Br.
IVwmoo/1l'ylllllll Schw"nll'S
RIIsrhlllSchwanlt.~
RJI;;cllimlllm<LBoI.
ScrIl'IIIIIIIN.E.Br.
Schu'IIIIINIllDinter
SmirrosllglllnN.E. Br.
SlomalilllllSchw"ntcs Fig. 6 TIll" III('mba'; of liJ,' Momml(' fllmi!./f IIIII~' $IImli f/OU'l'rs
Tflllqllllllll Hartmanu & Lit-de III 1110<1 g,'lwra fiJ,,,,, arc !I'mli I~JI/mlllrd, alliJ,mgh IhOSt, of lit/'
1·"lIlIopsisSChwantl.... Ficus IIrt 111$«1/>011111111(11 1111' f/ml\-rs tift SroJlIIt~11II mftorN-
Trich()r/illr/rmIlSchw.lnt('S crt/c"". u,jliJ liurk/,lIrd Q.ft'> [vrmill,l( QII illl'tlXillll/,'t1 n'Cfjltoclr.
VOl/iI,·ml,'IIL. Bolo Tile mo;;l erIn'''',' fimu i~ I<mlllllll Ficus: lill' f/mwrs arc acllllll-
Iy ill<;dr till" f(r. IIl1d III(' 1'111" JI~' 1"111 is formed by Iwudrrd~ of
frJllb IIlId ~I~. III Don.tenin /1/1' illf/UrtSCtllCl' Ifllly ~ rrgardl11
tI$ n'St'mblm.r. /itl' IIIf/O"~'-IIC" of II fig Ilml j< 1101 r'IIc/osed. Tile
illll<lmlirJII i, btl<"d 011 III,' flml~'r< af Dorstcnia.
21
FicusL. Sesnmot/lIl/1rnrlsWelw.
The trees or climbing vines within this go!nus con tain latex A few species of spiny shrubs or small trees, with short
The leaves are simple, and the flowers are very small, with leafy shoots in Ihe axils of the Ihorns.
up 10 several thousands enclosed in a single receptacle DISTRrlllffiON;· Angola, Bolswana. Ethiopia, Namibia and
DISTlI.ll:IUTlO:'>!: tropical and temperate regions. Somalia.
UI/CI/filli/Stapf
A genus of nine species found in the dry to arid regions of
sou th M~d agascar. The flowers arc yellow or maroon to
OXAl.l Ilt\CEAE IL Br. (1l ICOn ' LEUONS)
pink.
The small trees or herbs within Ihis f.1Il1 ily have tubers and DISffiJUlffioN: Madagascar.
trifolia te leaves. The fruit is a capsuJe.
DlSTRI6l1T10N; tropical and tempcrilte regions.
Genus Illus trated WI·; I, WlT SI:lll ,\( :E,\E M;.rk)!.r. (' ;l'i\1 ,"\'()Sl'ElI ,\ IS)
MyrmcrodiilJack A monotypic family belonging to the Gymnosperms
A genus of woody s hrubs with large tubers, which are group, together with cycads and conifers. The pollen is
usually inhabited by ants in the wild. The tuber conta ins a dispersed by the wind.
series of cavities, filled with dead plant materiaL TIle ants D1STl!IIIl!T10": Angoli\ and Namibia
remove the dead milteriill ilnd use th .. cavities ilS n ..~ts.
Wdwitschia Hook.f.
There are several advantages to the plants for thi s symbi-
A monotypic genus.
osis, the main one being defence: the ants keep potentiill
predators away from the plilnts. Another advantage is the
re-use of the carbon dioxid", produced by the respiration
of the ants.
DtSTRIBlfflO~: Indonesia and New Guinea
23
ILLUSTRATED A-Z
OF SPECIES
Abrome;t;dl~ IQrentzi~n~ (Mez) A" C<ls./
~,,~~,~~~~tl:,t~ Engl
...""...... ~t <.uJ~,. "1""""11 upw.nl. In.'' ..................... 1 m ,.11. ,."h Imdrils
~~:"~,"":,~'= ,':.:;:~~;:,,,...-~"'~;~~;~~;'" M-.dd~ilJl~IN ..... """'II"'... .... y...~ ...... flu"....,.,..
ArJ!"""'"
:::;:'~;:~~I'7:~;,.~. ~,.;I),o'
. )"; A"".-....."" H.ormo; A _I,..w.. ' Wt.
26
:"~~,~:~~!~~:~ Sdtinz
L",):;~,i,~"L>,&""U<"I""'"
~~~;~S~~~~;~~~S~~~
~~:'2.='~'~;;I~)~.~~~II~
Bo""·.,""SuulhMri,.
(Tr.... '·.l.ll)
Adcniakl'ramanthus
Ha rms
Ih ... k(d"d~,IS-IO<mm
~~'";,O:;':;;:":,:~,,!: ;:.~~; '"
roundPdk·.w ...;yello"'i<h
no"",,,,"
An,",""ti,"bul""f",u";do""fo,~Adt-o, .. f""nd",,,,~·er.oJ,,,,II,,..~io,,,,
~~':,~;;:,;. 10-15= in di.,moh". "'ith ..""".1 ~.fy ",oms; S"'''*''')''UOW
27
Adromischus alveoldlus Hutchison
~~j~b~~~~;o~\:,~~~;E,~~_S:;~,S~C~~Q"~~~J~~
Su"lhM'k.I(C~I"'P,,,\'\n,cJ
:l:~~~ i:~~~,scooperi (B.lkcr) A. Berger Ad romischushcmi (W.F.BMkC'rjrOC'lln,
K""""ocklh ... k;"""",,,·,h.ln7red·b,,,wn l•• ,, ... ,,-h ... h.,,· ,,,,,,,,J,.r'hw..
=;~rnn;::;:~7.~::;:'\:·;.;.7n!:';:h 'runW. I,'.,,,... ,m,bl.· In
nod fL.,,, 01">. C,.",iJen:d I" b" • ~,,,n ,,{ JI. JI.""',,,,,,, .r. ollli
~~~~~,:;,".,.;
,y""w""I'JI'c",,,,,',,' 1'"",lIn.;'" .""'''''''' l.'" ~m_:'" ".r"" ....."." U;r~w •• 1
Soorh Alrko (Col"'l'rmir..-,,) s"~lhAf..... (C·f",rr"\i",,,"1
29
Adromischusroaneanu sUilcw,1al
30
Aeonium glJndulosum W('bb & Berth.
31
:a~~~~:..~~:dlryi WclJb & Berth.
H..... "ph."T".1 bu,h I" :10,,,, l"~h. "'lh,..:'~r.1 \hi" b'."d"~,,,,,,tj,,~ (" ,,,,,II
""'-it.". k." .. h.,;,.,. .....t Ii~ht!\""~. ,,,110,,"110,,"",,
C.",,,,,·I.I~nd,
I
J2
L"w.""".wi,h L>.,!:~ ","",'~ ,,,50<m in diA_; Ie.".... s,...n; brAnching
",/Io""""'''''''t"60<n\ h ;Sh;)'<II,,wflu''·~rS.Th.'''''''tt.d,'''afl"rn O\wri ng .
.....,'"mMIa/'I..""m 1Io1l~; A. m<1<mI'l""" Webb
c.."'ryb"nd>IT~'''-·ri/~l
~=~',;'g~~~~~I;.b,,'1,i:"~h~~~/hl":h~~k~:~~'b:'~7n"~~~;;.~,:J~ in
CalU ,y ld.lnd.(f....,,;f.)
33
~~:::c~:I~llIdna Gentry
Sk<>n..,.lNnmM """'t<-o; g""... I""' .... 50--;0,", lonp.. with brown m.lf~lI," .nd
tk.:!'!"'Th,t:;:~~~!f;::.~~~~°;.t~;~rt~~,:;:;,:~I\~~~t,l~: r~~o:~,kr
~';::=~iI,,,og"''''A ms"""
34
~J:,V:CfEi!~era Salm-Dyck
<;I,'ml,,,,, ",,;pll,,, '"f0..5~m in di."n.~<.,.wi'h 1"<'1':11 ~h"o.s; num~I'O\" <hiny
K,,,,,nk."">lu25cm k",~ .. \d3cm w,J~ ",lh><h""I""".,,d fihf.ruu>
m.:Iq;iru.; inll"'""",,,", 103 m ",U;II"-"'I\ish-)",llow Ilo"w",
:;t:::"""" Sohn·[)y<"k
35
~t:,~:c~.~:.e5b",ghlii c. Koch
S!emk""""rb..1(i~"""'Ul,>"',(hdJr~gn."I\,"'rung1yatn>NIo."",!040cm
~:::"nfl~oct'lOJm"II;I:""-'IU<h-bro"'n("purrh!ollno"•...,.
38
Agav~ strkta S.,lm-Dy(k Agavctriangularis /acobi
~~'~.';.":'~~,,~:.:?~~~,~'~;;;r~~~':~~~h.~~:~,~~~~~.~~,:::;~h
w;,.,,,,,,,i,,. 1,p' .... 2<mkm!>';nfl",,""""'""2m'.II;l'4'dt"purrli'h 11m,,,,""
~\o.».ironohu.Kln)
39
Agave utahensisvar.discretaM.E.Jones Agav~ victoria~·regin~e x asp~rrima
Similo'Tolyl""perlesbu'";lh,ligh,diff,-"",,,,",inrol"UTandf05ol'!"'h.ol""'
~:~~~T:':~h~V=~IC~~ .• y"""ym at A. "'ohtn ..... il ;"Slilt /uurul i~
USA (Arizon.ll
:~~?::;~ ~:thencourtianurn Webb Alluaudia dumosa Drnke
~.:;; ~~~:,,,,~:r:' ;:'il\~\~A:;~t;:':,~he<ffid;'\1I in.m,1I """""," Je..v.. A.ruubin\""juv...rule.t.l~eb ul ll'o"·ingloIOm 'I ""' lu ri l y."; lh .."·~",,, 1
=ngbrnnche<.aoof..... \hom<;leA'..,.v"'Y"""II.ndcoducou<;whi~h
C''''>yl.l.ond.
Modag"""c CrThSApp. 11
41
Al()!'b~keri ScotI- E.11iol
\.~., CrrESApp.D
42
Aloe brevifolia Mill Aloe cili.uis Haw .
51...,...,., m><1" .. S",n in dio""'l<>r "'jlh """"",1 olf,twx:.t. from "...., forming
"~'I"ml";I<'.",",6cmlo"g.'nd2<:mwjd~.tb.'se"·jthl;ttlc",n j,.t,,,,",n;
j"~n",.w'mt.n;l"le!i<".'k1il<"\·.,,. ..
III... ,.....~·'" 11.'\01
Svulh M",. (C>I"'I''''''i",d CITFSi\pp.1I
43
~J ~(~:~;ngsi i Reynolds
SI............. _·""""'mru,,_;',..20"",,"~r"'N ... rtl',hurtt«lh;
'...n..r-""""Io'iO'm .....~yd..,.,fkm·"'" =-,~cm"'::,'~"I:~,:r:~~~~~;'~';'.;~~~:";
\hd.>&O,...... CITE5i\I"P, II ~"'!::'.,..,.,j .. ;'h".h~,.,""";;n~'~<m ... 'I ...... ,~• ..,.._
crn~"'rr·1I
Aloeeru A.Bcrger
~~~::tI~~';;;'m~.:c.::.~~~:tI~~~:'A';,=:~"'~lt:~:~~ n::~';.
lII""oI'Y»i~;"'Il.ILo:r
I)!oop" CITES App. II
45
Aloehumi1i sv ar. ech i nat~ ( Willd-> Baker
46
"1(11' mdoughlinii (hn)tl.m ~~.~( ~:~]Oltii Reynolds
*mk~'''r .1",,, _"',n"",1 """"'~;):'''''' I.".,...., .""",4(lom Ion/\ ,.·lth St''fI~20 25<mk>nl\.b..nchN1 from b.o..., k.,·",8-10cm km~.nd 7mm
:"'n:':"';.;!"!.,.,;'.."'n..'\.' ......... '>dm....:"'..II."1h.lnllo""""n<t'lmh,Sh. ~~7~:~",whi'" m...~i"l;'.nd ,,·h,le. c.ntl.lgi"""" ""''11, ...1"-'<'Ih; r,n~'"
~'f'" CITESApp.1l M.....I;""'.., CIT£SApp.1l
47
~~~c~::vu1a A. Elcrgt'r AlocrauhiiRcynolds
48
Alocs.apo nanall,1"'. ~,I~~er~~ drrosa Ihlker
"UA(~"
<.mnJ.." n ...1"~.I,~I" ~M'" k"""~ 1~ 20"" long wah horn,. J.lT~ IPrown. Thin<icnl'.2Ilcm ~m~"'llh k>."·'... 'nl, ...."!"OiS('II'":I\I..'.'nl"'".'<~rm "'''SAnd
~lt.~.h",",,~.'Ik> ...·"'" 2cm ""I,·"·,,h'f"",.nd t."",I"",,1 <h."l' m"fJ;"..11,,·lh. ,nfkm'" ...,,,,.
...... M"'''''h;.I'',~((""I''·I'r'''''''"·.'.,"'I).Z""rul,,,.· ClTESApl' II
::~ ~:!::~.;;:,:;~;"" Cm;s;.pp.lI
~~:-c~~:nOS;'S; l11a I!orl. All)(' striata subsp. kara sbergen sis Gll'n & 0 .5. Hardy
~ hl"l>r>d. ~ ~",,,,'.,, ,1. om","'''''' ..... "h ''''m' ow,. I m hlj;h; I.·ow, u,"-'-'''''''''I>i'",'u'I''''''i",-d;fi<'''''·''I''I~'.'\d loppo.-d """h~n."'n.
l'-\lnn:''''''',lhho,n,.. ""''l'"",l 1"1h. ",.\I\):.""-.! [k,,, •. ,, '.m'~Id .'>ou lhAfr",.(C.f"·I''')\·'n«.'1 CfTESApp.11
OTESApr· 1I
49
Aloe I'era L.
~!~~.:~r;!~~~:~~:~~~~ L. BoJ.
~Id;':' ~~~';::~ ~"::::"h:Ct~~';~~~~~~:I~_dn~.~\,,"':.~":~~u~-
ETect..1d""""lat<.gJ<Iucou's"-",nl"",v,",2<rnlongmvere.lWl,h",,,a ll tubo>r-
,-atronim,lSplumna<.... ht.tp,op",h""
~~""=,e;:,~~~::ts,Ydlow n<> ....,,rs2.5crni"d"''''d''r
Ah-I»rb>.I."", Mill.;A onol(1lRoyJe;A . l.o""","Tod.;A . •n./}<orisLlm South AlricatCA tv;lU.llJi.'nc,)
Gonaryt,land •• CaI"'Ve,J"J,t.nJ.;w,JclynatlJ'ah,O'd 'n'c.".,P<.... ~·n"Sliln.
CITESApp II
50
Aloinopsis orprnii (N.E.BdL.Bol
..> >£"~.V~"''' '''~U-M
=~~~~~,~~~';'~'n ",0\"" 1S-20om 10"1\ wah Jdf~J"",. yellow
"""""'~""~J"'''' L 8,,1.
Swth AI",. ("J'o' J'r,w,,,,<,!
=
~:~:f:!~ ~,t:~~::f;,·LloI.
~~~7n:I?;~.~::;~~~;~~:~;,::Vp-::r~ ~,~;~1ot;<:~f.':~,~~: l~~;'nd
)'do~·!I""""25cmrndi.1I""tcr
rd""L'''''~'I,,'''t"LBd
So<lh ... tn<. (C, p"I ·""·, ....@)
Anacampserosalstonii Schonland
51
~:~~:~~~~! crioit~ Oi nt~r ~:~~~~AS::~! papyr~cea E. Mey.
:;'~:~~i~:r!~': f5c;;';m~'~~"~f'jt~K~;i~~k~,f.~h\:::'~::'~ ~~t;I:~~~!h ;;~,r~"t:'~~o:~:,"~.~, Ion~.11<1 1 <m Ihkl-: I,,,m.
"'o",ibi./Suuth Af,ica (Nom"4uol.ondl CITESApp_11 "'.mibia/~th Alrico IN ......qu.l.nd). South Arne.. (K.]f"") ClTESApp.1l
52
=". .
s..·~
~~; r;'S lelephiaslrum OC.
...I .......,..105cmh,!\h.,i>in~f"'mlhid.<:n..,J1\>ct;8n....,nu,bru""ni,h
... V... 1 <m longdnd !\mm wid ... ""...,....J Wllh briSlly hoi ... , pink flower.;.
Argyrodenn~s(huldljiSchwan tes
"':S"''' ~~l"''i'; THl!d"n''E
;;:::~~ pl.n",: l<"3vl... 1_2 <m Iong.nd 'Inn wId., n",nd.-d • • "I"''' pink
Soulh Alrico (Cop"Provioce) CITESApp. U 5"ulh Afnr. (C'P" ['''''"'n<t")
53
54
~~~lj~!:~:~~;t~~~~ t ~.
Bowil'~ volubi li5 I I.uv.
55
~~~~!~~~~~n~m.eum (Schlfr.) ~.E. Sr
~d:..,,:,r . '::"
. ..~~I:t:>=:~1:..'!-'ri=-.~.. _5 lOem""',,-
South Afnca f l ... "'.· ... 11
56
57
Car~Jlum~ IN'lraea
1..aI'TJnos
.....:;ll P'AU .. U ...
Fn.,,~ybran<~.·'''I!kd,
~~~~k~ft't:~~
CI:<"Ih; ..... ILc.d""""·Srftfl
IN ...... no....... d.<l:brownor
y.-I1noo.."'",,·,thbrown dob.
s"udl".obio.Ymwn
~':::~::'"rI.ol. Chic,.
EIIuop ... K.:to,~,s.....wli.o,
T.", .. nl..>.Ul\Ond.
Cu~l1um~ socotr~n~
(8.llf.f.)N.E.Br.
F"",,,ylmlnch'ng.~·.ngIed.
=~~"::~~I:;:=
...."h,d.,kr.-dno..'"-
C."'II~_,.".,."It""N, E. Ik"
C.n' .... ("hKlV
~Ihk>ri •. Kony.,Somalia..
So ut~ v,,""'" (So<<>I")
Cmllum~lunlii i\'.E.Br.
~,u'r'AI'~~l~l
c..... ~,~. ~ .•,.p.-d .kn\> IO-:!Ocm h,~h ",lI! f<'<l do,...nd conlr,l-n;
1Ioo<...,~.)"ftIow>!_ .. nd",""".....bonT•• ~byM.G.
=y::V""''''''~~"'''
59
Carru.nthus ~Bii L B()1.
~:~~A~~:!~ ~gmiftr. C Fisch
""'''IIIYA'llll''''UA(
""""....,"'~ SI>c>n.br;uw;"'-"oI •.".,."... ""~<,,,Iurqi;."""'"""""""'·ud
,_h Oll ..... IlI'M,'....""'·o..w.n,
••F"""""""
s....lhAfriuK.".. Pr"'"ntt)
Ccmchlamys pachyphyllal. BoI
~:~,~;,I:~hj,~I,~~:~~~~~le L. Bol Mo,;sl"."'.\Nntl"AllA'
I..<>w-;:.ro"",~ rl,,,, "'Ihcl<m);ollod b"'ncb,-,>; l"'vn7_IO<m 1""Il.nd ~ mm St..-mIt'S>,<1ump-lllmllng I~.., ... bCm lung in 2I'<'i,.... purpl,-.w nO'WD.
.ro.. .... """'·"'I~"";pu'1'l ... plnk fIo"·~,, So.,tbAtn co{Opo"l'm,'inno)
5ou'h,\i'~.IC,po.·I'''''i''''')
61
~::r~ir~~~:Ir:~ndii R~nh
F.JW1 or rm''',lle S""'" "','m' m_l~cm lonj;.nd 2 em Ih,ck, ",lh blMx_,poI>;
...><Iu«",..... ,...,.5 7"""Iu"~~""'-~""nnu,,,,",,
\1"d.S"" .r CITESApp.1I
"
~!;~~~~;~~~liC. Kotschy
;:~:::,~~:':::~~\\~':1"~~r!:t~1~,r:'':''bn''!.~ :~lucktoroN roios;
K...y•• Sud.n l'TTE5App,U
63
~:,o,~~~~:(~~~ersollii JAocr>e. ex Hook.{.
Sucn,I.·",. ''''ini''g <I~m" I"".... I 5<m Ioo~ .,nO 3cm w;J~;I\"-.... n 110".......
\\u""''''b''luc.50u.kAlricd('1.....LTr.\l\,. ...,l) CITESApp II
Chriridopsis brown ii Tischef ~~i:~~~~H~i~~~t!~cra (A.Bcrgcr) N.E. Br,
~~["~~YAN1l<r'IAl!'~f
~~:~t~2~r~~~~:~:'; ~~:::~\~~':">~cr::~:~~cm
SouthAfn<~(C.I""'mv;~)
Cheiridopsismeyeriv ... r.minor N.E.ll r
MF.srM~~~ ~ "TH"""'cr~.
5imi1.>r lOlhelyl"'.pcci<sbul.m.ll....
SvulhMnc. (C~p"rru,joccl
66
Ch~iridopsisplllw rule nt ~ L. BoL
wU[WUIA'fIID,v.CEAr
Si>orI .... ncM "'i'" 2 f'"~oil"ll~~,,'''n luv.. ro""..,.j with mmut~l"'p'I"'e;
~Jo~''''''''''''''
s.,.",hllfoic.ICap<'I'"",inc,>1
W''''''.'A"m.''''UH
500rt <I"'"""'llh ~ '·~krl)". uf1l'<ju.1 ",e<l kit,-.", ';-' <nI kmg; }'d]o,," fiuwer>.
Sou,h Mri<"" (C'p"l'rm',nro)
67
Chorisiainsignis Kunth
TI"L~"" 15m ",1I;bottl<~
f~'X!,~~~~..!':',~~;O~m
~~'I~~~'~:!u';:~·:;~;~~'fS·
''''''r<.,udOci(orm~PI"w>n<~
"rs~n'i""
Cissuscacliformis Gilg
Clionbint;~.lJr:;'dnglru st"""
4 5cmindiam"'.........-'m.
::::::::.."'I~~:t~~~~rz~,'i
liou,rooI$devdop.lrnv,,"
<.ldun-.u>;i n~ ."",,20cm
kmg; Y'-~Io"·i'h·~"""'11I1u"'~ ..
<;ou •.....".r>d l mpwA1Afnra
CissusolearacuL.BoI
Subt,.... ,_n ,hi,,,,,,,,,, 'n
~,~a:~:~~~".:':=;;
>1"n .. to60cmlon~l<d'·"
20cm Iong ....d 15..", wide;
inflo~br.l>Cht.'d:S""-·n
ish n""'<.'f'S"'ilhpi"k'ips.
Southo:rnAfn.,:a
68
~~~~~~r!~UT~:['::;!:US (I\.E. Ijr.) Schwantes
St,"",,2Q.;!O<mhi~h;2(yp<.""<oflc.w ... llyp<J.7<"111Ionf\andaJmoo(<om.
t:,~:~~~~~:~h":t;':lt;;,~;~: A:"t;i::;;:J-:i~:~in~;:'kll..;,·~:
)... llowf low.~
MII">rIr\tII"'"I'",..imu.NEBI
.... UlhAfri,~(c.!"'r1"(wln ....)
69
~:i~'~~:!!~~H~~!~:: L BoI ~~;~~:~!~~"!:t:;:~:n;-.l.E. Sr.
C......,.oboowni ... -5"""'bod .... 10-15mmlr>n"'w;!~ n u _ ...... lldol .. ObcorucaLbod ... 2<m!uAhondlcmu.,J ..........,.f<><....... "',....,lft.>b,butioI
whmoh-pinlcfloo,.oM. lighIgtftn...,!~ff'dd, ... ."...... I"'''.nd_<p<>01N'''I'.,...(IowI.,.....,( .. _
70
~:~~~~~~~,~:~~:~m L. Flo1.
Up.,Ssubron",.lbo.>.J' .. m rlu mp' .."ft... lvetybud;.... 2-.3 cmindiAmet.".
. lIIll.scmhigh;wh;",n~,,·~, ..
<outhAlnc.IC. f""I'rom....)
::~~~!!~~,~~S!::A~.E. B
r COlloph ylum exlradum Tisch .
.. f.5~ .. ""yA"Tllf'tACfAf
:=01 bod,e<1o 1 rm in diom..,,,,., green,,;,h d;o,k ~"'''n do ~ while 11",,,.. h.tpcd ,d;t' k.gbucoo ,g,,,,,, n bud i cs2 _)< mlong. n dl _ 1.5=wid~.
71
~~S~~~~~!~;:'H~~~:~~ns Schwantes ~:<~~~~~!~~I~a~~::~N.E. Br.) N.E. Br.
Sm.ll1sh",bt<>20<mhi,o;h;'I<'1tI<""ith."""'di~b,anches.~,,,,-'I1bod"'" V.n.bl.bodi"'(whirish1l"""".gl.L><"OU<g'''''n.y.n''''·1l''''''''''ptnk)1.5cm
15-25cm m di.""",,", with liShteTdm.;ordnS.fio ...... ions.nd2cm w,Jewilhgn:yJ'J";nws,",,'" now",",
'bmibio/!:ioIJ.h Ame.(Wltl. N.m.qu. l.nd) Sou .hA frk.(C'I"'I'ro,· \~)
72
~~~:~~t!~~:,~~~c:::pense L.1301 ~~~~,~~;!~~,~~:~~~~des L. Bol.
\\1ut"",,.~""·n '0 pale g"",n bodi,.,.'o 1.5 em I""fi\~nd 7 mm in di.l""...,,, RuSly brown 10 y.. llow·S' .. n bOO.,. 10 15 mm long .nd 8 mm ,,·i d ~ ,,"ilk fine
,.llmdk,,,",,, IY,,,,.nd w ind,,,,.. ; O,,,,·,,,,,purple
\ .I.. ko(Bu>hm. n1,ndl N •• mibi.> (H" .h..... nlandl
I
73
~~<~~~~!!~~t~~~I:~~-E. Hr.
c.·.""p"o..... p ... nt;2.lob<-d.k""I,-d.s'''''",u w h''i.h"'!\"..... booJi<;l..3cmhrp
art<l2<m In d •• ",""" <11'-""'(/ withd",s;"·hit"o)'<'II,,"'II,,,,~......
Sou,hMrka(C.l"'l'ro,-;t>C<"
74
Co n(lph}·tum mi llutum (l1~W.l N.E. Br
~('I\t •• '''''n'''' t." ~~s~~~!!~~:,~~:~~~:llUI1\ (Haw,)N,E.lk
8!ui>n ~f\'ffi!u.l"" '" 12 mm ~i~~ ,,,oJ 1<m\\1<I,""""~,,.,J w,lh >put>; pol,'
I""llo",jj"n.m.>~'''Il,r>''·lvpu'''''·h,'~.'low ... ~~~~c~~:\~'::~~~~~'<~~':~;::"bl~Crl~~:r;:~'!~:I~~::t:""'"
S<oulnAtr",ll"f','I'n"U1,d
South AfriCd (CaI"'I'ro,·,,,,,,l
75
~~S~~~:~!~~(~~7:E:~rum I. wis ~~~~:~!~~,~~,r:'~~~.E. St
I'.leg""," bod"" d",.]o.'d inl,,2 .horl_~nd "".."....j wi,h d~rk .. dOl .. Shit.r';"",:~~I>g~. p.ok!~"-"'n'oblu!'h-&""",bool; .. 1-2cmi"d;"_
rinktowhit,·llow,.,..
SoulhMri<'l(Capo'Pruv,,,,,,,) "",u,h Afri<~(CAl"'"Y(... i""'J
76
Conophytumruschii Sch""antes
"n~'MUU'''TIl''''~('''f
A ..... lltorm ... C""'h..... '.. r>.£ 8,
".mit...:5ouIlIAIno:~ll.Jnl<-'.rn.>qu>i£".n
77
~~'~~~:~'!~~H~:s!:r:~~gi~num lisehe!'
Ughlg"..,.. b.>docsl .. 2.!ICII\h'dI~0>d15""", .. d"'m<tn"·;'h~
~~t!~Z=","'~,n~ {~~tt..>ll.>m",.."'~. ...
5c>u l hAfric-~(C~ I ., .... Di$tn<l)
~~~~~~~'!~~H~~~~o:::e (Haw.) N£ Ik
Cn:y·[U ...... l..",Jd'''''bud....
l< ... hll.h.O>dwid .. ''''hdotl~ ....... Of~
doI..nd .....1""< ,,·h;tW,·)..tktw fl<>wfor<.
Soulh Afrio:.o (Cop<'"/'moI"""",
Conllocupussp. ~~e:O:::;bicul~l~ L
f ........... _ ~I I) I S"''' L ndi.uro<tc< .. ilh <lLmbLns>l<_'''''ryot. .... SbrublOl.5mhigll;lhi<k ...........llh ....... br.nd... boNori "ll!N....... 'ipt.
aod ....-...; ........... 2-'i<m Ior,g; ..... U.U""'" Ro..."ft$ 1e" ..... 4 Uan~I"6cmwidclU>d"".·......,.t"'lhprul_w.>.;lnfk>ro,o.
T~.IAfric-. <'ftIt"I''''1II<m .. ll w ithy.lI<>wf<.h· ..... fIowt.rs.
CdyIrdoot ..'. I"'w.; C""""'~H.ow. C . - - H....
~oIo.N.mibill,SnuthAfn<a(C.rel""',""'1
79
Crusub rupes trisThunb,
SmolLm .... hbranrhl',J.htubotuo;onnh,l'h;fbl....... , .... tui.5 ..... bag.of"'" Srcm.l 4cm~I"'nca'.k>o,..... 1<mIonIl-Ionn,"Il,."....,t.... whO\t""" ...
""lhrWJn.h""''P..... ptn ...... ~ Soulh A/n<iII (Ctl""'""",.:t"
SoulbAinnIC.p"''n,,·,nao)
86
(fjssul~lomcnlosaThu nb Cy"~nchum ~ phyllum (Thunb.) Schilr.
~cm h'~h. J""",ly I"",)" !,;"'y-g"-" n
1'1101 1,-","-' I ~<m ~"'g.amo"!,;ed '" F""'ly brooching "~m.' '''''''"gat nod,,,; "",1I1~~, .. ~ mm Iongaoo I mrn
""'~",wh'''''''I'',k>}" 'II,, ..., fIo'H'TS "'Jokg":,.nflo,,·~,,,,;thbrv"'n>tr;pco
87
Cynan(hum
mimierii numRauh
Cynolnchumsp.
Anunid,..,tll ..-d "J'<"'mt"n ",'h round"" ,~u.k... 10- I~<m In d",,,,,,,,,... t>J
iu<'I!-'hlnt-<~",""".~m"·n.~..... ",,,,.....
88
C)'phostemm~ C l,lrrori
(HookJJDcsc.
~ITAn,.,
F"""'vbw.dli~_""""
=t.'.
4mh'gI> ...~.h""'''''''·,J-I'''''
b.o&;lnp.>n::~.;·:,:,:",'
n'rhol~c.Phtd
Angob,'l.mlt-l ••
C)'p"ostemm~l,Il fT
(bell & Mcnd.)Dcsc.
89
~:I~,~:::~~:~~:[nt~cfum L Bol
~1<.~:k.!,::~'&h<"-"""~~""'_7cm~~ndlG.-1S_1lucl.
N.om'b!a/SouthAfryaUittlr"'~mMJu.o"'ndJ
90
Dinteranthus inexpectatus Dintl'r Dinteranthuswilmotianus L.Bol.
.tl5r"S.,,,"ITtll,!,,tfAI ...;S~M".VANTHU.'ACEAH
S/('m~, ~"'\'.~"""' "",n.l"h .... ,.'" 10 1,.." long _",ol J
91
~=~:::l:~,:h~ntipes (L'Her.) Engl. DolichosseineriHarms
Aflo"·l"rmg<tl"m. GiJn""btcrr.m'·JncJ"dc..,.ith34acn.il."'ms'o,n'in)(l>u,h,roonJ.-.l
f.,,',
1• .,·"';VKlleffln"·."'oornt'tn>ml....
92
Dol'5ten i~f()(' tida ("u~ k ')5ch\Veinf Dorsteniasp.
Senn.." 1;,,,. I> ; ~", J""~"'I""~ """,U 1>."",1 ~~ud,·, 2 3cm in d ... "",,,,,;
::::-";:l<m I"",~ "-,,h ~,"".lh· m",);,n,; ~' .. ni"h.y.. lk>w. <1.« ....... )"""1 in·
93
~::Ec::~~h}!~~ ~:~~~~:~~ (L Bo1.) Walgatc Dudleyabrilionii D.A./ohans.
S,.,,,,,h,,,,4-6omlongkanng4-8smuocll,grey-s,,,,,,,I.,.vel<l-5<ml,,,,S; UnbJ".""hrd.<l"""""i'h'~'",of41.1-1201~.,,"... ;wh'Mh'J:'f"\... I.,,,-
pink 110"''''''' M..,,",o2fJern Iongand 8cm ... kle; ""1~y,,I1"'" fl"""",,,"
I"UaJinl~",pn.. '''.''L.BoI \.1e"<iro (Ba,..C.hfomia)
N.mibl.,Sou,hAfrlca(Capel'To";,,c.,1
94
~~~k:~,:;::!foli a !l.1ker
Sio.1n<o/-cw5-.nsk'Ol •• -6<m Io n~,rod 1-1.5= ,n d;am"' .. "·,,h I~to.m.ol,'~ 51""" ... "'""~'''''; I".v.. ,{)-20"", InnS "'''h ""'r~'M'.l"n""2 mon InnS;
In'''''
""''''''''·bro.... n 10 bnlwn flo",.·", wlth l·ell""~~rown ,,'horl
~;.~~j~ n""'~,,,.
~l hAlnt.
95
~~:::~~~~,,~~,if~A~>~~J Schwallt~ Echev('ri~camicolorE.Morrell
"hrub ',,60em h'~h "'Ih br.nd,,-.l 'oom" );'w-~"...-n k ...."" 1-2 em long
,,·,'hd.r.. erd"'-,;r'n.IIo, ..·.......
r...,rnibi". <;"ulh Ain.:. (C.p<'P",,;"""1
%
~~:ff::.~;binor~ v~r.c~run,ul~td 11011 ~!~~:~~~::~cotri(h JA ['tlTPUS
~bI<Ilo I' on h;,.h; "*"",,,.nJ "'.'~.. nn...-ml WI.h ..-II1k'II.....; 1,00'-"1<'1
!e;~~~::.:2~:ni::':~;;: ~:~~ ;.~';...~u~~.=~ 10nnlonj;ond2Snn ... i.k-.redflo,.·"",
=:.."'' ' ' ' .. w''., \k-um(Pu<bIo)
97
Ethvfrilll ' PerlfvonNllmberg'
98
~:,~:.S:[brigida (Robinson &: Seaton) Rose
..."..-.....
~...........w.soI, ""~""'hi'~ IN_ ... 25 ..... m,.~nd 10 ....
:-S..,., ."""1n.
_"'IIh ..... "'..lI',,"'in~lulml.ll~"-.,jR.tw..~
99
~~~P~:K!~:~~ns R.A Dyer &. I. Ven!
I.JnJe.bnonclll'd.""'"P'''Sandmonng.S.tollknglood_w;thltun,.
C!:!";'~::~~~~~~~~"IT';-
KcnYll.. T~1IUlIl.>
100
Eriospermumdregei
EndL
Tuber5-lOcmwidowi.h
,""""";bo.. lh>av ... I'I?d",!'d,
1 ormo",wdlJc'Vdo!,,-'\l,
h.airy.ndw;lhp.,., lId,·c';n"
I.-.l""""nA""""","ce;wh;.e10
:~~!":;;,:~
Euphorb i~ abdelkuri
B.11f.
EIJPHQU'ALrIlE
C .. y.,em< t<>2 m high ""h
5-tull-angk-dbrand..e.and
pron';"""'lulx-n:ks;rud;·
m..... '''y.cadurou.Ie.''·... ,
ydlo"·,I"'",,,,,ou>ia,,,,,,
~!{~~::~~~=:
SOll 'hY'""' ..... (SoroI,..1
CiTESArr· 1I
EuphorbiJ ~crurensis
'J.E.Br
(1l1'5App.1I
101
;~r.~~:~~~i(OmiS S\'ent
M~in<l<'m '-~m "'II. --.:Lory b.-~nchesd.ick. I"""'y ....... ) ~oW<.J, rudi
monIaJy.".od ........ k.,"',~_<m""""l'f'dun"'.'"""
."...
.......m
M.><bSOUC"'- crn";'Appli
102
Eu phorbia brunellii Chiov.
~~ES=~:~~~~m1Jo~3d:i~'~;~=~:~~~
So"",lia CITES"'pp.lI
104
hpllorbi~ '~p-s.linlemariens i5Itluh
~ur.:~:~!~.'!~vigeT. N.E. Br
~i~i~:~::'~::£:~!~F.~~~?~~5~1~ii~';l~·~IUW
Tul>rn>u.ruuI/-.lLo""'in'tomt"/onnt~idr.udn;_10-15<T11,,,"g
~.:=:.,;:;:t::~~~.d~~g In P""'; ru<l, ......... t~ry k.... /""~"'"; in~
,\l,o,I.o~.".r c:tT'fS AI'P II s..·.nil~nd ClTESl\pp II
105
, .. . . . . . . . . EuphorbidcC>ero lescens Euphorbia crt' mersii
;;1 Haw Rauh&Razaf.
Tuberou.root 2-5"",;"d ...
""-~,·,;'h'n.M,,.1(1-l5,,"
luns ", ilh /",,' C.J Ul"""W,,,
"'"p<-'.."-"'c>8cm~"'"
n:n::~:'~.!:O~:'
.,..>Junc'"2·-3cmlong
\I" d"SO',...,,,
CrTES,\pp,1I
Euphorbia
cryptospinos..l
~::I~;~~~~~Af
Tuberous rooI ,,,,heft<1_
2\l-H)I,mlong",,,h 5-IJ""
.pi....",/o'minglong,(ocI""
""p,-,,,;rudi,,,,-,,,I..>ry.
<adumu.I .... ,..,.~mm~
,V"')""p"k"..J,nfk>rNu<l
lthiopi',K."y.,So .... b.o
ClJ'f5App.t1
Euphorbiacyli ndriu
AC. White. R.A.Dyrr.
B.510,1"(>
St ......... h"''Y n,'''''hftow
<}'IH\dn'.lbr'I\("'.. 5<l11~
Ji.m<"I<-f,row",..J"'ith""",,
f,~.~~~T~~t,~
~~:~~~=
niJ,>/tub(r< .....
So,,,h/lfri<,W'p"I'mnnl
CITES Al'p. II
EuphorbiaechinusllookJ&Coss.
:~~~~!~,dAeEraryi Guill.
\O>ionJ' moo'SI ...... 1012cmh;~h"' ,''''',M ck."; .. I'''""'Y·S",.,,W<ov''''3-Icm
Iorf; ... 2rm wiJe "'ilh miJul.k m...~ms bvnw.1 ~n,js.,( .I<'rru,; y~llo .... l>h·
p«1'inf\c,,,",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, p,..du""k·1u2<", k,nl\
;,,~~=t~=';:-~~~l~~~~~~"';:;~:;~:&;:"f'~':"k
1Ii<'P""" CITESApp.l V'~W CITES App.11
107
;~t.~::~!~ ::~x \tarloth
;';'::l.<!~~~~~::!~:::'~',::;:"";;::~f~-;:~oh~ iIoo
::;'~1;~:~";'b:"":~'~~""""'·""'·Mm.·""r"" ..... , ""'-':-
/pplo.><t .. , .... ,I'<', .... "'fUt
So.!ulh M ..... (C.po: I'ro, " ..... \ ,'nt',Al'rll
108
,E,"~~~~~:: ,f~~ u i IJ A.C. Wh ill'. lJyt'f & 1:1 Sloo(\('
, - . ..... ,,~ ...... u~" ' ~~ ,nlu"''m IO j , .. m <>uJ, ... lI-lbnn ,tu.~. brA"''''-''
""".mk"'l;.,uJ,,,,,,,,,.,,,,.,.oJ,,,~,,,,k·.""';<w'h .. ..t ...........'\l"'enol"'(
"""'fIo..... <J<,... I".... ,,"'-k--.
'wih·\Ir ... ,C'I"I'r.n;",," ClT'bApp.11
109
;lU!~~~~!~ f~~bos~ (1 Iaw.)Sims Euphorbi~ &r~ndidensHaw.
~Un~:::::d~:::':d=i!.~:''";''2~::t7<i~..!~~~
\laLn 'nrnk/>-IO m hrgh. br.nchrng I_I~ kI form ............,"'= hk ~"'..
b•• nc""'cndin~;n.k.-rulo",· r m r ""11>r.,,,hk.1,,ruJr""'nL1,,,.,",.I""L""
pe~'e" ""'u< h·bra""hPdf"'<1'm,'~l(Irml",,g I...."'" in/ln........."phrun""o/>Or1 r«lu,,,,lcl"''''''''.hull~.'',,,,,,~
r~,%J_gl""""'t. M .rIoth ~, 'hA l rI<~rrra"",· ... 1) {fTI"'~rr.
$ou,h MriGO (Cape Pro""",,) CITES"I'!'-II
110
~t~:~!~f:: llem elii L.fS(h &: Leandri
~."""b;imiJ.,,!oL' mihibu! w;lh,m.U ... I""ves.
J.IoU.POC" CITESApp.1J
111
~~!t,~~~~!~ Ih,~pt~8on~ L.
~~I;:'~~;"~:;~~~"~~~,~J~:b:;'~'~'~~-::~'k~~::; ~~.~':~
brdn<h~?I('"
~I~
bt.nchodp<oJu""ka-'O,m~
1.Lod.o~ ... ,
11 2
•
Euphorbi~horombt>nsis UI5Ch&lc.lndri
=~::,=::."::::..~~~,!-~~~=
•
(1'1'5111'\'''
~lU~~~~!:lh,~rwoodii S. Ca rter & lal'ranus
~~I~=i:..OU':~e';~I~:,,:~~~!'C:"':,!~~",":'~=~t..·
;:'::::-.Jpo...wu",k',.......,. {m'~:rr
~,"~,~~f~~!~ ,i~~fll1is ~dr. huttonae A.C. While & Dyer
113
Euphorbia l~ikipic"sis S. Carter
~LP"OMaIA~1 A.
114
Euphorbidledienii A.ll<,rl?,-r
\ WJiO-.,...." CrTESApp. 11
liS
Euphorbiamilii DesMouL Euphorbiamillolii Ursch&Lc~ndri
~~E;!::~e~:2;~;5~Em7~=;:~~~~h
Shrubl"20<",h'gh.bro"d ...,)fN",b;i",,;g"-"I,...Jl •• """I04('JJ\ ~ mg"
gm";"g.pic<-;:...dd;sh;nflo"""""'C('w; ' hp<...J""'<y~lhi.,l>.:>moonl",j .
"JI(klolcmlun~
/;uphor/nlls",mdrn.Bojor M.d.~.r Crn'5App_ ll
Modogas<ar Cl1l:SJ\pp. 1I
116
~:!,~~~~:~,n~~irii N.E. lIr, ~LU!:~:~!~:A~humbertii SQitcau
~"",_,t,.,,.to 20cm km);,lnd t 'i mm Ihlc~ ,"i>m~ from b,t..,..,r cauda,
'oJ
I,,\,,~
....., 2 <rn I"ng "lid I mm ,,'id~; InA"",,,,,,,,,,. npo< hps 0/ bran< ...... ~:::~::::,!:t:;~~odk!':~:t~:~o;:i;~T.:=:~a't'
~~.:~~~!~ tuns
""",.pi<Yo
ClTI!S App. It M.d~S""<.r CITES App. II
117
Shnob'110 120C'JI\l<lj:tI.<I...,.t>r.onct....J.to.-~".-to.-.~- ... I' .... !,,' .... ,h .......
~~~'7n:'.:;,":.r.:~ru.h"" ...Y".,...,......,..... ,,-..;.-I ....
M......-ro Ull~"rrn
~~'i!:7:~:=~,:r.7"'~,~W~I~·i~:::="=:'
.honl",jy ....... ,"""<I""·r·«··>femo... ~nd ....... n.,...-.......... l>.'""'."'d'ff.....
c.... pL'n ....
SouthAfn.-~((".pt'f'n"',""" CITES "I'!'- II
118
119
~~,~,~~:~~~t~ idl'rnli S M.G. Gilbert
~~~,~uK~:n~.~li~".,~ ;~I~uC::l>;~~:~~7";'~~~~~~~~n~'.J In
.plT.l"ndm'·.......Jw;'~""..... I;~~I\''''''I~'';nr~tth<>rnt>'''''lmrt
l"-.Jund",;cy.'h"'Kn."•."""uI>IJ~.l"'II"w in."d~
Elh,UP", Som.>hll CITFSApr II
120
Euphorbia p$eudO(~(tu5
A.Berger
121
EuphorbiasquarrosaH"w.
~:,g,::';'~rf.,~~~~~..~:~,::~"<:"..!~~U:"I;:',,~~~ ';:~::;::::~~~~:',..'
E"!""',b""",,.,millol>llLom.
<;ou.h AI';c. ((Ap"''r~,·,n< ~l (ri I:';; Apt>. II
123
Euphorbi.l51I'nocl.ld.lB.J.ill.
Shrub to I m lugh "· 'Ih ~t. ....n...""br.""ha ",lh broo<"n o.p;~ ydlo¥. in
\,.od.ol""""'
br.""".pias.
1k>n:ot.""""burnc>I .......
ClTESAppll
124
~!~~:~!~:~:;r~mJ R.A. Dyer
lIody:llcrnh'gh a nd1 5nnthl<kbunf'd,n""I"" tht.pmo!;upto ;o br.n_
~30crnkll\garj..., f" ",',-"udc";b"'n<h.o>wjlhtub,....:k>bo.""jnsp.< jrs'"
~.,.,Tu:~l~t:~~%I~;:;;;.'dim<nt'ry. <,dunn., 10>.,.,..;in!""""'c"", ""
Soo lhAfri<orr'.ns'.)~!1 U1'6.\pp.1I
125
;~f.~~~~!~~~fueri IA>nlS
Sh",b." 15rnk'~h,fo.."clo.~
>1<·n»"·,tl,',,,,,,);uL>,".'
("U'hion'''''"nng'r'''·;~''''''
t~~f:!~~~~:~
Ion); I"d"nd".ri<ing 'n""
"em.I'''',....
\'Ad,.g.w ...
Euphorbia "iros~Willd
CITES App. II
~~f.,~~r"~!~f:~ldii LeitCh
~r!i~t~~::~'r~·;,;~ ~=
~~~n~ :~,~:;~.t?2cm
l<>nl:;,." r.f"'''~ ...''iofl,; ....
""nc~bt" ... on lOan Ioo~
pcd uncl".ns.in~"""'-
EE~~f.~'PW.
ClTESAf'l'.II
~;~;~m.~:~~~::IIIo;<br~;h.:r.~';.'7;~~:~~~~a~I,';.;~'r~~;: ~~n~.
Sou,hAIri<A(Al"'"l'n".",,.l"" C1TESApp.11
126
~:::.:'~~~: 1io,,:.~,:-v"'~-4 ern k,ng "'lth wh,t"h ""'T);m•• ~d ~ mMl;"..1
':iouthAirialK'p"I'",,"nC<"
F~ucariaSf'1"ciosa LBol
"">U'"~VA.""~""<..lAl ""'L"."''''''''''''AUAt
~~r~~~~~::::~,2.5 tm kmg w,th c... ,lag"'''u> bord,', Md :l-4o, ,,",'" ~= !~\~<:t2~:,~~,,~~~p.~ ~~,~I:':t;:, \;::,t'~o~~'h~~~.::,g\n'; "'~.., !<'<1h
South Amc. ('-"f""'fi",nC<', So"thAfric.iC.p.PruI'\n«'
127
Feneslrni•• ur.nli.CJ N.E.Br. Fockuedulis{Thunb.}K Schum.
"." ..... ~"'H'''~<'A.
a" .....,I,~I"
..
,""'" IN ...... 2-3 an k>ng w,,11 t.-.n>I,o<,.
~="'d_.J_t'Iow
~1".1..,",,"'~ d .. "'f" <'·~_.·"'lU<m"'d
~7;tbl""l\ ~.~
... m<i ... ;<I,...t>.nl:ortr>ih~I:_I<O,.",......t _
..... tun.... fk-..... l' ...... ~1I"n lIu!:"d",..."""".,"
...~
128
129
FOUQ U I Il RI "
131
~:f~D~~~N~::r::~~~~. Sr ::r:a"e.~~N~:~OASc~~r(Haw.) N.E. Sr.
Clump"r()1"m;ngp."",oIu~".'I".od"",...,...,,,,"'l<'<Ibyd<'<'Pf..... ,..,;g...,.- Woody root>tock.lorm.ingdumps 6--15 cm in ..r;"m..~er; uooqudl'''c-d.!V''-""
8"""'I ... y .... rov."..,.jwithfiner... ..,"...-ddi;h-violelflow""'" le.,"'2 .... cm.,ng:"'lepmkllowen.
So",hAfri<:.IC'pol'Tovi"",,) C",""" .. ,..,,';riJJ,(tI.w.jN~.Dr
South Alricd (Copc Pn,yil"oC<")
132
~~[~~~:~:}~~I~~~~~~u m (Kensit) L. BoJ ~:E~J~eK~~'<~~~:~~_~~ var. sh~ndi i (N.E. Sr.) Glen
Pl.>nl< forming dump" 20-111 <m in. ,H.lI"'"~r: s"",m,h or S"'Y'g,""n k~,''''' v'r>dywltlll'lalry.y~lk>w·K""norS"'y",hl,... "cs.
6-10cm Ions and ImMd.1 b"",,; P"'~ I" pw~,,b·,,,j n... "'e.,., Gibbon.moluJ..Jii(N£ 1I...)S<IIw.nl""
s"",hAfri<.(DF"'l'm"i"",) SouIIlMric.ICAp"I',,,,·i,,,,,r
133
~:~:~:~Rh;':l~~~r~:~~~~!um N.£. Hr.
!,,!:~';:\::;\;}~":.~~n 1"".... 01 unrqu.1 .".... '''Kcm k"'~ . . i'h t",,,,,I~'
SoothAf";~'(C'I"'I'm";n<Y)
134
C1Qltiphyllum Qligflwpum L. Sol. Cloltiphyllum surrectum {HawJ L. Bol.
M[ 5f". ~ YANn'"MAnA~ M[".,,"w"'I.."H'''AClA~
~~~.14~~~~':d :~~7J~I;:::'~~;.~:;;:.;~:~':"'.Oft.n r<'\l.,;ng...J Ere"". ><m;-cy!;nJrical. t;"-"" Ie.,-"", wi,h tn.a"llular lips; ydlow
Sou, h Afri<I> Il~I"'I'M\"n"')
now~rs.
135
~.r:!~~,:~~~m m.cdo\l~Jlji Ale...ander Grtenovi.diplocyd.lVebb
ufi><.. IJ~
=~':.r~~~=:!,,~~~~~"'d-
s.mil.J •• "CMU""bu......
(:~"""Y l.und.
\k>. .....
136
Haworthia a r~(h n oidN (L.) c.-J. Duva l Haworthia attenuata variegMcd form
Sk-m""" ...-,... Io~cm in d","""er "~Ih ••" .."all.",,,,, 15mm long ",In Arult,vatt"d form w,,",·.n.g..t<.'d ..... ,-....
wh'l~ m'''I\"",I,,", .. ; i"fkorc><," "'~ 30 <m ,.n, white flow" .. wilh S""" ,·d, .. Soo",hAIricAIC'p"I'Tovi...,..)
HmJ}oorrhUlgiS.. I''''"nn.;H . ....'''mH .....
SottihAfric.,C'p"'I'"winn>'
137
H~worthiachloracanthal law"
~~!~~E~~ia cooperi fuker
~~~,,';::~c~ta~ ~~~:~~~1~ ~:~~w,~::" ...,,-.s6-8cm long; c .... .,.!"""
ro6ctt ... ~ em in di~rn....er. p.>"'w",n 1",,..,,,,3 em Icn~ with ~mm
~~'"ci~,,"l b.,,, ...; inflor~"",,,,,~oIIl em ,,11; pmk"'h"w~".l1o"....... ,,"i'h
Soulh Afnc. (C.""I'r<,,",....,.,)
Suu!hAlnc&(C.""Pro,"m<e1
138
H aworthi~ limifoli~ Marloth ~,a,::.~~ i~ mirabilissubsp. mU[ldul~ (Smith) M.l:!. Sayer
~';.::~~'~~~:!:fiS~:~~7~$"HC~~~it~r.~·
EE~s§~g£~~;E§i:;it~~~E~~;~~
"""'I';nl7<"IJby\\'Ull.>y<'t"(19<12)
Sou ln Africa (Cal"'i'n""",,)
142
Hereroacarinans(l law .)L.BoI Her('roamu; rii LBol.
Ml~~M~~V"NTH[MACEAt
~n~~: ;:~I~~~::~Iws.nd ,(en.,; u"'"-'lU,! >i",-.J.g",y-g"-,,n ICd'·"" ~~;;''::..~~.:;: ~'gh; br., ......... ","h 4-Il"""'-<yhn,lnr.I I......... 4-7cm Ion",
SoulhAfrk,{C.I"'[>ru,;,wd S..ulh Afn... (C.p"I>mvi......,j
143
Hood idwrrori (Hook.)Dt-cn~. Hoyaimperial is Undl.
~('mSwithl5-25.l"gk.... ~cmhl~hdoo3-4<nli"d\o\m"L"d\\dbraru;b
;nsIrornN'""t"IDrmI...&(·clump!l;l>"~.,,orpinkfiow .... 11dn'rhoto-
~rd l'bod
in ,,",!>lLIt.
AnsoW.N.m1bi.>
H u('mi~.Isper.l NE.Hr
145
~:~~,i:[)~:~~.. rp .. "AT, S( hweinfurth ii A,C. Whit" & B, 510.1n"
'46
ipomocaboiusiana
5chim:
C.ude'w20cm;n,t"mM~t;
Lhin,ll'ffi>w,tk"mpkor
~~":,~~;6.:'J'~
\-l.Id.g.O<".r
~~~~~~a,,~~~~~:i B.lker
~!~d:,~.~,~ ~~.::~r
hhfonn,gr>1'<1'lt ..,...:,t..."
pin~lopurpknow~r>.
BI" .........,N.mibi.
~
I
••I Ipomoea marmoula
Britten & Rendle
T"b...'rCIUSroot;<lem<
2O-JOcrn hiSh; "'rg<' •• il,·.,....
Sf..,n, p;>1""'h·I ••""",ml~'
6:~~~;::A
lbt-rvillu50norae (S.1V3b;on)GTt't'ne
14'
lpomoe3 Sp.
Tn.,go.'"u<I,."..om'nd"dc."
sp«;"';ofinlc",.ttoCdUdj.ci,
fOrm~nlh,,<ias!S•• nd ... \,..,..1
fi""~pt.'<;n""",h.\·~Mn
imporlcdfromilicwild
Id"""~CA'i"" .. d,i';""II,.nd
:'::~~d~~~~~I~w
~;,,~~~ ~~::SC.P"-"
Jalrophamu[tirida L.
148
JOVIBAR BA
149
JOV IBA.RB A
150
Kalan choe fedtschen koi Raym.-H.lmet & E. P. Perrier
~~hW':'::::t~b~:';'~:'il~~:1jO:,1~tb'~~?~':h~;'\\
Maddll"><ac
lSI
~"~~nu(~~:tkewensis Dyer :~~:s~~~~:~illotii i(aym.-Hamet & E.!', Perrier
Ora"dK'<l,h.liry shrubJOcrn high; l~d,· .. l-6crnlo"8.t>d 2-4"" wjd~
~~~1~='Ag~=~"ii'#==~,~~1u';~"~~I~:e~,'~<l. m'·......,j ""th haj""rmk<><yellowfl"w .....
Mo-..d·'Sd«M
C>rd",,<>rigin
152
KabnchlX' J(~piger~ WetII'. :.~:~:C,~~!~yrsirol i. liar\".
Shrublt>"O'mhlgh..I'fU'.-.-Ie.o''''' -l-·S<mloH>A-...-..ln.. ......... o.--If""fv<.l..... "'lmh,&h..I'fU,""""Ie.o,·""1~15'""'~.n.l ~-6un
,""""<"Io."/IO,,_·,,,""I!I "...... "·1thr«lol ......... 'lI"",...,!k>wn.....,,..
~II$<>lII.s.",lh'« .......... Is..mtr.1 5.Ju!h Alnc-.. (l-..I"" ,............... Tt'n,,-,ul
'53
Kalallchoezimbabw ensisRl'lldle
~~~~:~~:~~~,f:.~~:~mus (L. 1lo1.) L. Bo1.
~~~~~r.I~~~:,.s:~";;~~~~'7,!~;":n~~!~ lung and 9 mm Ihic~ "'ilk
Sout h Afn,,"IC,p"l'ro" , ~)
154
Lithop§auc~mpiaeL. Bo!
\if~E\iaMYM"'UfMM'F Af
~n:;;~!~h~~)d:;~~~~:.~!~;~,;~!:.~wn in colour
Suulh I\!rk". (COI"'Pr""iru;d
155
Lilhops aucampiae var. klrelemanii (de IXJer) D.T. Cole
.. ',f- ""MY ~,,"TlU., ... CF~F
A noSito K...."Y·bro"·n ,-.ri<:ly wilhdo,~linco
South Ai"". (Copof'roymc,,)
Budy 1.5-3 "n in di,om..~ ..~; ''''''''Iuol ._w."<.l, 11"-'1. to brown lruV1.'S with ~"'l'
~"'-'"m.t,l\i ... ;YOII"... flo"... rs.A ..·.nJblos?'<'...
Soulh Ainca (Ca",· 1'"",,,,,,,,)
Lithops aucampiae \'Jr. fluminalis D.T. Cole Lithops bromfieldii var.in sulari s(L. Bul.) B. Fl'arn
.. l>E."~M\·""'-If.lBMC'-M "f'L""VA",,"~"A(" _AE
156
:~~~~~~~~~~~~~!:~fBo!
Body 2 3 <m in di."",-~er. ~""'I~~I ;ih>d, bIUi'1I""" lo pinki<h I~.,,,,, wilh
"l"''l''''''''''&''''';y>,llowflOl.·.... A ".ri.b~',pt'ci ...
SoulhAfrk. rCal"'l'rm'incd
157
~~~?!:~~~~~~(;v::~ l~ctinl'~ O.T. Cole Lithopsh~ lli i dO;' IJoer
".q"BRY"""'f"",'f .. r
~~uPl"" ... rf.ott.""'n\'b!~>p<>b"ndbloo.l''''.Jrull"''' Body I >;..2<m ... d ........... ckq>fi_,..,unoqu.ol...-..l.S""Y "'p'''booo<o...
.... ''''W"h''..... ~.W1''''-... and'''''dob;'''hlkllv .......
South Afn<.. (C ...... I'rm·' ...... )
.;s
lithopsha11ii 'Crl'{'n Soapstone'
",;:s;:."Bn"NTH~ .. "n.. E
ACUltlV.,wtlhg"",,,,h·ydlo,," lcd",,,,"
::~~~~~~hAa~~~~~VAh:!~'. ~~~~?~:AO:~~fr~:~::~icul~le'
A <ulli,"arwilhwh"ish"Il'"CYIc."""," Aculli,"or<,imi!.ulovarrloo.,..;
159
~~~~~~~ ~Ao:.~~r~ ::;:,~~rgil1~b (Nd) D.T. CoIl' ~~~~~~~!~~~"l~~z~~ephdld'
IOO<~'" ,·.ri<"l,· ,,·il~,j.,~ !\,"'fl 0''''-.;1 "'((""flS
A pjn ~ A 1""1~.mil~y.!\,,","rul"'·."""hd.'k .. m.'rk'"&'
l"hup. """X"""
Nd
SaI"h Afnc. (C.p" l'n, ..nw)
160
~~~!~~:f~~::f;!~lIeri (.'J.E. Br) Fearn
5mo11rr_thrryl"'''r-wllhron,·''''ul'r'.,. ... ~·
~/0<1"""~£o.
<;"uthAI""" IC.I'"rn..., ......1
.
~~~~~!: a~~:,~::,I:~: 5ubsp. bella (!\.E. Br.) Of. Colo!
l!.J,Jy2-.l<n\lnd;.,,"'1c"(,d"''''1'I'-.... t.~-Il''...... '''',''''''lth''''''~'"'uPi''"'"
... ,I.,C<'.nd ol, .. "1\n' .... dol ..
/j,",,,,/orIJ."I.E.B,
"'~m;ht.a
lilhop:s lu.r.ismonl.iu (Thnler &. Schw,lnl('<;) N.F Br. ~~I"~:':,k,,.i~;,~:~~:~: , ubsp.l'bl'rl.inzii 'WilputunsiJ'
..,'.·.... ~""Ttl," ..(nr
em.-..Ofbn:m1\"""tuo<hR'bo.Jyl"-..J'""''''du .......... wuh"'~ ..1"1''"'"
:.::;:.... hllfon.-.... ...... " ... n.1bi.......,-.
~~~l~:.~::~;,..~:.,li:,:;:~.rtac."'th""""mIou...nd
16l
~~~:'::"~~I~~~:~:~: var. aiaisensis (de Boer) D,T. Colc
~;'!~:.1;:':=~;::'k~~;;t~h\:;;~~
::~~~n:~~h':~;;;~~rf:'~:d:r;:.:t~~~~~,,""
~=bi.olnidlto"'iDint.".&. Schwantes) Dint.".&. SCh . . an'' '
162
Lilhops mannorala'Framesii'
M~"M~n"'rII[""~LU
lilhops lesliei var. venteri (Nel) de Boer & Boom l ithopsmeyeri L.BoI.
"1:S~"~Kr"N!f<"M"n", "1i>.",""r,,~rf<l" " UH
A pologrcy '·a';,~y ,,·ul> fine n""ki,,1f' ~t!;.-~iC:!';~~~~I~~=;d"wg',"I.pal~greyka'·"'hnSed wllh
LIlIo.'f"t<'Illmtl.<"i
Sou'hAiri("'IC~pcr.m·;"",) 5ou,hAfriollCap<l'rv,inu:)
163
lithop5 pseUdotnmCiteliol subsp. dendritiu (N<'IJ D.T. Cole
.. 1:l>< .... I .. NTt<Ut .. C( ...
nu:. ...b5p.'<......... """""'P"c""",..,..koi'fi".,.d.rl 1Iom<o...........lonF;O;
,..... 1Iow=
~::-bIo ..... nf... 'k1
164
Lilhopssc hwanlesii Dinlcr
M[SEM8RYANTU[MACH..,[
~~~~~: ;:~:~~~~ ;~intcr & SchwlI ntes) N, E. Sr. Lithopssc hwantesii 'Triebn~ri'
,"W "."VA"'HHMUAI
8ody2"';,5cmind~,mctor;rouoo""d. upp"" u '{.K'erom ·""'R"'Yorc"'.m 8u<Iy )-4cm j"d;"m~~~'; "'"'II"", tbou'e, uPP'" .urla.x 11.II.g,,')I ur pale
~:::''''''';'h~''''''()'kO/lin"",yelto'''flo'''M"< ~:,:~:;th broken .... tWOl"k of dn"""",,, lin ..; yollowII",,·....
165
:~~~~~~!:~:~~l::<:~:,~. Br ~~~~~~~::;:::.~:l~:~~e!
Body 1.5 crn ind"'mctOI. p"' ... g"'y,,, .....,j ,,·,thoWk1"rg ...."n.. hd<>t>""· ... Body2_)'nl;nd .. ''''.. c"r.dc~1'[i»u''';g'''y'''ilhfi,....Jyfi .........-dd."Iu."''
mglhelop;yo-IIo ... llo,,"«S. "'ind""·"',·.,...,Jwilhlwo""nd"'.. ~... llowflowon.Av.,.;.,ble,pt"<1 ...
/j'h,)psl"...d"S<h .. on ...... 5outhAfrica(C~l"'rrovi"",,)
/IIamibi •. 50 ulhM"""(DopcPN'o;",,,,)
166
167
M~rremiJlub~ros.I Rcndl<,
=~'j",;"';:~~~)~;~lk'::~'\'~:"I!~~=IlOn(""'Y
Trop;c..lMn<oo
168
169
Monarlenium guenlh eri p~~ MonJdeniuminl'enuslum N.E.Br
170
~=~:I~~~~' rhizo phorum P.R.O. Bally Mon. dcniurn schu bei (Pax) N.E.&-.
~~~~~:~:a~~~~n:'~
Kft'If'
...... -
~~~'2d.o":\'!;=~~,C:~~~!~dO;:~-';
T"",-,nlA,Zunbob...,·
I7l
MllnadeniumstapelillidesPax ~!~~s:~~hce:~~nJgens is I'rae,.;cr
En'<''''·m•. wkkha'eJecumb<''' .. hc",,'''''''I'''"15(Jnw"!;.w'th'ub... n;I .... t....>w,>f.>n.."J;,>g.lll'\lb;K"'b"'... ~n."",al~m.. ',·lca'·''S2.S'''"lung ..·' ' k
AIT.,ng<.'d in spt .... I.; g''''''' ".,·""l-S.m!ong""",,,on,<:mwin'<:l"rt.ofyru,ng gro<Wod urp;!'ts,,'I,",.. ;y~lInwisk ..<:,......, A""·('t,,
'~'n"pll'k,nflu~ C"'''''Y 1•1,,",hrr''''e';fd
Kenya,T.",.ol"'A
In
~!~~:~~ce:A~ubuas§icaulis (Kuntze ) I'raeger ~~~:~~~ia echinala MiG.
G""",>lcm.I· 2cmIQtlg.den".". ""'fiI-.,ytul<lricalJ.,,,,,.. I ern IOlll'-h.:uryflo.> ...
oring .....".;rroll<>w<-.. ~~t:;'.rcll':,';'.;~~~:'<!?d~ \:'.~~::::::!~:;,,'!.!",~'j,:~'~I~~~~"" ],,<,w>;
Co"",), Isl.mds (Gom<",. La Palm.:>. T~'l<'fiM Mal.:ly.;"
173
NA M AQ lI AI\T lI lIS
l:~P~tb':;~7.i~~IC\~~W
c.."'I1" .... t."...!L!a PiILo""
50uth Africa (C~I"'I'rovi""")
Nycleranthussp.
MI:5[MBR\ANTlllMACEAE
~;..=llf:i'~~""'nof.n
5oulhAfrk.(Copcl'rovinwl
Nyctl'T~nthus
viridiflorus (Aitonj
Schwantes
Mr5E\t8RVA>ITIiEMAC£AE
r~r~~~~?t~.::·
2-4<mlong.pcrstsling,,"
:;:n·t,,:::}t"'dryin~,,,1i'
rr.~.:::~~:n~·6~ridjtl"'"'
50uth Africa (C'p"I'rovince)
~~~:~~~~~~I~~:~EU:[L. Bol.
u.. ".,,- 1-2"", Icn~grry tod.,. s"",n lo,w", 1-2 em long with d",,'~'o
marsu>'; .. h\t~flo"""",,,
Namib;.o!SouthAlrica(u ll lpNA"""l".Lond)
17S
Oper(uliur)'~dt(uyi llrl'lTier
~~~:~~~n~~~,~,Y,~~~':~~ull\'ri 1..1I'is
Ob..,"'.... Ib<oJ" ... Z<n,I""S""d.1'mind"','...1l~.sn'''''"Vl·11o''.,h.Ir.....
I""·,ll.Iol...., 1 2,mlon~"','h'"tn-.lllC<'n',,·'"d"ws,ru<T'lI<hnnw' ....
Sou,h A,nc. «_'.!". 1"""'''''''1
~~~~::I\~~f,~,)~I~~~~~in'tri Schwantes
Soh ...., .... Ioo:~IoncI"'.lb(oJ .... 2-l="""'-r:;..............",h,.. ·~"""'h"~-.l •."h
~..;,;:I<.n'tur.nI"·'nd" .....;J'ln~n.c..."'"'-
\7'
~r~.~~~~~~r:.}'~~~~~lfongum (\ .E. Ik) Ti!>Ch.
~b~~'~;;ht~~.~~.:~I~~;'~~~:'~~~'~;I~'~f~t;~~\':,~i\.'.~'." ' ....,11"" i,h
r>.:.m i bio/S.",,~ Afr.... ,l.ot'I,·\J.•"''''lu.,I.lIIJf
r-=:::::;;;;;O.IIi:J!iiiI ~;~~~~:t!Y~~I~,Y~~,::~,
OIi"··~r"",,boJi""2·2-S<m
I""g.,nd l.'icrn"·..:I~"';lh
m,"utcpap'IL1~;'~'TI>I"'"-"r"
Iol","-hil"n..,,~~
t\am,b'd/5ou11t AfTko (L,IIl,'
.....,-"....... t\., .... qu.bndl
Ophthalmophyllum
praesectum (N.E.ijr.)
SchwJnte.
'''~F''""YA''''''''M'FA'
?t~~n~~~~t~ ~:u~~~
\"j",lo,,·.;form1Mg<m.n
rlu"' I,,;I""''':!-;mmlon!l'
I-',,,~,,h ,,.,1.1 n",w",
~o~"'tt.",,,,,,p,",,,,,"'"m
"'~'lhAfn~A(t.1'" 1'1"0\',""')
177
?~~~_:,:~~:~:!a (L) Haw Orbeopsiscaudala (Y E.lJr.)l..t>ach
178
~r~o>~~~~!:~:rubesccns A. Berger
!..";i~"'c~~:::~~~ ;~1';',.".:r.: ~~.h...'i,,:;,~nn~r,,~~r;;."1;"'''' I........ "f Z MI."",.
Clu .... (nortltl. J""'m.K,,"'"
179
?~~~<~:A~~pensis L.H. Bailey ~~~<~:AJ:pidocaul i s5chJtr.
DWMf ,h",b '0 l~ em. , .• 11; ,hk~ b, • ...,h .. «"....,.d ",'h~A"; I .~j"", .. k>.t
F.::'~ ~1&:k:S~~:'j~''::.; ~'~J~:~,:::-~::"rt1~;:~:>~~;\~=Z,I::~.~'1 t>.a_;&',""nl.O\·"'3-<>rml""~y.llu"· n""c",,,
";"u,hAIri'A((;Apo'l'r",·;nco) ".m;!>i./<;nu,hAIri... (I .,ttlpNam'q",lJnd)
180
181
~:~!;J:~!~~ oviferum JA Purpus ~~[!:.i:,m barunii var, windsorii Pichon
PruoA,ak', wh,te.t.,,,,,, 1(}-15cm long: whlt~ .... " .. 2-1cm long 000 2-3 em Cl~ .terns to IOcm l"diOII><'t<'l'; thick, cy~ooric.l b,~n<he<; short 'pi_;
widc, n.'<IfI""..,... 1"',...... t ..nd<nfbrnnrl'k><;r<!<I/1""· ......
M,ld......""" CITI'.5Arp I
182
w 'Ie",m
(;.00 .... In.u.m..i,,,
",lhcyllndnull>nn<M t.. 70,m (K"""" Lol<.'tal
.pmod~'2m);"J""",""m","",g;d.rI'l;"""''''''''''2 1<m ~'''''thh''''
"'hl~h.o,,,,,,,, ... ,,.......... rI,,,,,.}~I"""'~
\bd.og;o."''' CITESAppU
I ~.r t~"M' 1
183
1'~ch ypodium s u((ulenturn OC.
('Aud"" t"',
<n> m d ... m....... !(t""'m); ,,, ..l,...~,,,,,",t i" !> ••
~""'d".J,t"""2[k,11<onl"ns; J..",·,... 4,·"'I,,n~,'nJl<m,,·,deb<'mt'.lonS
b,'.".
li ..... ~\.
184
Pel~rgonium
cotyledonis{UL'Ht?r
Thick • ...,n,tollfcmhiSk:
ruu"d,,J,g ......lIl~..'.,
~~U~~~ :;:~k:~~~, ~~:::.
:~i:; ii~~-..I!,::Y h.o,r; bduw;
5.,,", H"I~n"
pel~rgonium
crithmifolium
GG.Smith
Su<nJl,lll,br.ncht..l ...,,,,,.,,,
5(Jcmhij\hwilhuh."ul."
~~7:!~~~~~£E~
185
~~~~~~~~ :~~ lobatum (BurmJ.) L'HCr.
PI'I\I20-J(l~"'hi;;h;L\lg"lub...,.., ... \=-dwilhbru"'n""k;>hull'(CI\"';
3- Iobod. hal,),.!;""'" I~.\"n to 300» in ,j0.1ml'l"; ,I",~ p",pl~ A""......
SoYlh Afrk. (Cn!", Pro.i"",)
186
f>eperomiadsperul~ HulchiSOll& Rnuh
187
Piaranthus framcsii Pilians
:~~~i!r"':~h:~=~;t!·t~t:;:'t,7.~j~~';Zi~'~"~;:. \- I.S<m in
South Afnc. <Cap"P"",mcd
188
~~~~~II:::c~:~l iduS CA. Liickh.
;;:'~f.:"",gl'*"-t"obl"ng">i>!;<:un:ly .nsl<d .."n"2-3t"mkmg;),,Ilow
189
~~~~~r.i!~~,~~1r~~·datuS(Haw')Sch",alltes 1'lumeriarubraL.
C...,.1\""'" or b'""mi,b tcaVM ·\-9cm Ion)\. unito..l., b.lsc/or 1 em.nd ","h
/la, upr"'- ",<I""" ron'·~. b;ock and pmm,...-nl dols; , ... lIow flow ...
Sou'hAIrkA(l·~p"I''''''"i~)
190
Portulaca pilosa L. Pterodiscusaurantiacus Welw
IInnl .... h.p"'t ... "de'''':l(!<mi" di.mo:t'''Wl,h"",· ... ].hICkbfilnche>; ... ".
Eit~:~~~~: 'k~{,',~~~t:~!~kto~~~~~~~~7~~~::~f~:~a ~~:; blui>h'S""n I,""'" 10-15cm loog with .i~ u"c '"''1\'''5. ycllow
191
~~:e,~~~a.~~h a mJlvifnlia Engl ~~~~~~~~:;;:rburkei N.E. Hr.
~::~~:;:,~~f~~~::; In cl,.'In"~r prod»nng '''-,nong. !P.,"- ",'''': g""" (;rry<,,,M, 1I-15nn in di~",," .. r. ",u,h·I>r.lnd...,,; <WI\< IS,1n 1001:0 ~""Y
s(,"'nlc~'·~.,.3,.,.,lung;purpk'f1u"'''''''
llo4,w.,,,,,. "'omibh. s"",h Af,i<> (Ir.lM".l.,I,
192
~~~~::~~~~~~~~:::;:Ai'~ii Schwantes
Shrub2O-JOcmhij\h;Slcms w i,h.ho"in'crnodco,hllobi.,l,polcbluish'<>
!;~'~ ~"'.... \_~<'" kmg; yellow Am.........
Soo,hllfn",(Col"'l'rov;"",,)
193
Rosubriachr}'!hInth~ (Boiss.lTakhl. Rus(hia nassa (L Bo1.) Schwant es
R.....~t..,. 2.5 om in d .. m<:tc'f; gn..., ... twit)' ka"'" 2-3 en, Ion~ wIth ruundod ~~:~''1lh"re<luTp'''''t''t •• tem.':8Laurou.gr.,.n"'''-''1_2cmlons:wh,te
'po>';y.llowfIoWffS
Turlu.')'(,;outhan.J..,uthw.."t) 5.>uthArrica(Cap"Pruvina)
194
Ruschia sMmenlos.! (Haw.) Schw,m les
;~r~:;~r~!rl;'::t~:~~:~~~C:~1d~t~'~~"~"f.:~;.~:t~d11; :i~·;
Sou,hA(",,(C'p"I'rovinccl
Rus{hianlhusfa({alus LBol.
MbH,~n~'1ltn_,,~nAl
195
196
198
!kh"·.ntesi~ roedebuschii Dinler ~::~:J:~udrlor~ Saker
."ls('un"'rnl\'!M. l"~
199
S~dumiClYL Sedum ~1I~ntoides Ro!.e
200
SedumhinloniiR.T.Clau5t'n
51<-"" 5-10 em Ion~ ,po''''''' bt..",h<.", d~'"d~ )w'ry k-.l,."" 1.5-2 em 1<>"5
~rT.,n~'.J in , __U"" ,,·hi'~ now,....
\In.ru
201
~::~~t~~~~~rOllense R.I'. Murray
Stm,l.rt<>S."'<J""'b"\""'!ht.'gt"I .... _;rell''',·n''w~ .....
C.n.ry IsI,nd. (L1nz.>rote)
202
~~S~~l~::~~ A. Gray
\tu,h b.. nd..._-.d"~om."..",.""..",.I .... I)·~bn""'And moIl~g~tnod"":glAUC'
~~~,~,:,""n 1"""... 1-1.5= Iung.nJ 4 mm ,,'Hl~ ,,,,..,,ge",, ,n """-1".~; n,,",cI'>
USA (V"}pn,at"Alabamo)
203
SM\.'lI>h",b2Scmh,~ I~nu n "''''''''.M">b'''''''''' \gr,,,'''I>a><·,l;J90lgn.'-'''
l",v .. "-;,hrt'd1i1',1-20»Inns·wrou ndin-,iQn<ro wdru.lonl\.,,,m.;
r~.:l~:~~:~~:n in Me>iro
204
Scdum s.artor;anum Boi"s,
205
=~:~:~~ ~t1anlicum O.M. Ball
Small .hrub wilh ,;en,..1 br~n<hes ansing from 10..-"" parts. <Ii OMIl<; blui,h·
~~rui""",,Ie.'·"'3<mlo~S;Y"1Iowflow,..... ;~~~';~tflo!!~~dl~it~h:~~~~~~~I!~~';"~
".~
206
Sempervj\lum cantabricum J.A. Hu ber ~::r~I:~~~~ cilio5um vaT. galicium A.C. Sm.
~~!i:drl:(::.~,.~:,'~:::"~~;~k~=~ . ''''to4<mlonganJ
Ruo.o.'IIo." 10 2.5<nt indiarn<:lcrw ilh long.lOlons;J; ....,..ish-s."""'Ic....,. .... ilh
ohortholi,",flower'""",,,lO"<."J"J\~igh;}"plJnwA"""''',
Spotn Europe (Cali<i,. M.o<:odonia)
'"7
;:~~~el~~i:~~ kindingeri Adamovic Scmpcr\'il'um monl~num I'dT. bum~lii W<'tts!. ex I [,,}'ek
1~~': i~~~~~~~f;:I%';'~~: ~:~r~r.~~~~~tlb:~SI.nd~l.r, half} =;'i.:!~~I:~~:~~~~~i'.:.r:"h.~~7 I~a"., wIth ddrk "P" ,,,,Ie!
Europ"IM.><c'<ionia) Fr.I""'/It"ty/~" "'l'"'lu 'h"''"'t Atl"'I'}"n..~,,~... )
208
;::~~r:~:~~ purnilurn M. Bieb Sl'mpl'rvivum tl'(toru lll var, italicum (Ricci) Zonn
F"'dy ..,sf",~'iI\S ms<-~t"" I 2em;n diamc"'" ~r""n. ~1'ndul,r.II.';ry ""' ...... Koso1t""l-iIcmind;'m",..-;nunwrou.II..iry);"",,,I~...... wi'horw"hO\1'
~~"(~~:::;'l~In ..p!1'T'''' flo",,,,, ,,·;tll!,,'" ma'll'n." A '·.n.lbl,,"f'<'<1"'. b",wnllp".nd .."thcihat~rna'll"",;p"'kn"'",".... ""th ""truw"'rut~""''ll;ns
PLlIl'poorogr.phcdinh.lblt.l.
Smlp<'l1""'" Iful,,"m R"",i
IMly(Ahru>.>n.L",io)
209
~::~~e:~:~~ wulfenii Hoppe Sempervivum lectorum 'BiAnco di DAniele' Zonn
c."'>!,.l,,(;v.~
"d......~up ...r'l ... "".... ~'" R""""""5-<I=lnd ... mel"'T;!;"1'-sre<"',halry"",,~';fl,,w""',,"hlto
l'aly(\'.I I ~III"";lim"odd",nbu""n)
210
~~~~T:~ iculatus (L.f.) S\:h. Bip.
211
~necioh~worthii (SI<i.)Steud.
co"I'o5flI\~
SlorublOlI'l""h""; ..1"'"'Y1l......,1f,o_5C111Ionj!.,...• • lnJPll"~1o..0<alI&'
~~Iinn.
5nuthAfrI<".((.·~"" I 'r<w; .......)
212
~~:~~'.:ndulu 5 (Forssk.) Sch. Sip.
~~:;'':I;'''';~=io>o~~~:::.':.~~anthcn~
n."",,..nd~"<k>f.;o.UOC
BI\iop<.I.K""~~<"""""',u.Som.>"'. y .........
213
:::'~T~~mpc.rvivus (DC) Sch. Bip
~~~~TfZ~~J.~$al~~·~~J:~i;,:rn:~~;~~7~~:~
~~~~=C""IJC
214
~~~~~~~:C~~lbrrtii Kcr<ludrrn ~!~:.r:,!!-~~af }'unnAnl'nsi~ (Franch.) A Berger
(·yI,"'t"..~I,nllbo.t.<i,,,,b'''S'''''''''1u3rnloo5' ......ltuJ .......... ).Iuk'' . "~~(IO;IO).l>I_t....Vftionnmg~ ......"",k'a_",,""'"
C.t:;;~~~i~~~~_ 2O<m~ir6i~nm~.n'I""t.s-n w"lt<hnnwlu"'N,,<; .. I\'h>hflo,.-""' ... rthn:dt;p.o.
erun...(Y ....... n)
M.>dJIt-~r
Stapelia grandinora Masson
217
~~~~::~!~~:,demYi Chou;.; Stomalium ermininllm (l1.1W.) 5chw'}nll'S
Eftct.. ... , .. S-."Jdo..J ...,.,.. 10 <m rup.. ~n~"''' wI,h ~It ....... n~ """h nl'!""'d
",.h ''''''" ... ~ mm lonK' d.or~ 1"'' '. . 'u ..... ,... /1"...."'" 2-2 ~ <In h'ng ~~3:1~i."!rt~,· r..~~IoJth,,!,'f,d~~~ ~'.:~~~'7';',j~':.~~"-"h
M.>d0V>C.'
Sou,h M""o (C.I'" I'ru' ""'d
218
Talinum pJniculalum Uacq-l Gacrln.
CI·"lr.I • .-.lN""h""",n,~(,,",,,lhl·mSt.>t..,,)
219
~~!~:~~~~.~::~!~(Schwantes) H.E.K. Hartmann & lic-'de ..
~!:v;r~: ~[f~~tjit$ii IlA Dyer
Tn."&,,IA'·"""""'tl'"'Y IN, ... J..-4<m ionllwilhdulo._l"Jband.-,_ Ilotkj;twfttobn)wn,6-tolJ..onpN_8-IOonhigh""",'f\'\lwdh""",JI
lov..... owf""'bum.on ..... , <lumf".S-'Ocm;nd~ ........ I-2poil'f04IN"""
frompckohoot.)-.:Ik>wfk>w<>n =:"-::~': )~='~~:;.fli..~~.~=r;~ ItIln>m>U5 "'"
PIt;.p;Jotpn-,,,,," (M.rluIh) Sckw.nteo Swth Alrico (T ......, ..... I)
Swlh Afnao (C.I""'mY;nno)
210
~:~:~,~~~~"f~~~~:;~i~h
Clump-f"mlin~ """"",or ':Hi I"'ir<nf "',"..-;;~""'nww,,.,,'<l
wn ... ~''''''n
infull.un)I~""",2cmlon6''''h 0.., uPI"""",rfao.·.mundod k",,1 tok,,,"~,
su,fOtt.,.dlube,,,,L,'eh?;ydl,,,,flo"l'N.
m,hMn<a(C.p<" I'mv,.....,)
Tit~rt0l'sis hugo·schlt'<:hteri (Tisch) Dinlt'J" & Sch"'~llt ('S Trades(antia siliamontana Mal1Jdn
\'[S[MBn ... "fll[" ... n ... [
22 1
Trichociulon {Javum l\.E. Ilr. Trichodiadema bulbosum (Haw.) Schwantes
Mr5E MeRVANTtlfMACfAE
~~:;~~f'i5;:~'~~u~;~:%~L;!~!~n~~ :':,~,U; and T"b<>fou. """" wi!~ ".ms!O 20 em high; ~f1'y·g,.,..n J.... v.. ~ "'''' Jong and
3 "'''' thock with "",,,,.1 ... h i t~ bn.tlto<at tlPO; rY<l f1u".~rS.
"""'h Afri<. (C'l"'i'ro""""i
Sw'hAfdOl(Dj><"PYu'i'''''·)
222
Trichodi.,dem~ den sum (I [al\'.) Schl\'imtC"i
"''Innu ... """,, ... c .... ,
Tuborouo~ .. 1t".han_'iV"<nl<.''Ql.s-2<m\on5u.d4mmtlUd
wilkl!l-2'i ..·ki"'''"'' ...... AI''I'''-(.nn'''''n.,..,''''"5.
Soutk Ai""... (Col'" Pro,;"",)
223
~!~:~oc~f:arsonii (Schonland) Toelken ~!~=~Aoc~:~hal'fl'riantls (Dinter) Toelken
s ....... ""...,...d ,,~'h Srryish p""lin~ ",rk;g"'}'~ togreyioh·bmwn Je,o~ . .; "ubo..,..."'"r:hr.I'oC"N!d .... """"25<m;sr-n- bm....nl@Av.. S-2IJ<miong;
l"'wb"'''nflow .... yell""'-S"""'fIo,,·~ ...
CDtyWonI~I"'"'!""""' .. I""'lIn.;C "...,.."'IJISc-honL>r>d ~~:-::"'~I!III)in'.".
N~[J\ibi.a,SOUthMri<a(Cap"Provint1')
224
Ty lecodontornlos um
Toelken
s..,m<toZSannighand2an
,nd .. m"'",",w,er.:d,.,th
dar~bro"·ntowhitcborl...
f:..7~ct~\!':,i:.~n
round<d api""";y<:lIowish."
S.-..fl""·......
Sou,h Africo (CopePrtwi"c<»
Tylecodonwallichii
(1 Inrv.) Toclken
Mu<h"br.""h.:d ..~m'"l.5m
higltoo,..".<d with IMmtWIU
ofoldl~.,"";borl<~!!ng
m>m''''mbo..,;gn-y"S'''''n
~~]2cmlong;y<:Uow
CDlylNo"o-..lIichiill.rv
SouIhMrka(CapeProv;"",,1
Uncarinadecaryi
Humbert
;;:~~3!:li:'!::i;"'1h
1In.-yish-<><]""b.J.rl<;lrianguW
le.'.... ~<m""'g..1>""'"
uppn.urf.rero,"tn."dWlIh
small hairo,lowc<,uff"",
Wry;)"'!!o"'!!"".......
M.d"l!-'"""r
225
VK'WoflheNdmibDe.en wit h Wrl",il..-hio ~n<l thc.UI""".fomily
226
Zygosiryos trip~rtitus Humbert
227
CONVENTION ON
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN
ENDANGERED SPECIES
C ITES Secre ta rial, PO Box 456, 1219 Chatelai ne, Ge neva, Swilz(!rl.md
Habitat clt'Struction is thl! major cause of the dt!Cline in wildlife populations, but
the second most important thr<'ilt is the exploi tation uf plants ilnd animals (and
their products) of wild origin. [t is when this exploit.llion leads to intcrn<ltion,ll
trade that C ITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
of Wild Filuna and Flora, plays an important role.
CITES contributes to nature conservation by regulating the intcrniltional tTilde
through a system of permits and controls, which are issued and implemented by
the exporting and importing (l)UntriL'S. In July 1993 120 countries were party to
CITES. The word 'trade' refers to all intcmntional movements of specimens of
species listed in its AppendiCes, and it includes plants carried by tourists, large
commercial consignments and material for scientific purposes. However, there
arc certain exemptions for registered scientific institutions. Through this control
system, alll'arties assist in k.....ping Tare and threatened wildlife where it belongs
-in nature reserves and in ilsnatural habitat.
The CiTES controt system also permits trade in specimens from the wild up to
a levellhat is not detrimental to thesurvivill of the species in the wild. The inter-
national trade in animals and plants of wild origin involves a large number of
spt..'Cimens and has great value. The number of wild plants traded internationally
increased gre,ltly after the Second World War when people travelled more freely
and to more distant countries. In addition, the incTe,lsed usc of central heating
alluw~ more and mure pt:'llple 10 keep specimens from tropical regiOns.
The above is n brief summary of the work of CITF..5. The Convention is imple-
mented in Illany other ways, and interested readers are di rected to Tile Evolllliml
ofClTES by W. Wijnstekers (see Further Reading)
229
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATION FOR
SUCCULENT
PLANTS STUDY
CODE OF CONDUCT
Sara Oldfield
This Code was first published in 1990 in volume 10 (supp lement to no. 4) of
Pillute GraSSI', the journal of the Ita!i(ln Cactus nnd Succulent Society. and it h,'5
since been printed in severn! specialist journals. It is reprinted with kind permis-
sion of the author, 5.1ra Old field. The original edition of the Code contains much
useful information that, for reasons of space, CaIUlO\ be included here. Copies of
the fuJI Code may be oblainl.>d. from Sara Oldfield or from the lOS or the AlAS
230
if;
• you plan to colle<:t in commercial quantitit'S, don't.
• you plan to sell any of the plant~ you collect to defray the cost of your trip,
don'l.
• you plan to collect for r~arch or study, obtain the agreement (and prefer-
ably thc collabor.ltion) of competent scientific authoritit'S, ~uch as a govern-
ment agency or university dep.1rtment, in the host country.
• you think 'two or three plants won', be mis.wd', rcmember someone else may
be thinking the Silme tomorrow, and the next day, and the next ...
231
• 00 try to propagate r.lre and documented material and distribute it to other
l'llthusiasts. Remember the proverb: To keep iI plant, give it away!
232
CHECKLIST OF ALTERNATIVE NAMES
The following list contains some of the synonyms in common use
This is a partial listi ng.. and several obsolete names th at ilTC seldom used have been omit ted
233
SU CCUL ENT S- TH E IL LUSTRAT ED DI CT IO NA RY
234
CHECK LI ST OF ALTERNATIVE NA MES
236
FU RTHER R EAD I NG
r. t:NEIIA L
Gilbt,ort M.G., 'A r~view of Caml/ulIIll R.Br. and its scgre-
Jacobsen, II., A }/audbook of Sl4ccult'll/ Plau/s (3 volumes),
g~tes', Bmdkya, vol. 8, pp. 1-32., 1990
Blnndford Press, Poole, UK. 1960 (reprinted 1978)
Whit~ A . and Sloane B.L., The Siapeliae. Abbey San Encino
Rnuh. Werner, Tile Wonderful World of SUCCl4/e'lts, Press, ras.ldena. California, USA, 1937
Smithsoni.m rress, Washing ton D.C., USA, 1984
Wijnstekers, W., Th.. EooIu/;OII of CITES, 5ecret.,uia l of the BII OME U ,\CF.,\F.
Conve ntio n on International Trade in Endangered Species
of \Vild Flora and Fauna, LaUs.lnne, SWit7.erland, 1992 (3rd Rauh W., Bromtliads for Home, Ganim and Grtt7lhouse,
edition) Blandfo rd Press, Poole. U K, 1979
2.37
Carter S.. 'New Succulent Spiny Euphorbias from Eastern Van Jaar:s ....eld, E. 'The genus Gtlslf!rill: a synoptic review',
Africa', Hooker's fronts Pla/ltllrllm (Ben tham-Moxon Aloe Ooumal of the Succulents Society of South Africa),
Truste<'S, Royal Ootanic C.,rdcns, Kcw, UK), vo l. 39, part vol. 29,pp. 1·32 (special issue), 1992
111, 1982
Carter S. and Smith, A.R., 'Eu phorbiaceae' (pa rt 2), Flora of ,\1 ES D lilit " ,\ NTII EMACfo;,\ 1::
Tropiall Enst Africn (cd. R.M. Polhill). A.A. Balkcma,
Cole D., Lil1wps.: F/oWt'ril1g Stones. Acom Pres.s, Randb urg.
Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1989
South Africa, 1988
LlU ,\ CE,\E
Bayer M.B., 111( New Haworth!o Hlmdbook, Nationa l Botanic
Gardens of South Africa, Kirstenbosch, South Africa, 1982
All the photogr~phs w~re taken by I'ierfranco and Daniele Costanzo, with the
exception of: Enzo Bisso 33cr; AndrC'n Caltilbrign 120b!; CilTlo Doni l06bl; Luca
Magagnoli 26bt 2611, 3311, 45bl, 9Obr, 9611, 97cl, 194tr, 196d, 20211, 203bl, 20511 nod
227tr; Roberto Mangani 94br, IZler, 138tr, 140c! and 14311; Annilrosa Nicola 5Id,
55bl,67cr, 7Ocr, 70br, 7111, 71bl, 7ltr, 7ler, 7lbr, niT, ncr, 72br, 73tl, 73cl, 73bl.
73cr, 73br, 7411. 74bl. 74tr, 74hr, 75c1, 75bl, 75<:r, 7611, 76d , 76b!, 761r, 76cr, 7711.
77d, 77b1, 17IT, 77br, 7!:!tl, 78bl. ?SIr, 7&r, 78br, 79c1, 9011, 9Itr, 91cr, 132bl, 137tr,
137cr, 138bl, 139c1, 173cr, 176hr, 177b! and 177cr; Pasquale Ruocco 72bl, BOer,
85cr,97cT,119Ir,13&1,145d,165tr, 174cr, 182tr, 19Otrand221 tr;M(lu rizio5.1jcvi\
Ocr, 4511, 46bt 46tr, 47cl, 49br, 52br, 56tl, 58br, 5911, 8911, 89cr, 9411. l03bl, 106tl,
107bl, 107tr, 116c1, 124d, I26br, 129d 129bL 135tl. 143c1,I44bl, 196bl, 197cr,
199cr,2261l,226c1,226bl,227c1 and227b1.
'Ill.e following photogr<lphs were I"ken at the Succulent Collection of the
Municipal of Zurich: 31cr, 36br, 41cl, 4lb!, 4%1, 89br, 90cl, 9Obl, 91cl, 95br, 13lbl,
134bl, 13&r, 155cr, 173tl, 173d, 17Str, 179tr, ISSt!, 189bl, 189cr,194bl,200tr,201tl,
202d, 202tr, 203tr, 204cr, 227tl <lnd 227cr; the following photogr~phs were taken
at the Garden of the National Herbarium of Namibia, Windhoek: 46bl, 46tr, 49br
and I%bl; and the following photographs were taken at the Botanical Garden of
the University of Palermo: 33cr, 48tr, 59tt 89cr, 94tl, 135t1, 143c1 and 227b1
2"
Dr Muurizio Sajeva is based at the
Department of Botany at the University
of Palermo in italy and is president of the
Associazione Italiana Amatori Piante
Succulcntc (the Italian Cactus and
Succulent Society). He is the Italian CITES
Scientific Authority representative for
plants, a member of the International
Organization for Succulent Plants Study
(lOS) and other scientific societies, as wel l
tiS being respo nsiblu for thu Ruscue Centre
for Cacti lind Succulents at the Botan ical
Carden of Palermo.
AllJ(lofi'lltrc~1
AJll>hUI.uN"'~h. (l l'icrfn"'''''l<"d])~oie1cCo.ta"",,.~~pl
whe,.., Mhe .... i ... ukn<>wledged