Part II: The Industrialization of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the Past Decade

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded
once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine. It is one of the
five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite,
in his will.

What has Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to do with the life science industry? We may find
an answer from the Prize awarded in the past decade.

2014 Brain GPS

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 was awarded to three scientists from the
United States and Norway, John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edward Moser, for "discovering
cells that make up the brain's positioning system." They found that the circuit formed by the rat
hippocampus constitutes a wide range of localization systems in the brain - the brain's GPS. This
research has promoted the progress of brain imaging system and the treatment of neurological
diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. It provides a new way to understand cognitive processes
such as memory, thinking and planning.

2013 Vesicle Transport Regulation Mechanism

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 was awarded to American scientists James E.
Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and German scientist Thomas C. Südhof, in recognition of their
discovery of intracellular vesicular trafficking regulation mechanism. The study revealed how
cellular cargo around "vesicles" can be transported to the correct cellular targets at the right time.
Without the precise and wonderful organization of vesicles, the cells will get in turmoil and defect
in their vesicles transportation, leading to these diseases. At present, the study is applied to the
pathophysiology of diseases such as nervous system diseases, diabetes and immune diseases.

2012 Somatic Cell Reprogramming Technology

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 was presented to British scientist Sir John B.
Gurdon and Japanese medical professor Shinya Yamanaka in recognition of their revolutionary
contributions in the field of somatic cell reprogramming technology. Shinya Yamanaka used gene
technology to successfully induce pluripotent stem cells that have the ability to differentiate by
reprogramming mouse mature cells. The value of this technology lies in the establishment of
patient-specific long-term stable cell lines for individualized drug screening and the use of stem
cells obtained from the somatic cells of patients as a material for cell therapy in disease modeling,
drug screening and cell therapy. The huge application prospect is regarded as the new hope for cell
therapy.

2011 The Key Principle of Immune System Activation

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler
and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and
the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive
immunity". The immune system is a human and animal health "line of defense" to fight bacteria
and other microbes. They discovered the key principles of immune system activation that
revolutionized our understanding of the immune system and offered the possibility of driving the
body's own cells and immune processes to stop infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders,
allergies, cancers and organ transplant rejection, such as the development of cancer treatment
vaccines.

About Author

Creative Biolabs is specialized in providing custom biotechnology and pharmaceutical products

that cover the full scope of biotechnology needs of early drug discovery and development, such as
bispecific t cell engager, bispecific antibodies, etc. Over the last 10 years, Creative Biolabs has
been a leader of recombinant antibody (rAb) discovery and manufacturing, providing high quality
service to customers in academia and industry fields all over the world.

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medicine-in-the-past-decade-46f93ab0cdaa