11th Chemistry Salt Analysis

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COPPER SULPHATE T. MURUGAN
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Colour :
Note the colour of the given salt Blue Presence of copper
2. Solubility:
A little of the salt is shaken Soluble May be sulphate ,Nitrate
well with water And Chloride salt
3. Action of heat:
A small amount of the salt is taken Colour of the substance changes May be copper sulphate
In a dry test tube and heated From blue to white
Strongly
4. Flame test:
Salt is made into a paste with Bluish colour flame Presence of copper
Conc.HCl and introduced it in to the non
luminous flame
5. Ash test:
Salt + Conc.HNO3 + cobalt Nitrate No coloured ash Absence of Zn,Al and Mg
Solution in a watch glass and burnt
6. Action of NaOH:
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Salt + NaOH solution is heated
7. Action of dil.HCl:
Salt + dil.HCl is heated
No Characteristic change
Absence of Ammonium
Absence of sulphide and carbonate
9. Copper turning test:

Salt + copper turning + conc .H2SO4 No Characteristic change Absence of Nitrate
Is heated
9.Chromyl chloride test:

Salt + K2Cr2O7 + Conc. H2SO4 is No Characteristic change Absence of chloride
Heated.Red orange vapours are
Passed in to water and lead acetate
Is added.
e
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

A small amount of the salt twice the amount of sodium carbonate + 20 ml of distilled water is boiled for
10 minutes and filtered after cooling.the filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.it is used for the
following tests.
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9. Silver Nitrate test:
Na2CO3 extract + dil. HNO3 + (till No precipitate Absence of chloride and sulphide
The effervescence ceases) AgNO3
solution.
10. Barium chloride test: A white precipitate insoluble in sulphate is confirmed

Na2CO3 extract + dil.HCl +(till Conc.HCl
The effervescence ceases) BaCl2
Solution.
11. Lead acetae test: White precipitate Presence of sulphate

Na2CO3 extract + acetic acid + (till
The effervescence ceases)
Lead acetate solution
12. Brown ring test:

Na2CO3 extract + dil.H2SO4(till
The effervescence ceases) + No brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
Freshly prepared FeSO4 + conc.
H2 SO4 through the sides of the
Test tube.
PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION :
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The original solution is prepared by dissolving a gram of the salt in 10 to 15ml of distilled water.
GROUP SEPARATION
1. Original solution + Nessler’s No characteristic change Absence of ammonium

Reagent + NaOH solution is heated Zero group
2. . Original solution + dil.HCl No characteristic change Absence of lead I group
3. . Original solution + dil.HCl + A black precipitate is obtained Presence of copper II group

H2S gas
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

To a few drops of original solution Blue precipitate soluble in excess
Ammonium hydroxide is added in Of ammonium hydroxide to form Copper is confirmed
drops to excess Deep blue solution is obtained
RESULT :
The acid radical is : Sulphate
The basic radical is : Copper
The given simple salt is : Copper sulphate
LEAD NITRATE T.MURUGAN
1. Colour :
Note the colour of the given salt colurless Absence of copper
2. Solubility:
3. Action of heat:
A small amount of the salt is taken Descrepitation occurs.reddish May be Nitare
In a dry test tube and heated Brown gas turning starch iodide
Strongly paper blue evolves
4. Flame test:
Salt is made into a paste with No coloured flame Absence of copper,calcium and
Conc.HCl and introduced it in to the non barium
luminous flame
5. Ash test:
6. Action of NaOH:
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Absence of Ammonium

Salt + copper turning + conc .H2SO4 Reddish brown gas Presence of Nitrate
Is heated

Is added.
e

following tests.
solution.
10. Barium chloride test: No precipitate Absence sulphate

Na2CO3 extract + dil.HCl +(till
Solution.
11. Lead acetae test:

Na2CO3 extract + acetic acid + (till No precipitate Aresence of sulphate and sulphide

Na2CO3 extract + dil.H2SO4(till Brown ring is formed at the Nitrate is confirmed
The effervescence ceases) + junction of the two layers.
Test tube.
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GROUP SEPARATION

2. . Original solution + dil.HCl A white precipitate Soluble when Presence of lead I group
Boiled with water is obtained

To a few drops of original solution
Potassium chromate solution Yellow precipitate is obtained Lead is confirmed
is added
RESULT :
The acid radical is : Nitrate
The basic radical is : Lead
The given simple salt is : Lead Nitare
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE T.MURUGAN
1. Colour :
Note the colour of the given salt Colurless Abssence of copper
2. Solubility:
3. Action of heat: Salt sublimes.colourless,pungent

A small amount of the salt is taken Smelling gasgiving dence white May be Ammonium salt
In a dry test tube and heated Fumes with aglass rod dipped in
Strongly Conc.HCl acid evolves
4. Flame test:
Salt is made into a paste with Absence of copper calcium and
Conc.HCl and introduced it in to the non No colour flame barium
luminous flame
5. Ash test:
6. Action of NaOH: Pungent smelling gas giving dence Presence of Ammonium
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White fumes with conc.HCl
No Characteristic change Absence of sulphide and carbonate

Is heated

Salt + K2Cr2O7 + Conc. H2SO4 is Red orange vapours evolved is
Heated.Red orange vapours are Passed through water In a test tube Chloride is confirmed
Passed in to water and lead acetate Yellow solution is obtained on
Is added. Adding lead acetate solution yellow
e Precipitate is formed

following tests.
Na2CO3 extract + dil. HNO3 + (till A curdy white precipitate soluble Precence of chloride
The effervescence ceases) AgNO3 In NH4OH
solution.
10. Barium chloride test:

Na2CO3 extract + dil.HCl +(till No precipitate Absence sulphate
Solution.

The effervescence ceases) No precipitate Aresence of sulphate and sulphide

The effervescence ceases) + No Brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
Test tube.
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GROUP SEPARATION
1. Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is Presence of ammonium

Reagent + NaOH solution is heated obtained Zero group
1. Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is Ammonium is confirmed

Reagent + NaOH solution is heated obtained
RESULT :
The acid radical is : Chloride
The basic radical is : Ammonium
The given simple salt is : Ammonium chloride
ZINC SULPHATE T.MURUGAN
1. Colour :
Note the colour of the given salt colourless Absence of copper
2. Solubility:
3. Action of heat:
A small amount of the salt is taken The salt turns yellow when hot May be Zinc
In a dry test tube and heated And white when cold
Strongly
4. Flame test:
Salt is made into a paste with No colour flame Absence of copper Calcium and
Conc.HCl and introduced it in to the non barium
luminous flame
5. Ash test:
Salt + Conc.HNO3 + cobalt Nitrate Green ash presence of Zinc
6. Action of NaOH:
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Absence of Ammonium

Is heated

Is added.
e

following tests.
solution.
10. Barium chloride test: A white precipitate insoluble in sulphate is confirmed

Na2CO3 extract + dil.HCl +(till Conc.HCl
Solution.
11. Lead acetae test: White precipitate Presence of sulphate


The effervescence ceases) + No brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
Test tube.
PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION : The original solution is prepared by dissolving a gram of
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the salt in 10 to 15ml of distilled water.
1. Original solution + Nessler’s

Reagent + NaOH solution is heated
GROUP SEPARATION
No characteristic change Absence of ammonium

Zero group
2. Original solution + dil.HCl No characteristic change Absence of lead I group
3.. Original solution + dil.HCl + No characteristic change Absence of copper II group

H2S gas
4. Original solution + Excess of No characteristic change Absence of Aluminium III group

NH4Cl + NH4OH solution
5. Original solution + Excess of Dirty White Precipitate is Presence of Zinc IV group

NH4Cl + NH4OH solution And H2S obtained
Gas is passed

To a few drops of original solution White precipitate soluble in excess
Sodium hydroxide is added in Of sodium hydroxide is obtained Zinc is confirmed
drops to excess
RESULT : The acid radical is : Sulphate
The basic radical is : Zinc
The given simple salt is : Zinc sulphate
ZINC SULPHIDE T.MURUGAN
1. Colour :
2. Solubility:
A little of the salt is shaken In soluble May be sulphide and carbonate
well with water
3. Action of heat: May be Zinc

A small amount of the salt is taken The salt turns yellow when hot
In a dry test tube and heated And white when cold
Strongly
4. Flame test: Absence of copper Calcium and

Salt is made into a paste with No colour flame barium
luminous flame
5. Ash test: presence of Zinc

Salt + Conc.HNO3 + cobalt Nitrate Green ash
6. Action of NaOH:
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Absence of Ammonium
Colourless gas with rotten egg smell Sulphide is confirmed

turning lead acetate paper black

Is heated

Is added.
e

following tests.
Na2CO3 extract + dil. HNO3 + (till A black precipitate is obtained Presence of sulphide
solution.
10. Barium chloride test: No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Sulphate

Solution.

Na2CO3 extract + acetic acid + (till A black precipitate soluble in Presence of sulphide
The effervescence ceases) Hot dil.HNO3 is added

The effervescence ceases) +
Freshly prepared FeSO4 + conc. No brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
Test tube.
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The original solution is prepared by dissolving a gram of the salt in 10 to 15ml of distilled water.if it is
Insoluble in water it is prepared by dissolving in dil Nitric acid.
GROUP SEPARATION


H2S gas

5. Original solution + Excess of Dirty White Precipitate is Presence of Zinc IV group

NH4Cl + NH4OH solution And H2S obtained
Gas is passed
To a few drops of original solution White precipitate soluble in excess

Sodium hydroxide is added in Of sodium hydroxide is obtained Zinc is confirmed
drops to excess
RESULT :
The acid radical is : Sulphide
The basic radical is : Zinc
The given simple salt is : Zinc sulphide
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CALCIUM CARBONATE T.MURUGAN
1. Colour :
2. Solubility:
A little of the salt is shaken In soluble May be sulphide and carbonate
well with water
3. Action of heat:
A small amount of the salt is taken Colourless odourless gas turning May be Crbonate
In a dry test tube and heated Lime water milky
Strongly
4. Flame test:
Salt is made into a paste with Brick red flame Presence of calcium
luminous flame
5. Ash test:
Salt + Conc.HNO3 + cobalt Nitrate No coloured Ash Absence of zinc,aluminium and
Solution in a watch glass and burnt magnesium
6. Action of NaOH:
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No Characteristic change Absence of Ammonium
Colourless ,odourless gas with brisk Carbonate is confirmed

effervescence turning lime
Water milky
Is heated

Is added.
e

following tests.
Na2CO3 extract + dil. HNO3 + (till No precipitate is obtained Absence of sulphide and chloride
solution.
10. Barium chloride test: No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Sulphate

Solution.

Na2CO3 extract + acetic acid + (till No black precipitate is obtained Absence of sulphide

The effervescence ceases) + No brown ring is formed
Freshly prepared FeSO4 + conc. Absence of Nitrate
Test tube.
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The original solution is prepared by dissolving a gram of the salt in 10 to 15ml of distilled water.if it is
Insoluble in water it is prepared by dissolving in dil Nitric acid.
GROUP SEPARATION


H2S gas

5. Original solution + Excess of No characteristic change Absence of Zinc IV group

NH4Cl + NH4OH solution And H2S
Gas is passed
6. Original solution + Excess of White precipitate is obtained Presence of Calcium V group

NH4Cl + NH4OH solution And
NH4CO3 solution is added
To a few drops of original solution

Potassium chromate solution White precipitate is obtained Calcium is confirmed
is added
RESULT :
The acid radical is : Carbonate
The basic radical is : Calcium
The given simple salt is : Calcium carbonate
T.MURUGAN M.SC., B.ED.,
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M.H.MATRIC HR SEC SCHOOL
KOTTAIPPATTINAM
PUDUKKOTTAI DT
CELL : 8608163816

11th Chemistry Salt Analysis

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www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.

Absence of sulphide and carbonate

9. Copper turning test:

9.Chromyl chloride test:

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

10. Barium chloride test: A white precipitate insoluble in sulphate is confirmed

11. Lead acetae test: White precipitate Presence of sulphate

12. Brown ring test:

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION :

1. Original solution + Nessler’s No characteristic change Absence of ammonium

2. . Original solution + dil.HCl No characteristic change Absence of lead I group

3. . Original solution + dil.HCl + A black precipitate is obtained Presence of copper II group

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

Absence of sulphide and carbonate

9. Copper turning test:

9.Chromyl chloride test:

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

10. Barium chloride test: No precipitate Absence sulphate

11. Lead acetae test:

12. Brown ring test:

1. Original solution + Nessler’s No characteristic change Absence of ammonium

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

3. Action of heat: Salt sublimes.colourless,pungent

6. Action of NaOH: Pungent smelling gas giving dence Presence of Ammonium

No Characteristic change Absence of sulphide and carbonate

9. Copper turning test:

9.Chromyl chloride test:

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

10. Barium chloride test:

11. Lead acetae test:

12. Brown ring test:

1. Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is Presence of ammonium

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

1. Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is Ammonium is confirmed

Absence of sulphide and carbonate

9. Copper turning test:

9.Chromyl chloride test:

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

10. Barium chloride test: A white precipitate insoluble in sulphate is confirmed

11. Lead acetae test: White precipitate Presence of sulphate

12. Brown ring test:

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION : The original solution is prepared by dissolving a gram of

1. Original solution + Nessler’s

No characteristic change Absence of ammonium

2. Original solution + dil.HCl No characteristic change Absence of lead I group

3.. Original solution + dil.HCl + No characteristic change Absence of copper II group

4. Original solution + Excess of No characteristic change Absence of Aluminium III group

5. Original solution + Excess of Dirty White Precipitate is Presence of Zinc IV group

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

3. Action of heat: May be Zinc

4. Flame test: Absence of copper Calcium and

5. Ash test: presence of Zinc

Colourless gas with rotten egg smell Sulphide is confirmed

9. Copper turning test:

9.Chromyl chloride test:

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

10. Barium chloride test: No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Sulphate

11. Lead acetae test:

12. Brown ring test:

1. Original solution + Nessler’s No characteristic change Absence of ammonium

2. Original solution + dil.HCl No characteristic change Absence of lead I group

3.. Original solution + dil.HCl + No characteristic change Absence of copper II group

4. Original solution + Excess of No characteristic change Absence of Aluminium III group

5. Original solution + Excess of Dirty White Precipitate is Presence of Zinc IV group