ON OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE VI

ARTICLE VI

ARTICLE 6

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a
Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on
initiative and referendum.

Roles of congress is vital because they are essential in regulating the relations of people among
themselves and government.

Laws are needed:

1. To protect lives
2. Protect rights and properties of people
3. Impose taxes for operation of the government
4. To define crimes and punishments for crimes
5. To create and abolish government offices
6. Regulate human conduct and use of property for the welfare of society

The composition of Philippine Congress

Bicameral legislature

Consist of 2 chambers

1. The upper house or senate

2. Lower house or house of representatives

The Senate

Consist of 24 senators

The term of the members of the Senate is expressly provided in Articles VI and XVIII respectively of the
Constitution:

Sec. 4. The term of office of the Senators shall be six years and shall commence, unless otherwise
provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election.

Sec. 2. The Senators, members of the House of Representatives, and the local officials first elected under
this Constitution shall serve until noon of June 30, 1992.
Of the Senators elected in the election in 1992, the first twelve obtaining the highest number of votes shall
serve for six years and the remaining twelve for three years.

It must be remembered that the 24 Senators first elected under the 1987 Constitution on May 2, 1987
served only for five years ending on June 30, 1992. Of the senators elected in 1992, the first 12 obtaining
the highest number of votes served for the full term of six years expiring in 1998, and the last 12 served
only three years and ended in 1995. After which, the 12 Senators elected in 1995 shall serve the full term of
six years or until year 2001. Those 12 to be elected in 1998 shall also serve the full term of six years. In
fine, beginning 1992, 12 Senators shall be elected every three years, so that unlike in the House of
Representatives, the Senate shall not at anytime be completely dissolved. One-half of the membership is
retained as the other half is replaced or reelected every three years.

The purpose of the continuity of the life of the Senate is intended to encourage the maintenance of Senate
policies as well as guarantee that there will be experienced members who can help and train newcomers in
the discharge of their duties. In addition, in case of resignation, death, permanent disability, removal from
office, or resignation of the President and Vice-President, the Senate President shall act as President.

Moreover, the Constitution, in Section 4, Article VI, provides limits to the extent a member of the Senate
can run for reelection. It provides as follows:

No Senator shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office for any
length of time shall not be considered as an inter-ruption in the continuity of his service for the full term for
which he was elected.
Republic of the Philippines

SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS
Senate of the Philippines
2016-2019

Aquilino 'Koko' Pimentel III

Senate President

Franklin M. Drilon
President Pro Tempore

Vicente C. Sotto III

Majority Leader

Ralph G. Recto
Minority Floor Leader

Lutgardo B. Barbo
Secretary

Juan Edgardo "Sonny" M. Angara Risa Hontiveros

Paolo Benigno "Bam" Aquino IV Panfilo "Ping" M. Lacson

Maria Lourdes Nancy S. Binay Loren B. Legarda

Alan Peter Compañero S. Cayetano * Emmanuel "Manny" D. Pacquiao

Leila de Lima Francis "Kiko" Pangilinan

Joseph Victor "JV" G. Ejercito Grace L. Poe

Francis "Chiz" G. Escudero Antonio "Sonny" F. Trillanes IV

Sherwin "Win" T. Gatchalian Emmanuel Joel J. Villanueva

Richard J. Gordon Cynthia A. Villar

Juan Miguel "Migz" F. Zubiri

 Gregorio B. Honasan II

The qualifications for membership in the Senate are expressly stated in Section 3, Art.
VI of the Constitution as follows:

No person shall be a Senator unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines,

and on the day of the election, is at least thirty-five years of age, able to read and
write, a registered voter, and a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years
immediately preceding the day of the election.

It is worthy to note that the age is fixed at 35 and must be possessed on the day of
the elections, that is, when the polls are opened and the votes cast, and not on the day
of the proclamation of the winners by the board of canvassers.

With regard to the residence requirement, it was ruled in the case of Lim v.
Pelaez that it must be the place where one habitually resides and to which he, after
absence, has the intention of returning.

The enumeration laid down by the Constitution is exclusive under the Latin principle
of expressio unius est exclusio alterius. This means that Congress cannot anymore add
additional qualifications other than those provided by the Constitution.

Parliamentary Immunities

A. Privilege from Arrest

One of the privileges that a member of Congress enjoys is the privilege from arrest. In this regard,
Section 11, Article VI, of the Constitution provides as follows:

A Senator or Member of the House of Representatives shall, in all offenses punishable by not more than
six years imprisonment, be privileged from arrest while the Congress is in session. No member shall be
questioned nor be held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in Congress or in any
committee thereof.
The house of representatives

Section 5. (1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two
hundred and fifty members, unless otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from
legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila
area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of
a uniform and progressive ratio, and those who, as provided by law, shall be elected
through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or
organizations.

(2) The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per centum of the total number
of representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after
the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list
representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the
labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such
other sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector.

(3) Each legislative district shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous, compact,
and adjacent territory. Each city with a population of at least two hundred fifty thousand,
or each province, shall have at least one representative.

(4) Within three years following the return of every census, the Congress shall make a
reapportionment of legislative districts based on the standards provided in this section.

Section 6. No person shall be a Member of the House of Representatives unless he is a

natural-born citizen of the Philippines and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-
five years of age, able to read and write, and, except the party-list representatives, a
registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, and a resident thereof for a
period of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the election.

Currently
HOUSE MEMBERS 296

NOTE: Deceased (2), Resigned (0), Unseated (0), Appointed (1)

Basilan
Akbar, Jum J. (Deceased) Lone Distri

Sulu

Loong, Tupay T. (Deceased) 1st District

STATISTICS

Total Representatives

Total Representatives doesn't include Deceased (2), Resigned (0), Unseated (0), Appointed (1)

REPRESENTATION

District 80 %

Party List 20 %