Ngo, Ricky Justin N.

3Bio7

Cat Musculature

Description (Muscles) Origin Insertion Action

External oblique
~ Is the large muscle that
constitutes the outermost Extensive neurosis, linea alba,
layer of the abdominal Lumbodorsal fascia; posterior ribs inguinal ligament (rabbit), pubis Constrictor of the abdomen
wall (cat)
~ fibers are downward
and backward
2nd sheet of the lumbodorsal
Internal oblique
fascia, posterior ribs, inguinal
~ fibers are downward Linea alba by extensive
ligament (for rabbit); 2nd sheet of Compressor of the abdomen
and forward, continued aponeurosis
the lumbodorsal pelvic girdle
by a broad aponeurosis
border (for cat)
2nd sheet of the lumbodorsal
Transversus abdominis
fascia, posterior ribs, inguinal
~ 3rd muscle layer Linea alba by extensive
ligament (for rabbit); 2nd sheet of Compressor of the abdomen
~ fibers are ventral and aponeurosis
the lumbodorsal pelvic girdle
posterior
border (for cat)
Rectus abdominis
~ long slender muscle on
each side of the linea alba
which extends to form the
pubic symphysis to the
Retracts ribs & sternum; compresses
anterior part of the thorax Anterior end of pubic symphysis Sternum and costal cartilages
abdomen
~ fibers run longitudinal
~crossed by white lines
(myosepta or inscriptions)
Pectoantibrachialis
~ Anterior and most
By a flat tendon on the fascia of
superficial of the chest Manubrium Draws arm toward the chest
forearm
muscles

Pectoralis major
~ Posterior to the
Sternum; median ventral raphe Humerus Draws arm toward the chest
pectoantibrachialis,
anteriorly dorsal
Pectoralis minor
~ big part is covered by Sternum Humerus Draws arm toward the chest
pectoralis major
Xiphihumeralis
Xiphoid process of sternum Humerus Draws arm toward the chest
~ the last of chest muscles
Sternomastoid
~ Superficial muscle of the
ventral side of the neck
2 parts: Median raphe, Skull from lambdoidal ridge onto Singly, turn head; together, depress head
~ The external jugular vein
manubrium of sternum mastoid process on neck
crosses its surface at an
angle to the direction of
its fibers
Sternohyoid
Median ventral line and first costal
~ visible between 2 Body of hyoid bone Draw hyoid posteriorly
cartilage
sternomastoids
Cleidomastoid
~ lateral to the
Singly, pulls clavicle craniad or turns head;
sternomastoid Clavicle (or mastoid process) Mastoid process (or clavicle)
lowers head on neck
~ passing from the head
to the upper arm
Clavobrachialis
~lower part from the
clavicle to the forearm Clavicle; fibers of clavotrapezius Ulna Flexor of forearm
Clavotrapezius
~ upper part, extends
Superior nuchal line; median
from the skull to the Clavicle Draws clavicle dorsad and craniad
dorsal line of neck
clavicle
~
Masseter
~ great thick muscle
covering the angle of the
jaws
Posterior half of lateral surface
~ situated in front of the Zygomatic arch Elevator of lower jaw
of mandible
submaxillary and parotid
glands
~covered by a thick
shining fascia
Temporal
~ Mass of muscle which is Side of the skull from superior
covered by a fascia nuchal line to zygomatic process
Coronoid process of mandible Elevator of the jaw
occupying the temporal of frontal bone; part of zygomatic
fossa of the skull; dorsal arch
to the ear
Digastric
~ muscle lying along the
medial surface of each
Jugular and mastoid process of
half of the mandible Mandible Depressor of lower jaw
skull
~ Extends posteriorly
internal to the
submaxillary gland
Mylohyoid
~ thin transverse sheet
passing across between
the two digastrics from Mandible Median raphe Raises floor of mouth; brings hyoid forward
one half of the mandible
to the other
Geniohyoid
Mandible near symphysis Body of hyoid Draws hyoid forward
~ slender muscles (med. line)
Sternothyroid
~by separating, trachea/
windpipe, a tube stiffened
by rings of cartilage, is
exposed
~ Above the trachea is the
larynx, a chamber w/
cartilaginous walls
The chief cartilage of the
Sternum Thyroid cartilage of the larynx Pulls larynx posteriorly
larynx is the shield-
shaped thyroid cartilage
~ In front of the thyroid
cartilage is the body of
the hyoid
~Sternothyroid is located
on each side of the
trachea, dorsal to the
sternohyoids
Thyrohyoid
~ Narrow muscle on each
Each side of thyroid cartilage Posterior horn of hyoid Raises larynx
side of the thyroid
cartilage
Latissimus dorsi
~ large flat muscle
Neural spines of last thoracic and
extending obliquely By a tendon on medial surface of
most of lumbar vertebrae; Pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally
forward from the middle humerus
lumbodorsal fascia
of the back to the upper
arm
Acromiotrapezius Neural spines of cervical and first Metacromion process; spine of Draws scapula dorsad; holds two scapulae
~ middle trapezius thoracic vertebrae scapula; fascia of spinotrapezius together
Spinotrapezius
Spines of thoracic vertebrae Fascia of scapula Draws scapula dorsad and caudad
~ posterior trapezius
Levator scapulae ventralis
~ flat, bandlike muscle
Transverse process of atlas; Metacromion process;
diverging from the Draws scapula craniad
occipital bone neighbouring fascia
acromiotrapezius

Rhomboideus
~ Thick muscle beneath Neural spines of vertebrae;
Vertebral border of scapula Draws scapula dorsad
the spino- and adjacent ligaments
acromiotrapezius muscle
Rhomboideus capitis
~separated ventral
portion of the Superior nuchal line Scapula Draws scapula craniad; rotate scapula
Rhomboideus
~slender band
Splenius
~ muscle covering the
back of the neck
~ in front of the
Middorsal line; fascia Superior nuchal line Raises or turns head
rhomboideus
~internal to the trapezii
~ crossed by
rhomboideus captis
Supraspinatus
~ stout muscle occupying Whole surface of supraspinous
Greater tuberosity of humerus Extends humerus
the supraspinous fossa of fossa of scapula
the scapula
Infraspinatus
~ two large muscles at Whole surface of infraspinous
Greater tuberosity of humerus Rotates humerus
the posterior of the fossa of scapula
scapula
Teres major
~ stout muscle behind the Axillary border of scapula; fascia of
Medial surface of humerus Rotates and lowers humerus
infraspinatus; fibers running in neighbouring muscles
the same direction
Teres minor
~ at the posterior border Axillary border of scapula Greater tuberosity Assists the infraspinatus
of the infraspinatus
Subscapularis
~ covers the inner or
Subscapular fossa Lesser tuberosity of humerus Pulls humerus medially
medial surface of the
scapula
Spinodeltoid
~ posterior to the line
marking the insertion of
the acromiotrapezius and
the levator scapulae
Spine of scapula Deltoid ridge of humerus Raises and rotates humerus
ventralis
~ muscle which passes to
the upper arm, across the
upper ends of the muscles
of the upper arm
Clavodeltoid
(Clavobrachialis)
Clavicle; fibers of clavotrapezius Ulna Flexor of forearm
~ lower part from the
clavicle to the forearm
Acromiodeltoid
~ short thick muscle Surface of other shoulder
Acromion process Raises and rotates humerus
pasing ventrally from the muscles
acromion process
Serratus ventralis
~ a large, fan-shaped By slips from first nine or ten ribs;
muscle extending fromm transverse process of last cervical Draws scapula craniad, ventrad, and
Scapula near vertebral border
the ventral border of the vertebrae (levator against thoracic wall
scapula to the sides of the scapulae/anterior part)
thorax and neck
Serratus dorsalis
By aponeurosis from median
~fleshy slips from the ribs, Last ribs Draw ribs forward
dorsal line
under the latissimus dorsi
Scalene
~ muscles in the chest
wall ventral to the origin
Transverse process of cervical
of the serratus ventralis Ribs Draw ribs forward; bend neck
vertebrae
and in front of the
anterior boundary of
external oblique
External intercostals
~ external layer
~ seen between the Rib Rib Draw ribs forward
origins of the serattus
ventralis and dorsalis
Internal intercostals
~ inside the external
Rib Rib Draw ribs back
layer, fibers run obliquely
forward and downward

Semispinalis (dorsal)
Longissimus (median) Transverse process of vertebrae
Iliocostalis (ventral)
Lateral head of triceps
brachii
Long head of triceps
Distal head of humerus Lateral surface of ulna Strengthens elbow joint; rotates ulna
brachii
Medial head of triceps
brachii
Epitrochlearis (Extensor
antibrachii)
Latissimus dorsi Olecranon Rotate the ulna
~ medial side of the long
head
Biceps brachii
~ visible only after cutting
Glenoid fossa radius Flexor of forearm
the insertions pectoral
muscle
Brachialis
~ lateral to the biceps, in
Lateral surface of humerus Ulna Flexor of forearm
contact with the lateral
head of the triceps
Anconeus Distal head of humerus Lateral surface of ulna Strengthens elbow joint; rotates ulna
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Lateral epicondyle of humerus;
~ first muscle preaxial to Proximal end of 5th metacarpal Extends 5th digit and ulnar side of wrist
semilunar notch of ulna
the ulna
Extensor digitorum
lateralis
Lateral surface of humerus above
~ next to the extensor 3 or 4 digits Extend digits
lateral epicondyle
carpi ulnaris, at the
preaxial side
Extensor digitorum
communis Above origin of extensor digitorum
3 or 4 digits Extend digits
~ Next to extensor lateralis
digitorum lateralis
Brachioradialis (Supinator
longus)
~ next to extensor Lower end of radius and
About middle of humerus Rotates hand to supine position
digitorum communis at adjacent ligaments
the preaxial border of the
foream
Extensor carpi radialis
~ underlies the
brachioradialis and Humerus near other extensors 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Extends hand
extends onto the inner or
medial surface of the arm
Pronator teres
~ next to the extensor
carpi radialis longus and is Medial epicondyle of humerus Radius Rotates radius to prone position
under it.
Flexor carpi radialis
~ next and under Medial epicondyle of humerus 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Flexes 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
protonator teres
Palmaris longus
~ flat muscle forming the
outer surface of the Medial epicondyle of humerus Pads of pal and phalanges Flexor of digits
forearm next to the flexor
carpi radialis
Flexor profundus
digitorum
~ complex muscle that lies
under the palmaris longus Humerus and ulna Basal phalanges General flexor of fingers
and projects to the radial
side of it.
~ 5 parts
Flexor carpi ulnaris
~ consist of 2 sperate
muscles which form the
ulnar border of the
forearm from the medial
view Exposed olecranon process of ulna Pisiform bone of wrist Flexes ulnar side of wrist
~ 1st head – under
pulmaris longus
~ 2nd head – lies alongside
the exposed olecranon
process of the ulna
Tensor fasciae latae
~ lateral surface of the
thigh
~ anterior part is covered
Ilium; neighbouring fascia Fascia lata Tightens fascia lata
by the fascia lata
~ a thick triangular muscle
Biceps femoris
~ large muscle on the
lateral surface of the
thigh posterior to the
Tuberosity of ischium Patella; tibia; fascia of the shank Abductor of thigh; flexor of shank
fascia lata and covering
more than half of the
surface of the thigh
~ 1 head in the cat
Caudofemoralis
~ muscle found between
the median dorsal line
and the thigh
Transverse process of 2nd and 3rd
~ most posterior, passing Patella Abductor of thigh; extensor of shank
caudal vertebrae
from the side of the root
of the tail toward the
dorsal end of the biceps
femoris
Gluteus maximus
~ flat muscle immediately
anterior to the
Fascia and transverse processes of
caudofemoralis, Fascia lata; slightly on greater
last sacral and first caudal Abductor of thigh
imbedded in the fascia trochanter
vertebrae
and is continuous with
the tensor fasciae latae
anteriorly
Gluteus medius
Adjacent fascia; crest of ilium;
~ triangular muscle
lateral surface of ilium; transverse
immediately in front of Greater trochanter of femur Abductor of thigh
processes of last sacral and first
the gluteus maximus and
caudal vertebrae
partly covered by it
Sartorius
~ muscle forms the Proximal end of tibia; patella; Adductor and rotator of thigh; extensor of
Crest and ventral border of ilium
anterior margin from the fascia and ligaments between shank
lateral view of the thigh
Vastus lateralis
~ large, stoute muscle Greater trochanter; surface of
covered by the fascia femur
latae
Rectus femoris
~ muscle at the anterior
Ilium near acetabulum
margin of the vastus
lateralis Patella; adjacent ligaments Extensor of shank
Vastus medialis
~ on the medial side of
Femur
the thigh posterior to the
rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
~ next to the shalf of the Surface of femur
femur
Gracilis
~ large flat muscle
forming the posterior half Ischial and pubic symphyses By an aponeurosis to tibia Adductor of leg
of the medial surface of
the thigh
Adductor longus
Pubis Femur Adductor of thigh
~ most anterior
Adductor femoris
~ larger and middle Pubis Femur Adductor of thigh
muscular mass
Semimembranosus
Medial epicondyle of femur;
~ large posterior part Ischium Extensor of thigh
proximal end of tibia
covered by the gracilis
Semitendinosus
~ most posterior muscle
of the thigh Ischial tuberosity Tibia Flexor of shank
Tenuissimus Same fascia as insertion of
Transverse process of 2nd caudal
~ beneath the biceps biceps, patella & tibia by a Abductor of thigh and flexor of shank
vertebrae
femoris tendon & fascia of the shank
Tibialis anterior
~ most ventral muscle of Proximal parts of tibia and fibula First metatarsal Flexor of foot
the shank
Extensor digitorum longus
~ dorsal to the tibialis Lateral epicondyle of femur Each digit Extensor of digits
anterior
Peroneus muscles
~ dorsal to the extensor Fibula Metatarsals and digits Extensors and flexors of foot
digitorum longus
Gastrocnemius
~ large muscle forming Surface fascia; femur; tendon and
Heel bone (calcaneus) Extensor of foot
the posterior or caudal fascia of plantaris
surface of the shank
Soleus
~ flat muscle in contact
with the peroneus
muscles ventrally; Fibula Calcaneus Extensor of foot
~ tapers to a tendon
which joins the tendon of
the gastrocnemius
Plantaris
~ lying between the 2
heads of gastrocnemius
~ fused to the lateral head
but is quite separable
from the median head Patella; femur Ventral surface of calcaneus Flexor of digits
~ covered on the medial
side by a shining
aponeurosis
Flexor digitorum longus
~ dorsal to the tibialis Tibia; fibula; adjacent fascia Digits Flexor of digits
anterior
Tibialis posterior
~ long tendon between Scaphoid; medial cuneiform of
Tibia; fibula; fascia Extensor of foot
the 2 parts of the flexor ankle
digitorum longus