Review of Related Literature

According to the Republic Act 8749 – Clean Air Act (1998) “The State shall protect and
advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm
and harmony of nature. The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain
sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units
to deal with environmental problems. The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the
habitat and environment is primarily area-based. The State also recognizes the principle that
"polluters must pay". Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the
good of all and should therefore be the concern of all.”

Because the purpose of this research is make the reader aware of the Green Business
Practices available and employed by the sugar companies, the researchers will also put out
examples of what the Republic of the Philippines are doing to save the environment. This R.A. also
recognizes the rights of the people of the state to breathe clean air, utilize and enjoy all natural
resources and other environmental rights.

The Republic Act 9003 entitled the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”
declares to ensure the protection of public health and environment. This will be done by setting
guidelines and targets for solid waste reduction and ensure proper segregation, collection,
transport, storage, treatment and disposal. Various governmental agencies are set forth and given
power to operate by the state, in this Act, to raise awareness and take action on recycling and
solid waste management.

“To promote environmental strategies, use of appropriate economic instruments and of

control mechanisms for the protection of water resources;” is one of the declarations of the
Republic Act 9275 Clean Water Act. This Act covers all bodies of water within the Philippines and
spearheads the abatement and control of water pollution in the country. This study also covers
the penalties and charges which are stated in this Act.

The Republic Act 6969 Toxic and Hazardous Waste Act has been recognized that the public
and the environment are at risk in the use or exposure to chemicals as well as the long term
damage brought about by careless handling or disposal of hazardous wastes. Under this Act, the
importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale, distribution, use
and disposal of all unregulated chemical substances and mixtures in the Philippines, as well as the
entry even in transit, or storage and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes are regulated.

The Department of Environment and National Resources, which was established on

January 1, 1917, is the primary agency responsible for the conservation, management,
development, and proper use of the country's environment and natural resources. It pronounced
a series of Administrative Orders such as the DENR Administrative Order: 2016 – 28, DENR
Administrative Order: 2013 – 08 and the DENR Administrative Order: 2016 – 08. These DAOs has
been duly chosen because these contain the regulations applicable to the sugar companies.

The first DAO, which was pronounced last 2016, provides for the new fees and charges
for various services of the environmental management bureau. DAO 2013-08 aims to “provide a
coherent direction towards water quality protection and improvement through a set of water
quality management strategies, formulating an implementation plan, and presenting a
mechanism for institutional and organizational capacity and coordination that will build
consensus among implementers and stakeholders.” And the DAO 2016-08 provides the Water
Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards.